The Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology: Chapter 10 Practice Test (Blood)

Which of the following is a measure of the percent of RBC in whole blood? 55%. The buffy coat. Hemocytometer. Hematocrit.

Hematocrit.

Which of the following is a hereditary bleeding disorder, commonly called the "bleeder's disease"? Hemophilia. Thrombocytopenia. Hemocytosis. Hematocrit.

Hemophilia.

Active macrophages that work in long-term cleanup of tissues are called __________. neutrophils eosinophils basophils lymphocytes monocytes

eosinophils

During hemostasis, hair-like molecules of protein form. This protein is ___________. elastin fibrin thromboplastin serotonin

fibrin Fibrin forms a meshwork to trap RBCs and form the basis of clots.

Unlike red blood cells, white blood cells _________. contain hemoglobin are biconcave have nuclei live for one week

have nuclei

Although it carries much oxygen, __________ is more attracted to pesticides and carbon monoxide. hemoglobin plasma thrombin white blood cells

hemoglobin

The rapid sequence of vascular spasms, platelet plug formation and coagulation is known as ________. hemostasis erythropoiesis hematopoiesis hemophilia

hemostasis

Formed elements of the blood: produce the constituents of plasma. include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. are megakaryocytes. carry salts and buffer the pH of blood.

include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. The rest of the blood is composed of plasma.

A decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood ___________. can lead to immediate death is caused from carbon dioxide leads to thrombocytosis is called, in any form, anemia

is called, in any form, anemia

When oxygen levels are low, the _______ is/are stimulated to release _________. liver, calcitonin long bones, thrombopoietin kidneys, erythropoietin bone marrow, erythropoietin

kidneys, erythropoietin

When too many abnormal WBCs are produced in the bone marrow, the body may become easy prey for bacteria and viruses. This condition is called _________. leukemia leukopenia leukocytosis anemiah

leukopenia

Each of the following is a characteristic of red blood cells EXCEPT that they ________. live about 30 days are formed in the red bone marrow are anucleate contain hemoglobin

live about 30 days

The fluid that leaks into the tissues from the blood is __________. useless harmful lymph plasma

lymph

The largest of all the white blood cells (WBCs) is the: eosinophil. monocyte. basophil. neutrophil. lymphocyte.

monocyte. These are the largest of all the white blood cells.

Hematopoiesis primarily occurs in: most flat bones and the epiphyses of certain long bones. the kidneys. the liver. irregular bones.

most flat bones and the epiphyses of certain long bones.

Fragments of megakaryocytes that rupture into pieces and are responsible for clotting are called ___________. WBCs RBCs antibodies platelets

platelets

Erythropoietin controls: the production of bone marrow. the rate of erythrocyte production. the kidneys by monitoring the amount of oxygen in the blood. how much oxygen the RBCs can carry.

the rate of erythrocyte production. Secretion of erythropoietin is regulated by oxygen levels in the kidneys.

While blood typing, the sample is mixed with anti-A serum and anti-B serum. There is no agglutination. You could conclude that: the sample is type A. the sample is type B. the sample is type AB. the sample is type O.

the sample is type O.

Type O blood is known as: the universal recipient. the universal donor. the least common blood type among the Caucasian population in the United States.

the universal donor. This is why blood banks will always need Type O donors to contribute blood.

Each of the following occurs when blood clots after a cut EXCEPT: platelets release clotting factor. thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin. thrombin converts fibrin into fibrinogen. fibrin filaments trap cells to produce a clot.

thrombin converts fibrin into fibrinogen.

The major function(s) of the water in plasma is(are): osmotic balance, pH buffering and clotting of blood. to transport oxygen and help in the transport of carbon dioxide. to act as a solvent for carrying other substances. regulation of membrane permeability.

to act as a solvent for carrying other substances.

Regarding the coagulation events which occur during the third phase of hemostasis, which of the following is the correct order of events? 1 - Prothrombin activator converts prothrombin, present in the plasma, to the enzyme, thrombin. 2 - PF3, a phospholipid that coats the surfaces of platelets, interacts with several other substances to trigger the clotting cascade. 3 - Fibrin is formed, which exists as a meshwork that traps RBCs and forms the basis of a clot. 4 - Injured tissues release tissue factor (TF). 2-1-3-4. 4-2-1-3. 3-1-2-4. 4-1-2-3. 4-2-3-1.

4-2-1-3. Normally, blood clots within 3-6 minutes.

