Text Structure Set #3

C. Cause & Effect

A Black Lung Years ago, people didn't believe that cigarettes could damage your body. Now, experts agree that smoking can cause horrible health effects. The addictive chemical nicotine that cigarettes contain can make it difficult to stop. When your body takes in cigarette smoke, it may cause you to choke, cough, and even throw up. Over time, the smoke will cause your lungs to become diseased and put you at risk for heart problems and cancer. Smoking can also cause yellow teeth, wrinkles around your mouth, and bad breath. A. Description B. Sequence C. Cause & Effect D. Problem & Solution E. Compare & Contrast

C. Cause & Effect

A Height Too Tall Sultan Kosen, the world's tallest man according to Guinness World Records, faces several health problems caused by his incredible height. Sultan developed a tumor as a child that caused him to grow to the record breaking height of 8 foot 3 inches. Not only did the tumor cause him to get so tall, it also pressed on the nerves in his eyes and caused visual problems. Because he is so tall, Sultan's joints, bones, and muscles are very week, and he can't walk without crutches. A. Description B. Sequence C. Cause & Effect D. Problem & Solution E. Compare & Contrast

E. Compare & Contrast

Candy Comparisons Candy is often categorized into two different types: chocolate or sugary. Even though both have sugar in them, chocolate also includes the key ingredient, cocoa. Sugary candies like Skittles, Smarties, and Sweet Tarts are made by combining sugar and water with other flavors and colors. To make chocolate, cocoa beans are combined with other ingredients such as sugar and milk. While both candies are considered sweets, chocolate often has more fat than sugary candies. Both types of candy can have an effect on your body chocolate contains small amounts of caffeine, and sugar might cause a "sugar" rush! A. Description B. Sequence C. Cause & Effect D. Problem & Solution E. Compare & Contrast

D. Problem & Solution

Flying South For the Winter When it becomes too cold, the food too scarce, and the days too short, many birds in the northern hemisphere begin to migrate, or move, south for the winter. In the southern hemisphere, it is usually warm enough to support a great food supply, days are longer with more hunting time for food, and birds are safe from the chilling cold. A. Description B. Sequence C. Cause & Effect D. Problem & Solution E. Compare & Contrast

A. Description

Full of Astounding Facts The human body is an amazing machine! It is made up of 7 octillion atoms (that's 27 zeros!) and our hearts pump enough blood to fill three swimming pools over a lifetime. Humans use 200 muscles when we take a step, and our eye muscles move about 100,000 times per day, the same number of times the human heart beats every day. The tongue is the strongest muscle in the human body, and skin is the largest organ. When humans are born, they have 300 bones in their body, but as bodies grow, they fuse together to make our 206 adult bones. A. Description B. Sequence C. Cause & Effect D. Problem & Solution E. Compare & Contrast

E. Compare & Contrast

Games, Games, Games One of the world's favorite activities is playing games. Games come in many shapes and sizes and include card games, board games, and video games. All games have rules and a clear way to win the game. Card games and board games are similar because they require special pieces and a flat surface to play. Video games, on the other hand, require a video game system, controllers, and a game. Most card and board games take less than two hours to complete, whereas a video game could have several levels and take days or weeks to finish! Most games can be played by more than one player at a time, but most video games don't require more than one player. Whatever the game, it's sure to be fun! A. Description B. Sequence C. Cause & Effect D. Problem & Solution E. Compare & Contrast

C. Cause & Effect

How It's Made All candy has a different process by which it is made. M&Ms are popular chocolate treats made from a mixture of liquid milk chocolate and a hard candy shell. First, the chocolate is poured into small molds. Then, it is left to cool and harden. A conveyor belt transfers the chocolate to another section of a factory, where the chocolates are coated with the hard candy shell. Finally, they are coated with color! A. Description B. Sequence C. Cause & Effect D. Problem & Solution E. Compare & Contrast

E. Compare & Contrast

It's a Plane, It's a Bird, It's a...Bat?! Is a bat a bird? No way! Bats, unlike birds, are mammals, whereas birds are part of the bird family. Not just a featherless bird, bats actually have fur covering their bodies. In contrast to a bird, who is born in an egg to hatch and kept safe by its mother, bats are born alive and they survive on their mother's milk. Both a bat and a bird have wings, but bats also have hands and fingers. Even their sleeping habits are different, with bats sleeping upside down during the day, and birds sleeping in nests at night! A. Description B. Sequence C. Cause & Effect D. Problem & Solution E. Compare & Contrast

