The Classical Era

Boston

Where was William Billings born?

A. the German national anthem ("Germany Above All Else")

Which of the following became the best-known new text to use Haydn's melody for Emperor Franz II? A. the German national anthem ("Germany Above All Else") B. a text praising the people of Hamburg C. the British national anthem ("God Save the Queen") D. Psalm 23 (in Latin)

A. antecedent-consequent

Which of the following best describes the construction of themes in the first movement of Mozart's Symphony no. 40? A. antecedent-consequent B. small note-groupings repeated and varied C. exposition-development D. free-form

B. 4 movements: the first fast, the second slow, the third a minuet, and a fast finale

Which of the following best represents the typical sequence of movements in a Classical-era string quartet? A. 4 movements: the first slow, the second a minuet, the third fast, and an even faster finale B. 4 movements: the first fast, the second slow, the third a minuet, and a fast finale C. 5 movements: the first fast, the second a minuet, the third slow, the fourth a minuet, and a fast finale D.3 movements: the first slow, the second a minuet, and a fast finale

B. the cadenza

Which of the following parts of double-exposition concerto form sets it apart from sonata form? A. the exposition B. the cadenza C. the development D. the recapitulation

A. tenor

Which voice part carries the melody throughout "Chester"? A. tenor B. alto C. bass D. soprano

Comic opera or opera buffa

A genre that uses many of the same conventions as serious opera- arias, recitatives, ensembles, choruses- but with plots revolving around believable, everyday characters rather than mythical or historical figures.

B. rondo

Composers of the Classical Era liked to use which form for finales in part because they are jaunty and bright, with catchy melodies? A. minuet B. rondo C. binary D. fugue

D. longer, so people often socialized

Concerts in Haydn's time were much __________. A. longer, so people were able to leave B. shorter, so people were able to leave C. shorter, so people were able to talk D. longer, so people often socialized

Nicholas Esterhazy

Haydn worked for Prince ______ for almost 3 decades

D. triple

Haydn's minuet is typical because it is in which meter? A. quintuple B. duple C. quadruple D. triple

A. recapitulation

In sonata form, all themes appear in the tonic key in the ______. A. recapitulation B. development C. coda D. exposition

D. composer and pianist

In the 1780s, Mozart made a name for himself in Vienna as both a __________. A. violinist and pianist B. composer and conductor C. conductor and violinist D. composer and pianist

A. advances the story and move characters from one emotional state to another

In the context of The Marriage of Figaro, the trio "Cosa Sento" __________. A. advances the story and move characters from one emotional state to another B. gives the characters a chance to express their inner emotions to the audience C. sums up the actions of the previous act before the next act begins D. slows the action down as the characters argue over the best course of action

D. themes

In the first movement of Mozart's Piano Concerto in A Major, K. 488, which of the following elements are imbued with distinct moods, from calm to lyrical to energetic? A. keys B. instruments C. pitches D. themes

A. Berlin

In which of the following cities did Mozart spend the least time? A. Berlin B. Vienna C. Prague D. Paris

Da Capo

Italian for "from the head"; a direction to go back and play from the very beginning of the piece.

Coda

Italian for "tail." A section at the end of a musical work or movement that stands outside any formal structure and brings the whole to a close.

C. two violins, a viola, and a cello

Joseph Haydn's String Quartet in C Major, op. 76, no. 3, is written for a string quartet, which is comprised of __________. A. two violins and two violas B. two violins, a cello, and a bass C. two violins, a viola, and a cello D. a violin, a viola, a cello, and a bass

B. a three-act drama, such as The Wizard of Oz

Sonata form parallels which of the following? A. the ritornello form of Baroque concertos, such as Vivaldi's Winter B. a three-act drama, such as The Wizard of Oz C. a painting or sculpture that portrays a single "affect," or mood D. a comedy routine

D. embarrassed to triumphant

Over the course of "Cosa sento," Basilio's emotional state moves from __________. A. fearful to mortified B. outraged to astonished C. agitated to more agitated D. embarrassed to triumphant

Accompanied recitative

Recitative accompanied by the orchestra, as opposed to by basso continuo alone

Extramusical

Referring to an idea outside the sound. This term is used by ethnomusicologists to describe the equivalent of program music, in Western music.

Pentatonic Scales

Scale made up of five different tones, used in folk music and music of the far east.

