The Digestive System: Anatomy Review

1. List two main divisions of the digestive system. a. _____________________ b. _____________________

1. a. Digestive (alimentary) tract b. Accessory organs

. Starting from the ileocecal valve, trace the path of undigested material through the large intestine.

A. Cecum B.Ascending colon C. transverse colon D. descending Colon E. sigmoid colon F. rectum g. Anus

. _________ cells of the mucosa secrete hormones into the blood.

Enteroendocrine

From largest to smallest, list the three modifications of the small intestine's inner wall that function to increase surface area: Label two of the modifications of the intestine to increase surface area in the diagram below.

a,Plicae circularis b. Villi c. Microvilli

. List the four regions of the stomach:

a. Cardia b. Fundus c. Body d. Pylorus

. List the three sheets of muscle in the stomach's muscularis externa: Label the three sheets of muscle in the stomach's muscularis externa in the diagram below.

a. Circular b. Longitudinal c. Oblique

2. The four main layers of the digestive tract wall are a. ___________. b. ___________. c. ___________. d. ___________.

a. Mucosa b. Submucosa c. Muscularis Externa d. Serosa

List the 6 sphincters of the digestive tract:

a. UES (Upper Esophageal Sphincter) b. LES(lower esophageal) c. Pyloric d. Ileocecal e. Internal anal sphincter f. External anal sphincter

List, in order from the pylorus to the colon, the three regions of the small intestine:

a.Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Ileum

The single digestive function of the liver is to produce _____.

bile

label the vessels you listed in question 13 in the diagram below.

blood capillary , lymphatic (lacteal)

Absorption of nutrients occurs through the mucosal epithelium and into either _______ or ______ vessels.

blood, lymphatic (lacteal)

The microvilli of the small intestine's epithelial cells form the ______ border.

brush border

The muscularis mucosa has both ________ and _______ fibers that function in moving the villi to aid in digestion and absorption.

circular, longitudinal

The mucosa includes a type of columnar ________that forms the inner lining of the lumen

epithelium

Blood and lymph vessels of the mucosa are found in its ______ _______ connective tissue layer.

lamina propria

The function of epithelial goblet cells is to secrete ________.

mucin

The smooth muscle layer of the mucosa is called the ________ _______.

muscularis mucosa

The network of neurons in between the two muscle layers of the muscularis externa is the ___________

myenteric plexus

The main digestive enzyme-producing organ in the body is the ______.

pancreas

The two types of movements produced by contractions of the muscularis externa are ____________ and

peristalsis, segmentation

Three pairs of _____ _____ function to moisten food in the mouth.

salivary glands

The anus is lined with ______ _______ epithelium.

stratified squamous

The mouth, with its ____ ____ epithelium, is involved in both chemical and ____ digestion.

stratified squamous, mechanical

The built-in (intrinsic) network of nerve cells in the submucosa is the ______ ______.

submucosal plexus

The large intestine absorbs __________, __________, and ___________.

water, salt, vitamin K