T/F
The purpose of a stop is to find evidence of a crime. a. True b. False
False
The purpose of the exclusionary rule is to deter misconduct by court personnel. a. True b. False
False
The exclusionary rule results in freeing guilty persons in only a relatively small proportion of cases. a. True b. False
True
The four categories of exceptions to the exclusionary rule are good faith, inevitable discovery, purged taint, and independent source. a. True b. False
True
The harmless error doctrine applies to Fourth Amendment violations. a. True b. False
True
A frisk is a search for evidence. a. True b. False
False
A frisk is automatically authorized after all stops. a. True b. False
False
A frisk should automatically follow a stop. a. True b. False
False
A motorist stopped by an officer for speeding is temporarily under arrest. a. True b. False
False
After a stop, an officer may frisk a person if the officer reasonably suspects the person is carrying drugs. a. True b. False
False
An arrest is a Fourth Amendment seizure of property. a. True b. False
False
An arrest warrant issued in one state is valid in all other states. a. True b. False
False
Case law on stop and frisk does not apply to motor vehicles. a. True b. False
False
Constructive seizure is accomplished by taking the person into custody with the use of hands or firearms. a. True b. False
False
For a stationhouse detention for the purpose of interrogation, reasonable suspicion is necessary. a. True b. False
False
Former Chief Justice Warren Burger was a strong supporter of the exclusionary rule. a. True b. False
False
Harmless error is when evidence erroneously admitted by the trial court did contribute to the conviction. a. True b. False
False
If police make a valid arrest of a person in an automobile, then the police are automatically entitled to search the trunk. a. True b. False
False
In a stop and frisk involving a motor vehicle, officers may search the entire vehicle for weapons. a. True b. False
False
In order for a stop to be constitutional it must take no longer than 15 minutes. a. True b. False
False
Mapp v. Ohio and Miranda v. Arizona were important in the additional powers of discretion they gave to law enforcement officers a. True b. False
False
Officers may use a frisk as a fishing expedition for evidence of crime. a. True b. False
False
Police can invite the media to ride along. a. True b. False
False
Police who make a valid arrest are automatically entitled to make a protective sweep. a. True b. False
False
Seizure under the Fourth Amendment is not as broad as the term arrest. a. True b. False
False
Standing is a legal concept that assists juries in determining guilt. a. True b. False
False
Stationhouse detention is a greater limitation of freedom than arrest. a. True b. False
False
The Fourth Amendment exclusionary rule does not apply in federal courts. a. True b. False
False
The Supreme Court has ruled that stopping a person based on race alone is unconstitutional. a. True b. False
False
The exclusionary rule applies to grand jury investigations and post-conviction sentencing. a. True b. False
False
The exclusionary rule may only be invoked by the defendant in the initial stages of criminal justice proceedings. a. True b. False
False
The exclusionary rule protects the constitutional right to privacy. a. True b. False
False
The exclusionary rule was first applied to federal prosecutions in Mapp v. Ohio. a. True b. False
False
The exclusionary rule was first applied to state prosecutions in Weeks v. United States. a. True b. False
False
The exclusionary rules does not apply to fruit of the poisonous tree. a. True b. False
False
The fact that a police officer tells a person, "You are under arrest," is sufficient to constitute an arrest. a. True b. False
False
The first case in which the U.S. Supreme Court utilized the exclusionary rule was Miranda v. Arizona. a. True b. False
False
The first case where the U.S. Supreme Court found stop and frisk to be constitutional was Alabama v. White. a. True b. False
False
The inevitable discovery, silver platter, and "fruit of the poisonous tree" doctrines are all currently exceptions to the exclusionary rule. a. True b. False
False
The least intrusive type of Fourth Amendment search and/or seizures is an arrest. a. True b. False
False
The police have the authority to detain a person briefly for questioning even without probable cause to believe that the person has committed a crime. a. True b. False
False
The silver platter doctrine is still in operation in state courts. a. True b. False
False
The taking of a person into custody against his will for the purpose of criminal prosecution is a capias warrant. a. True b. False
False
There are no limitations on what prisoners can do in habeas cases. a. True b. False
False
A consent to frisk based on submission to police authority is not a valid consent. a. True b. False
True
A fishing expedition is to see if some type of usable evidence can be found on the suspect. a. True b. False
True
A frisk is limited to a pat-down of a person's outer clothing. a. True b. False
True