C. the symphonies demonstrated that differing groups—winds, strings, percussion—could come together in harmony

Some in London considered Haydn's symphonies the model of an ideal society because __________. A. the symphonies were so universally loved they provided common ground for all walks of life B. each instrumental group—winds, strings, percussion—pursued its own ends C. the symphonies demonstrated that differing groups—winds, strings, percussion—could come together in harmony D. they felt that the conductor represented the King, the strings represented the nobility, the winds represented the merchants, and the percussion represented the peasants

C. he was already a celebrity

When Haydn came to London __________. A. he quickly made a name for himself B. he kept a relatively low profile C. he was already a celebrity D. his music was immediately rejected

D. audiences anticipate the music getting loud again

When the music of a symphony is played softly for a long time, __________. A. audiences are able to talk to each other B. here is time for a vocal solo C. the percussion section must keep the rhythm going D. audiences anticipate the music getting loud again

C. rounded binary form

A binary form in which the opening idea returns in the tonic key about halfway through the second section is called __________. A. ternary form B. rondo form C. rounded binary form D. da capo form

Rounded Binary Form

A binary form in which the opening idea returns in the tonic key about halfway through the second section, "rounding out" the form.

B. he included too many melodies for the audience to follow

A common criticism of Mozart's music was that __________. A. his melodies were beautiful, but his music was not harmonically rich enough B. he included too many melodies for the audience to follow C. his parts for the soloist were too simple and he didn't improvise his cadenzas D. his music was too simple and not expressive enough

Symphony

A large-scale work for orchestra, most commonly consisting of four movements.

Finale

A last movement of a multimovement work.

Sonata form

A musical structure consisting of an exposition, development, and recapitulation, allowing for the presentation, development, and resolution of multiple themes within a single movement. It was widely used throughout the Classical era and 19th century.

Periodic phrase structure

A musical structure in which antecedent and consequent phrase units make up a larger whole

half cadence

A point of musical arrival that is not yet closure. If thought of as punctuation, a half cadence is like a comma

Tremolo

A rapid back-and-forth repetition of one or two notes that gives a sensation of trembling

hymn

A sacred poem or song, often sung by a large group of worshippers

Chamber Orchestra

A small orchestra, usually with one player for each part. What counted for a large orchestra in Haydn's time would be considered a chamber orchestra today. There are no standard number of instruments or players for a chamber orchestra.

Double-exposition concerto form

A structure based on sonata form but with two expositions, one for the orchestra alone and one for the soloist and orchestra together. It also includes, near the end of the recapitulation, a cadenza for the soloist.

Minuet form

A ternary form (ABA) in which the opening section, known as the minuet proper (A), is followed by a contrasting trio (B), which is followed by a repeat of the minuet proper. The minuet is always in triple meter and its individual units—the minuet proper and the trio—are each in binary form.

A. contrafactum

A type of musical appropriation in which new words are set to an established melody is called a __________. A. contrafactum B. recitative C. revision D. rephrasing

A. periodic

A(n) __________ phrase structure includes antecedent and consequent units that together make a whole. A. periodic B. punctuated C. appropriate D. quartet

Rondo Form

A. A form in which an opening theme (A) returns repeatedly over the course of the movement, intersperse with contrasting ideas (B, C, etc). often outlined as ABACA or ABACABA

Age of Enlightenment.

A. Held that reason could bring humankind to a new age of splendor, freed from the dark superstitions of the past. Science became more important. The power to artists and thinkers lay in critical thinking and reasoned discussion, which persuaded the mind. Principles of clarity, proportion, and "naturalness".

Opera Buffa

A. Italian for "comic opera"; a genre that uses many of the same conventions as serious opera- arias, recitatives, ensembles, choruses- but with plots revolving around believable, everyday characters rather than mythical or historical figures.

string quartet

A. likened to a conversation between 4 close friends; no soloist stands out; instead all four instrumentalists are on equal footing. Haydn's has 2 violins, a viola, and a cello (representing SATB). Known as one of the more demanding of all musical genres. Had 4 contrasting movements

The Creation and The Seasons

After returning to Vienna, he produced two oratorios called _______ and _______

England

After the death of the Prince, Haydn made two extended tours to which country?

Vienna

Against his father's wishes, Mozart left Salzburg for ______.

antecedent phrases

In periodic phrase structure, an opening phrase, which sets up the consequent phrase to follow

Rounded binary form

Binary form in which the beginning or all of the first section returns in the tonic in the latter part of the second section.

C. orchestra supporting the soloist

During the second exposition of a double-exposition concerto form, which timbre is likely to dominate? A. soloist supporting the orchestra B. orchestra and soloist on equal footing C. orchestra supporting the soloist D. orchestra alone

D. His relative isolation and the prince's consistent approval allowed him to experiment and create an original style.

How did Haydn feel his employment with Prince Nicholas Esterházy affected his compositions? A. The prince kept a very tight entertainment budget, so Haydn was forced to economize by writing for small ensembles. B. Frequent trips to Vienna to hear concerts meant that Haydn's compositional style was quite conventional. C. The prince's high demands put a strain on him that often made it difficult for him to compose. D. His relative isolation and the prince's consistent approval allowed him to experiment and create an original style.

