The Fetal Face and Neck (Review Chapter 59)
Trigonocephaly
An elongated forehead in the sagittal plane and triangular in shape in the axial plane describes this abnormality
50%
Because ______ percent of cystic hygromas are associated with chromosomal anomalies, identification of one should be accompanied by a thorough anatomic survey.
Which one of the following statements about facial anomalies is CORRECT?
CORRECT: Facial anomalies occur as isolated defects or as part of a syndrome.
Native Americans
Cleft lip with or without cleft plate is seen more frequently in what group? Cleft lip with or without cleft palate is seen in 1 in 150-200 births in Native Americans; in 1 in 350 births in Asians; in 1 in 600 births in Caucasians; and in 1 in 3000 births in African Americans.
1 in 600 births
Congenital anomalies of the face occur in 1 in _______ births.
Evaluation of the nasal triad should include all of the following EXCEPT:
EXCEPT: Nostril Length INCLUDES: An evaluation of the nasal triad includes nostril symmetry, nasal septum integrity, and a continuity of the upper lip to exclude a cleft lip and palate.
Extensive facial screening may be hindered by all of the following EXCEPT:
EXCEPT: Polyhydramnios Polyhydramnios aids in facial screening.
Differential considerations for cystic hygroma include all of the following EXCEPT:
EXCEPT: Goiter INCLUDE: Differential consideration for cystic hygroma includes meningomyelocele, encephalocele, nuchal edema, brachial cleft cyst, cystic teratoma, and thyroglossal cyst.
Goldenhar Syndrome
Ear malformation may be observed with. May demonstrate abnormal ears, anophthalmia, and hernifacial microsomes.
Which one of the following statements about cleft lip and palate is FALSE?
FALSE: A complete bilateral cleft lip and palate is a SMALL gap in the left upper lip on the modified coronal view; the nose is flattened and widened. CORRECT: A complete bilateral cleft lip and palate is a LARGE gap in the upper lip on the modified coronal view; the nose is flattened and widened.
Which one of the following statements about an epignathus is FALSE?
FALSE: Swallowing IS NOT impaired in fetuses with epignathus. TRUE: Swallowing MAY BE impaired in fetuses with an epignathus
Which one of the following statements about the fetal face is FALSE?
FALSE: The maxilla and orbits are well imaged in a true sagittal plane. TRUE: The maxilla and orbits are well imaged in the coronal plane.
Which one of the following statements about a fetal goiter is INCORRECT?
INCORRECT: A fetal goiter appears heterogeneous CORRECT: A fetal goiter appears as a bilobed, solid, and homogenous mass arising from the anterior fetal neck. It is associated with maternal thyroid disease.
Which one of the following statements about the facial profile is INCORRECT?
INCORRECT: The facial profile has a strawberry-shaped cranium, which is described as a bulging of the occipital bones. CORRECT: The facial profile has a strawberry-shaped cranium, which is a bulging of the FRONTAL bones and WIDE OCCIPUT.
Which one of the following statements about neck teratomas is INCORRECT?
INCORRECT: They are usually located posteriorly. CORRECT: A neck teratoma is usually located anteriorly
Modified Coronal
Imagining plane is BEST for imaging the cleft Lip and Palate
An isolated unilateral cleft lip defect commonly originates:
On the left side of the face
Holoprosencephaly
Orbital fusion or proboscis suggests ______________ abnormality.
Craniosynostosis
Premature closure of the cranial sutures defines
Cystic Hygroma
Results from a malformation of the lymphatic system, which leads to single-lobulated or multiloculated lymph-filled cavities around the neck.
Micrognathia
Term describes a small chin
Cleft lip
The MOST common congenital animal of the face
Cystic Hygroma Colli
The MOST common neck mass (lymphatic obstruction).
Frontal
The nose is formed in three parts. The bridge of the nose originates from the __________ prominence.
11 to 13 weeks
The optimal gestational age for measuring the nuchal translucency is _________ weeks.