The functions of baroreceptors in case of hypertension include all of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following occur as stroke volume increases?

A. Systolic pressure increases more than diastolic pressure.

Deposition of material in the walls of arteries to form plaques is called

A. atherosclerosis.

In which of these blood vessels are blood pressure measurements most commonly taken?

A. brachial vein

The chemoreceptor reflexes

A. cause an increase in blood flow to the lungs.

When the concentration of carbon dioxide decreases in the tissue, the precapillary sphincters __________ causing blood flow to the tissue to _________.

A. contract; decrease

When the pH of the tissue increases, the precapillary sphincters __________ causing blood flow to the tissue to _________.

A. contract; decrease

Your coach says that you really need more strength and endurance in your quads so you head to the gym to work that group of muscles. Which of the following blood vessels is most likely supplying that muscle group with oxygenated blood?

A. femoral artery

The lower colon receives its blood from the

A. inferior mesenteric arteries.

The artery that supplies the urinary bladder, rectum, uterus, and vagina is the

A. internal iliac artery.

The arteries with walls that are mostly smooth muscle are

A. medium-sized (distributing) arteries.

Local control of blood flow

A. occurs because of contraction or relaxation of precapillary sphincters.

The enzyme initially released in response to a reduction in blood flow detected by the kidney is

A. renin.

The ____________ is (are) responsible for transporting blood to the upper limbs.

A. subclavian arteries

The ________ veins drain the adrenal glands.

A. suprarenal

Which of the following is most likely to be an elastic artery?

A. the ascending aorta

Concerning blood vessel walls,

A. the tunica adventitia is composed of connective tissue.

Stimulation of the vasomotor center in the medulla oblongata causes _____________ and therefore _______________ to the cardiac output.

A. vasoconstriction of the peripheral blood vessels, increases

In most vessels, epinephrine and norepinephrine cause ______ but in skeletal and cardiac muscle, these hormones cause ____________.

A. vasoconstriction; vasodilatation

Which of these have no smooth muscle in their walls?

A. venules

The arteries found in the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae are the

B. vertebral arteries.

Which of the following blood vessels have highest resistance to blood flow?

C. arterioles and capillaries

Regulation of peripheral resistance occurs most often in the

C. arterioles.

The most rapid decline in blood pressure occurs in the ___________ because of their ____ resistance.

C. arterioles; high

Baron von Quacko, famous tag-team heavyweight wrestler, has a famous "sleeper hold" that he uses on opponents. Using only a single digit on each hand, he presses on his opponent's neck (while he has them in a full nelson) until his opponent passes out. What are the structures on which he is pressing, and what is the effect?

C. baroreceptors in carotid sinus; peripheral vasodilation, decreased heart rate

The right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery branch from the

C. brachiocephalic artery.

The _____________ supply (supplies) blood to the face, nose, and mouth.

C. external carotid arteries

The _____ begins with capillaries in the viscera and ends with capillaries in the liver.

C. hepatic portal system

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, causes edema in the tissues because

C. it raises the capillary blood pressure, thereby driving water out of the capillaries and into the interstitial spaces at a higher rate than normal.

Inflammation of the veins is known as

C. phlebitis.

Which of these arteries branches to form the anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries?

C. popliteal artery

Which of these is NOT one of the large veins carrying blood to the heart?

C. pulmonary trunk

The adrenal glands receive their blood from the

C. suprarenal arteries

The ________ veins drain the testes in males.

C. testicular

The part of the descending aorta that extends from the thorax to the diaphragm is the

C. thoracic aorta.

If the figure shown is an elastic artery, what layer is the letter A representing?

C. tunica media.

Given these vessels: 1) arterioles 2) capillaries 3) elastic arteries 4) muscular arteries Arrange the vessels in the correct sequence that blood would pass through when traveling from the heart to body tissues.

D. 3, 4, 1, 2

Trace a red blood cell from the brachiocephalic artery to the thumb side of the hand. Although all of the arteries listed are included in the upper limb, not all will be used. 1) axillary artery 2) brachial artery 3) radial artery 4) subclavian artery 5) ulnar artery

D. 4, 1, 2, 3

An increase in which of these would produce an increase in mean arterial pressure?

D. Any of these would increase mean arterial blood pressure.

The body has several ways to keep blood moving forward through the veins. Which of the following does NOT explain how this happens?

D. The pumping of the venous endothelial contraction nodules (which act like a series of miniature hearts).

The ______________ is the part of the descending aorta that extends from the diaphragm to the common iliac arteries.

D. abdominal aorta

The _______________ is the longest portion of the aorta.