D. They sometimes burst into applause in the middle of the music.

How did concert audiences in Haydn's time differ from contemporary classical music audiences? A. They disliked any music that was new. B. They kept unfavorable opinions to themselves during the concert. C. They only socialized during the long intermissions. D. They sometimes burst into applause in the middle of the music.

A. It does not modulate

How does Mozart alter Theme 2 in the recapitulation in the first movement of Symphony no. 40? A. It does not modulate. B. It is no longer in the minor mode. C. It is played at a soft dynamic level. D. It no longer has antecedent-consequent structure.

D. There are two different expositions.

How does double-exposition concerto form differ from standard sonata form? A. There is no cadenza in the concerto form. B. The recapitulation restates themes from the exposition in the tonic. C. The development avoids the tonic. D. There are two different expositions.

C. ABA or sonata

If Haydn had not used a theme and variations form for the second movement of his String Quartet in C major, what other form(s) might he have chosen? a. Baroque concerto form B. rondo or sonata-rondo C. ABA or sonata D. minuet or call-and-response

B. It was not a loud and showy genre, but rather an intimate and thoughtful one..

In Haydn's time, why was the string quartet typically performed in private homes? A. Quartet musicians were typically somewhat reclusive and avoided the public eye. B. It was not a loud and showy genre, but rather an intimate and thoughtful one. C. Few composers wrote string quartets, so the genre did not really catch on until much later. D. It was not deemed sophisticated enough for the concert hall.

A. first violins

In a chamber orchestra, which instruments carry the melody the majority of the time? A. first violins B. winds C. trumpets D. cellos

Cadenza

In a concerto, an elaborate improvisation by the soloist on themes heard earlier in the movement, with no accompaniment from the orchestra. It occurs near the end of the recapitulation

D. soloist and orchestra

In a concerto, what two forces at times collaborate and at times compete? A. strings and winds B. conductor and composer C. pianist and conductor D. soloist and orchestra

B. half cadence

In a periodic phrase structure, an antecedent phrase will typically end with a __________. A. ascending leap B. half cadence C. full cadence D. half note

A. by giving concerts and teaching lessons

In adulthood, Mozart supported himself largely __________. A. by giving concerts and teaching lessons B. as a court musician in Vienna C. as a church organist in Salzburg D. finding wealthy patrons throughout Europe

consequent phrases

In periodic phrase structure, a closing phrase that follows an antecedent phrase and creates a sense of musical completion.

B. modulation

Moving from one key to another is called _______. A. antecendent-consequent B. modulation C. development D. counterpoint.

B. melodies

Mozart associates the different emotional states of the three singing characters in "Cosa sento" with contrasting __________. A. instruments B. melodies C. structures D. textures

A. in many different styles and genres, thanks to his genius and education

Mozart composed __________. A. in many different styles and genres, thanks to his genius and education B. mostly string quartets, symphonies, and other instrumental pieces C. mostly sacred music for the Archbishop of Salzburg, in hopes of getting a job D. primarily for his employer, the less-talented composer Antonio Salieri

1. giving public performances on piano 2. selling his published compositions, and 3. giving lessons in piano and composition

Mozart supported himself and his wife in 3 ways.....

D. comic opera

Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro is an opera buffa, meaning which of the following? A. mythic opera B. religious opera C. tragic opera D. comic opera

A. Mozart wrote the music, performed it, and sold his own tickets

Mozart's Vienna concerts in the 1780s made an impressive net profit in part because __________. A. Mozart wrote the music, performed it, and sold his own tickets B. there was little alternative entertainment in Vienna during that time C. the concert hall Mozart found to play in didn't charge him a fee D. Mozart was able to have his servant play the music he wrote

violinist; composer

Mozart's father was an accomplished ______ and _____.

keyboard

Mozart's sister excelled as a ______ player.

Mari Anna Mozart

Mozart's sister named _______ was also a child prodigy.

Nannerl

Mozart's sister's nickname was ______.

C. she chose not to pursue a career in performing

Nannerl Mozart didn't achieve the same renown as her brother because __________. A. she gave up performing in favor of composing B. she died young C. she chose not to pursue a career in performing D. she tried but failed to make a career as a performer

C. including dynamic surprises

One of the ways Haydn creates variety and interest in the sound of the third movement is by __________. A. bringing out the clarinets B. altering the binary form C. including dynamic surprises D. having a string quartet play certain sections

A. return of the opening theme about mid-way through the second section

Sonata form resembles rounded binary form in its __________. A. return of the opening theme about mid-way through the second section B. melodic contour C. emphasis on alternating orchestration D. two principal themes

Development

The (middle) section within a sonata-form movement that thematically and harmonically manipulates ("develops") the movement's themes most intensively.

