Test Prep Quiz 5
free association
During a therapy session, Jenny focuses on several intrusive thoughts that have been bothering her. The therapist tells Jenny to report any ideas or memories stimulated by these thoughts. Jenny's therapist is using a technique known as:
exhibit less activity in a frontal lobe area involved in behavior inhibition
Eli has always been an extravert. There is some evidence that people like Eli seek stimulation because their normal brain arousal is relatively low. For example, extraverts:
major depressive disorder
For the past four weeks, Odessa has been feeling lethargic and worthless. Her friends are worried because she no longer shows interest in her normal social activities. It is very likely that Odessa is suffering from:
hallucinations
People with schizophrenia often have disturbed perceptions, such as __________, which are sensory experiences without sensory stimulation.
cognitive therapy
The goal of stress inoculation training is to reduce incapacitating anxiety by encouraging people to say positive things to themselves during anxiety-producing situations. This best illustrates a form of:
cognitive processes
The placebo effect best illustrates the importance of _____________ in therapeutic outcomes.
biopsychosocial approach
There is evidence that behavior is the result of the interplay between external and internal influences; that behavior is the product of biology, social experience, and unconscious thought processes. This evidence suggests that personality should be studied from a:
rationalization
This defense mechanism offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions. This is known as:
depakote
This medication was originally used to treat epilepsy and is also found effective in the control of manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder.
tardive dyskinesia
A patient at a mental health clinic is suffering from involuntary movements of his facial muscles and tongue. It is possible this _____________ is a side effect of his long-term use of antipsychotic medication.
thorazine
A patient recently admitted to the hospital is complaining of auditory hallucinations. She might be treated with:
exposure therapy
A therapist helps Rebecca overcome her fear of water by getting her to swim in the family's backyard pool three times a day for two consecutive weeks. The therapist's approach to helping Rebecca best illustrates:
operant conditioning procedures
A token economy incorporates _______________ to modify behaviors by reinforcing desired behaviors with tokens that can be exchanged for various treats.
Big Five Personality Factors
conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extraversion
catatonia
periods of immobility or excessive, purposeless movement
bipolar disorder
___________ is characterized by moods that alternate between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the euphoric, hyperactive state of mania.
free association
______________ is a psychoanalytic method for exploring the unconscious. With this method, patients are told to relax and say whatever comes to mind.
social anxiety disorder
20-old Brianna lives in a small town. She has always been extremely shy, but lately she has been feeling intensely afraid that others are scrutinizing her. She avoids speaking in class, she no longer goes to parties, and she starts trembling whenever she is in a public place. Brianna seems to be suffering from a:
4 weeks
After three days of taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), Dennis is disappointed because he is not feeling any better. However, it generally may take up to ________ for this type of antidepressant to reach full effect.
reciprocal determinism
Albert Bandura's social-cognitive perspective highlights the importance of:
weak superego
Although Alex is frequently caught stealing money and other valuables from friends as well as strangers, he does not feel guilty or remorseful about his actions. Alex most clearly demonstrates a(n):
are at an increased risk for antisocial behavior
Although the cause of antisocial personality disorder is unclear, some people do appear to have a genetic vulnerability. For example, twin and adoption studies indicate that biological relatives of those with antisocial personality disorder:
conditioning
Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when she approaches any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear is the result of a traumatic childhood boating accident. The therapist's suggestion reflects a ___________ perspective.
dissociative identity disorder
Angel has been arrested for grand theft auto. He claims that it wasn't him and that he knows nothing about the crime as his alter ego must have done it. The court-appointed psychiatrist knows immediately that Angel does not suffer from _____ as the host is never co-conscious of the alter egos.
reaction formation
Bryce often acts overly confident and daring. Few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt. Bryce best illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as:
women are nearly twice as likely to suffer from major depression than are men
Depression is a serious, common psychological problem that affects many people. Although questions remain concerning the cause(s) of depression, we do know that:
biopsychosocial model
Dr. Cobbs believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Cobbs believes in a:
conscientiousness
Frieda is organized, careful, and disciplined. She would likely score very high on a personality test that measures:
projective
In 1921, Hermann Rorschach introduced what has become the most widely used ____________ test.
a psychological disorder
In _____________, a person exhibits persistently harmful thoughts, feelings, and actions.
frontal lobes
In a study examining the genetic influences on antisocial personality disorder, Adrian Raine compared the PET scans of murderers' brains to the brains of non-murderers of the same age and sex. Raine reported reduced activity in the murderers' _____________ (a brain area that helps with impulse control).
antisocial personality disorder
Last week Tate went into the hospital for a painful medical procedure. Amazingly, he did not seem worried beforehand, and he showed no signs of autonomic nervous system arousal. In addition, Tate seems to lack a conscience for wrongdoing. It is very likely that Tate would be diagnosed as having:
reciprocal determinism
Lately, Harold and Grant cannot get along. Harold often expects the worst of people, and yesterday he thought Grant was mad at him. As a result, Harold ignored Grant's phone calls and other attempts at conversation, angering Grant. But in truth, Harold created the situation to which he was reacting. This is an example of:
last for two or more weeks
Major depressive disorder is a mood disorder characterized by signs of depression (e.g., lethargy, feelings of worthlessness, and loss of interest in family, friends, and activities). To be diagnosed with major depressive disorder, these signs must:
hallucinations
Michael complains that threatening voices are constantly telling him he is so evil he should kill himself. Michael is experiencing:
delusions
Mr. James believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his savings. Mr. James is most clearly suffering from:
unconscious processes
Sigmund Freud emphasized the importance of:
word salad
Spencer has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His parents have a difficult time understanding him because his speech is fragmented and bizarre. He jumps from one idea to another, sometimes within sentences, creating a(n):
systematic desensitization
To help Adam reduce his fear of dogs, a therapist encourages him to physically relax and imagine that he is walking toward a friendly and harmless little dog. The therapist's technique best illustrates:
xanax
Which of the following is an antianxiety agent?