The normal pH of blood is in the range of____; therefore, a pH of 7.10 would be a condition called ____. 7.00 - 7.15, alkalosis 7.35 - 7.45, acidosis 7.25 - 7.55, acidosis 7.35 - 7.45, alkalosis 7.25 - 7.55, alkalosis

7.35 - 7.45, acidosis The normal, slightly alkaline pH range of blood is in the range of 7.35 to 7.45. A pH of 7.10 would indicate the blood has become too acidic, a condition called acidosis.

A transfusion reaction is rarely fatal, but can cause which of the following? Fever, chills, and nausea. Agglutination, causing blockage of small vessels. Lysing of RBCs, releasing hemoglobin into the blood. All of the above.

All of the above.

Which type of WBC releases histamine at sites of inflammation? Neutrophil. Eosinophil. Basophil. Lymphocyte. Monocyte.

Basophil.

Which of the following terms is unrelated to the others? Phagocytosis. Blood clotting. Antibodies. Leukocytes.

Blood clotting. The other terms relate to immune responses.

Which type of WBC increases during allergic reactions and parasitic worm infections? Eosinophils. Basophils. Neutrophils. Lymphocytes. Monocytes.

Eosinophils.

The doctor sticks your finger, takes some blood, and does a WBC count. The count (12,500 cells/mm3) indicates leukocytosis. What could you conclude? It is a high WBC count, indicating a bacterial or viral infection. It is a low WBC count, caused by certain drugs and anti-cancer agents. You are perfectly healthy with no infections in the blood. You received a blood transfusion, and are having a transfusion reaction.

It is a high WBC count, indicating a bacterial or viral infection.

Which type of WBC has cytoplasm which appears as a thin rim around a spherical, or slightly indented, nucleus in histological microscopy? Neutrophil. Eosinophil. Basophil. Lymphocyte. Monocyte.

Lymphocyte.

What is the most numerous type of white blood cell, and is an active phagocyte that increases rapidly during acute infections? Neutrophil. Basophil. Eosinophil. Lymphocyte. Monocytes.

Neutrophil.

What is the function of the salts in the blood? The salts contain solutes, which carry other substances to the capillaries. Osmotic balance, pH buffering and regulation of membrane permeability. To help fight foreign invaders. Blood clotting.

Osmotic balance, pH buffering and regulation of membrane permeability. Salts help the blood maintain proper water balance and proper blood pressure.

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? To regulate body temperature. To increase fluid loss. To transport nutrients. To regulate pH.

To increase fluid loss. Blood itself cannot regulate fluid gain or loss.

A cerebral embolus can be caused from: a clot remaining in an unbroken blood vessel. a freely flowing clot moving throughout the heart. a clot that breaks away and attempts to flow through a vessel in the brain that is too narrow. a stroke.

a clot that breaks away and attempts to flow through a vessel in the brain that is too narrow.

A protein in the plasma which contributes to the osmotic pressure of blood is ________. elastin prothrombin albumin thrombin

albumin

Characteristics of RBCs include: multinucleate when mature; live about 100-120 days; carry oxygen. arise from a type of stem cell called hemocytoblast; multinucleate; about 100 RBC:1 WBC. anucleate when mature; contain hemoglobin; live 100-120 days. generated in reticulocytes; take 8 days to form; live 100-120 days.

anucleate when mature; contain hemoglobin; live 100-120 days.

In a normal sample of centrifuged blood, the buffy coat accounts for: approximately 10 percent of whole blood. all of the white blood cells and plasma. the top portion of the centrifuged blood. approximately 1 percent of blood volume.

approximately 1 percent of blood volume.

Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils are alike in that they __________. lack a defined nucleus are granulocytes release histamine are the only phagocytic leukocytes

are granulocytes Other types of white blood cells are agranulocytes.

An inadequate hemoglobin content in RBCs ____________. is called hemorrhagic anemia can lead to pernicious anemia can be a result of heavy menstrual flow or a bleeding ulcer, and is called iron-deficiency anemia causes sickle-cell anemia

can be a result of heavy menstrual flow or a bleeding ulcer, and is called iron-deficiency anemia

A woman with blood type O has a baby with type O. The father _______. must be type O only could be A, B or O; but in no way AB could possibly be AB is Rh-

could be A, B or O; but in no way AB The father is required to contribute only one gene for O.

The process by which white blood cells move into and out of the blood vessels is called __________. phagocytosis diapedesis endocytosis passive transport

diapedesis White blood cells can roam within blood and tissues in this manner to detect and attack pathogens.