1750;1800

The Classical Era lasted from the years ____ to _____.

C. disjunct motion and downward contour

The fourth melody in Mozart's Piano Concerto in A Major, K. 488 has a mostly __________. A. conjunct motion and upward contour B. conjunct motion and downward contour C. disjunct motion and downward contour D. disjunct motion and upward contour

Exposition

The section within a sonata-form movement that introduces ("exposes") all of the movement's themes.

B. the Count tries to seduce Susanna, but becomes jealous when he hears that Cherubino is paying attention to his own wife, the Countess

The situation of the characters in "Cosa sento" is somewhat ironic because __________. A. Basilio comes to give Susanna a music lesson, but he is not a very good singer B. the Count tries to seduce Susanna, but becomes jealous when he hears that Cherubino is paying attention to his own wife, the Countess C. Susanna is getting married the next day, but encourages the attentions of the men in the room D. Cherubino is supposed to be an adolescent boy, but the part is played by a woman

Recapitulation

The third and final section within a sonata-form movement, in which all the themes presented in the exposition return, all in the tonic key.

A. the tonic note on which it ends is in a high register

The third phrase of the main melody of Chester does not provide closure because __________. A. the tonic note on which it ends is in a high register B. it ends on the lowest note of the song C. it does not end on the tonic D. it ends in a half cadence

C. soprano, tenor, and bass (respectively)

The voice types of Susanna, Basilio, and the Count are __________. A. soprano, trouser role, and tenor (respectively) B. alto, bass, and baritone (respectively) C. soprano, tenor, and bass (respectively) D. trouser role, baritone, and bass (respectively)

C. rondo form

The way Mozart uses a recurring musical theme interspersed with contrasting melodic ideas in "Cosa sento" resembles __________. A. Baroque opera B. sonata form C. rondo form D. spoken drama

C. Cherubino

There are four characters onstage during "Cosa sento" from Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro. Which one is hiding in the beginning of the trio? A. Susanna B. Basilio C. Cherubino D. Count Almaviva

1.Orchestra alone 2.Soloist alone 3.Orchestra supporting the soloist 4.Soloist supporting the orchestra 5.Soloist and orchestra on an equal footing

Timber: the Drama of Contrast-List the five scenarios or different combinations between orchestra and soloist in a concerto.

"The New England Psalm Singer"

What is the title of the first published collection of musical works by an individual native-born American composer?

A. The differences in their vocal ranges make it easier to understand the words they sing.

Why are opera characters able to sing simultaneously? A. The differences in their vocal ranges make it easier to understand the words they sing. B. They usually are singing the same words so the audience can still understand them. C. Characters in opera sing simultaneously only when the action onstage is chaotic. D. It's not important to understand the words in opera, only to appreciate the music.

B. The theme was closely associated with Emperor Franz II, and the ideal emperor is steadfast and unchanging.

Why did Haydn choose not to vary the melody in the second movement of his String Quartet in C Major, op. 76, no. 3? A. Prince Esterházy challenged him to write a theme and variation in which the theme did not vary. B. The theme was closely associated with Emperor Franz II, and the ideal emperor is steadfast and unchanging. C. The first violinist was a celebrity who insisted on playing the melody the entire time. D. His musicians had little time to rehearse, so he had to keep the music simple.

A. It allows him to present a large quantity of text in a short time.

Why does Mozart use accompanied recitative in the middle of this scene? A. It allows him to present a large quantity of text in a short time. B. It introduces a new recurring melodic idea. C. The audience needs a break from so many melodies. D. It shows the virtuosity of the Count's voice.

B. Modern concert halls are larger, and the fortepiano does not produce enough sound.

Why might a pianist today prefer a modern instrument to the fortepiano? A. Modern pianos are inherently more intimate and expressive than fortepianos. B. Modern concert halls are larger, and the fortepiano does not produce enough sound. C. Fortepianos are much harder to play because their hammers are covered with leather rather than felt. D. Research has shown that modern audiences do not like the sound of the fortepiano.

Koto

a Japanese plucked zither with 13 silk strings stretched over its wooden board. The strings are stretched tightly and supported by 13 movable bridges that are adjusted during tuning. The player uses 3 picks to play this.

Theme and Variations form

a form where a theme is played then varied in subsequent sections; and outlined as A,A1,A2,A3,A4 etc.

Full cadence

a musical point of arrival that creates a strong sense of closure

Periodic phrase structure

a musical structure in which antecedent and consequent phrase units make up a larger whole

Contrafactum

a work setting new words to an established melody

musical appropriation

the use or adaptation of a work to serve something other than its original purpose

Chester

written by composer William Billings was the unofficial anthem of the American Revolution.