A warrant issued when a person does not appear for a hearing is a bench warrant. a. True b. False
True
After making a valid stop of a vehicle, an officer needs no further justification to order a driver out of a vehicle. a. True b. False
True
An arrest is defined as the taking of a person into custody against his or her will for the purpose of criminal prosecution or interrogation. a. True b. False
True
An arrest is more intrusive than a stationhouse detention. a. True b. False
True
An arrest warrant for Mr. Kelso cannot be used to enter the home of other persons to arrest Mr. Kelso. a. True b. False
True
An arrest warrant is directed to, and may be executed by, any peace officer in the jurisdiction. a. True b. False
True
An officer cannot force a suspect who is stopped to reply to questions from the officer. a. True b. False
True
Detention must not be longer than that required by the circumstances, and it must take place by the "least intrusive means," meaning that it must not be more than that needed to verify or dispel the officer's suspicions. a. True b. False
True
Fruit of the poisonous tree evidence is excludable under the exclusionary rule. a. True b. False
True
If a suspect is booked, then an inventory search may be immediately conducted. a. True b. False
True
Illegally seized evidence is excludable under the exclusionary rule. a. True b. False
True
In Michigan v. Chesternut, the Supreme Court ruled that there is no single clear, hard-and-fast rule applicable to all investigatory pursuits. a. True b. False
True
In general, the more intrusive the search or seizure, the greater the Fourth Amendment protection. a. True b. False
True
In most jurisdictions, assuming probable cause, officers may make warrantless arrests for both felonies and misdemeanors if the offense is committed in the officer's presence. a. True b. False
True
Most arrests are made without a warrant. a. True b. False
True
One of the elements of arrest is arrest authority. a. True b. False
True
One of the four elements of an arrest is seizure and detention. a. True b. False
True
Persons stopped by the police cannot be forced to answer questions, but can be forced to identify themselves. a. True b. False
True
Police cannot invite the media to ride along. a. True b. False
True
Police officers are more professional as a result of the exclusionary rule. a. True b. False
True
Purged taint is when the defendant's subsequent voluntary act dissipates the taint of the initial illegality. a. True b. False
True
Reasonable force is force that a prudent and cautious person would use if exposed to similar circumstances. a. True b. False
True
Requiring a suspect to disclose his or her name in the course of a stop and frisk does not violate the Fourth or the Fifth Amendment. a. True b. False
True
Seizure in an arrest may be either actual or constructive. a. True b. False
True
Standing is a legal concept that determines whether a person can legally file a lawsuit. a. True b. False
True
Stop and frisk activities are governed by the Fourth Amendment. a. True b. False
True
Terry v. Ohio is the leading case on stop and frisk. a. True b. False
True
The Constitution requires that the police must announce their purpose before breaking into a dwelling. a. True b. False
True
The Fourth Amendment exclusionary rule does not apply to the activities of private citizens acting totally on their own. a. True b. False
True
The Fourth Amendment sometimes allows suspicionless stops of vehicles. a. True b. False
True
The Supreme Court held in the Terry case that police have the authority to detain a person briefly for questioning even without probable cause. a. True b. False
True
The Supreme Court uses a case-by-case approach to determine the reasonable length of time for a stop. a. True b. False
True
The equal protection clause prohibits stopping a person solely because of their race or ethnicity. a. True b. False
True
The exclusionary rule applies to illegally seized evidence (the primary evidence). a. True b. False
True
The exclusionary rule does not require suppression of evidence seized in violation of the Fourth Amendment where the erroneous information resulted from clerical errors of court employees. a. True b. False
True
The legal test to determine whether a seizure has occurred is the perception of a reasonable person based on a totality of circumstances. a. True b. False
True
The minimum level of proof required for an arrest is probable cause. a. True b. False
True
The plain touch doctrine requires that the object must be immediately apparent as contraband. a. True b. False
True
The procedure of searching airline passengers is easily justified based on a compelling state interest. a. True b. False
True
There are arguments for and against the exclusionary rule. a. True b. False
True
There are four elements to an arrest. a. True b. False
True
There are limitations to what prisoners can claim under habeas corpus a. True b. False
True
U.S. Supreme Court decisions strongly suggest that the exclusionary rule applies only to Fourth Amendment search and seizure cases. a. True b. False
True