C. Cause & Effect

Much too much candy! Although it may be tempting, eating too much candy can have a negative impact on your body and how you feel. Munching on too much candy can cause cavities in your teeth from all of the sugar. It is also very high in "empty" calories, which means the calories provide you no nutrients, just fat and calories from sugar! This can cause you to gain too much unhealthy weight. Too much sugar can also cause you to have a "foggy" brain, slowing down your memory and making you tired. A. Description B. Sequence C. Cause & Effect D. Problem & Solution E. Compare & Contrast

B. Sequence

Polly Want a Cracker? If you've ever seen a parrot on television or in someone's house, you may be tempted to buy one of these talkative birds for yourself! Training parrots to talk takes work, though! First, keep your bird active. They are social creatures and love to be engaged in talking and activity! Next, set aside ten to fifteen minutes to work on teaching your parrot short phrases, such as "Hello, friend!" After you have taught your bird a new phrase, continue to repeat it so that your bird doesn't forget it. Don't forget to talk to your parrot studies show that they don't only repeat what you say, but can truly understand you and communicate with you! A. Description B. Sequence C. Cause & Effect D. Problem & Solution E. Compare & Contrast

A. Description

The Book of Ages There are dozens of Guinness World Records relating to age! The oldest couple to marry were 96 and 94 years old. The oldest living twins are 105 years old. Another record breaker, the oldest living Rabbit, named "Do" is 18 years old. The youngest college professor is 18 years old, and the youngest person to fly around the world was 21 years old. A. Description B. Sequence C. Cause & Effect D. Problem & Solution E. Compare & Contrast

D. Problem & Solution

The Franklin Stove During the Colonial Times, most people heated their homes with fireplaces. However, these fireplaces didn't heat entire rooms, used a lot of wood, and were often dangerous. Franklin, frustrated with this, invented The Franklin Stove, an enclosed stove that used less wood and could stand in the middle of a room, heating from all four sides of the stove. The flame wasn't as exposed, making it safer than the original fireplace. Others have improved the design of the Franklin Stove so that we have the modern stoves we use today. A. Description B. Sequence C. Cause & Effect D. Problem & Solution E. Compare & Contrast

D. Problem & Solution

The Missing Pieces Have you ever gathered around a table with your friends excited to play a board game, and when you open the box, find that pieces are missing? It's always a bummer when you don't have a piece to mark your place in the game, but you can get inventive to solve the problem. Go to your kitchen and try using beans, gummy bears, or Skittles to replace the missing pieces! Or try using bingo chips, marker tops, or paperclips in their place. Don't let a missing piece stop you from playing games. A. Description B. Sequence C. Cause & Effect D. Problem & Solution E. Compare & Contrast

B. Sequence

The World Record Keepers In 1951, Sir Hugh Beaver, the chairman of the Guinness Company, wondered if the plover was the fastest hunted bird. He didn't know where to find the answer, so in 1954 he teamed up with a journalist to compile the Guinness Book of Records. On August 27, 1955, the first edition of The Guinness Book of Records was released in the United Kingdom. After being printed in several different language and in many different countries, The Guinness WORLD Records office was opened in 1996. The Guinness World Records 2000 book had over 2 million copies printed and their website was launched! By 2003, the hundred millionth copy of the Guinness World Records book had been sold! A. Description B. Sequence C. Cause & Effect D. Problem & Solution E. Compare & Contrast

B. Sequence

Video Game Systems, Then & Now The first video game console, "Brown Box", was invented in 1967. In 1977, Nintendo created their first gaming unit along with the Atari video game. Many different video game players came out in 1982 including the Intellivision. The Sega became popular in the early 1990s and in 1994, the first PlayStation was released. In 2001, the Xbox came to stores! Nintendo released the Wii in 2006 followed by the Xbox One in 2013. A. Description B. Sequence C. Cause & Effect D. Problem & Solution E. Compare & Contrast

B. Sequence

You Can't Break a Heart But you can break a bone! If a broken bone is suspected, it must first be examined by a doctor. The doctor will then take the patient for an X-Ray. When a broken bone is confirmed by X-Ray, a doctor or nurse will apply a cast and give the patient instructions for caring for their injury. After returning home, rest a broken bone as much as possible. A. Description B. Sequence C. Cause & Effect D. Problem & Solution E. Compare & Contrast