D. abdominal aorta

Edema would develop if

E. All of the choices are correct.

A portal system

E. All of these are correct

Regarding fluid movement through the capillaries,

E. All of these are true statements.

Which of these arteries are able to actively dilate and constrict?

E. All of these except elastic arteries show active dilation and constriction.

Which of these are factors that increase the likelihood of atherosclerosis?

E. All of these increase the likelihood of atherosclerosis.

Which of these regulatory mechanisms would occur in response to a sudden increase in blood pressure?

E. All of these responses would be expected.

Which of these would occur as a result of increased renin release by the kidneys?

E. All of these would occur.

Which of these conditions would stimulate the chemoreceptor reflex?

E. Of these, only increased carbon dioxide content of the blood and decreased pH of the blood would stimulate the chemoreceptor reflex.

Valves

E. are found both more often in the leg veins than in the arm veins and allow blood to flow only toward the heart.

Which of these chemical substances, when released into the blood, would cause blood pressure to decrease?

E. atrial natriuretic factor

A hormone that is released in response to an increase in blood pressure is

E. atrial natriuretic peptide.

Vasomotor tone

E. both occurs when action potentials travel through sympathetic vasoconstrictor fibers and keeps peripheral blood vessels in a partially constricted state.

The stomach, spleen, and liver receive their blood from the

E. celiac trunk.

The ______________ is (are) formed when the vertebral arteries unite at the base of the brain.

E. cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)

The systemic vessels

E. have all of these properties.

Parietal arteries that branch from the thoracic (descending) aorta

E. include both the posterior intercostal arteries and include the superior phrenic arteries.

Epinephrine causes

E. increased heart rate, stroke volume and vasoconstriction of blood vessels to the skin and viscera.

Which of these vessels would blood from the cranial vault NOT pass through as it returned to the heart?

E. neither external jugular veins nor subclavian veins.

A blood pressure reading of 120/80,

E.Indicates the diastolic pressure would be sufficient to lift a column of mercury 80 mm and would be considered normal for a resting young adult male are both true statements.

If a normal person has a blood pressure reading of 120/80 mm Hg, by comparison a person with arteriosclerosis might have a reading of

A. 150/60 mm Hg.

The portion of the aorta that gives rise to the coronary arteries is the

A. ascending aorta.

When cells become active in a certain area of the body, the blood flow to the capillaries in that area must _____ to provide more ____.

A. increase, O2

The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. 1) right atrium 2) left atrium 3) right ventricle 4) left ventricle 5) superior & inferior vena cava 6) aorta 7) pulmonary artery 8) pulmonary vein 9) mitrial/bicuspid valve 10) tricuspid valve 11) pulmonary semilunar valve 12) aorta semilunar valve What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering the heart from the BODY and leaving for PULMONARY CIRCULATION?

B. 5, 1, 10, 3, 11, 7

In severe cases of shock

C. a positive feedback cycle develops.

As you work your quads, you notice that the tissue in that part of the leg is pinker (flush with increased blood flow). What has caused this increase in blood flow to the quads?

B. an increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the tissue.

The part of the aorta that gives rise to the left common carotid artery is the

B. aortic arch.

Capillaries

B. are a location of gas and nutrient exchange.

Which of these arteries might a red blood cell encounter if it started in the left ventricle and went to the brain?

B. brachiocephalic artery

Arteries

B. carry blood away from the heart.

The vessels that supply blood to most of the brain tissue are branches off of the _____ at the base of the brain.

B. cerebral arterial circle

Which of these statements concerning the normal pathway of blood flow is NOT correct?

B. from the pulmonary veins to the right atrium

A patient, Aldo S. Terone, was found to have severe arteriosclerosis of his renal arteries, which reduces renal blood flow. Which of these would be consistent with that condition?

B. hypertension (high blood pressure)

Blood from the descending colon and rectum is carried to the hepatic portal vein by the

B. inferior mesenteric vein.

Blood flow through capillaries is regulated by

B. precapillary sphincters.

The ________ veins drain the kidneys.

B. renal

The kidneys receive their blood from the

B. renal arteries.

Which of these is NOT an unpaired visceral branch of the abdominal aorta?

B. superior phrenic artery

The first vessel to branch from the aortic arch is the

D. brachiocephalic artery.

If the figure shown is an elastic artery, the layer letter B is pointing to is composed of

D. endothelium and basement membrane

Which of these is a superficial vein of the lower limbs?

D. great saphenous vein

The _____________ contain(s) baroreceptors.

D. internal carotid arteries

The artery that transports blood to the left upper limb is the

D. left subclavian artery.

The ________ veins drain the ovaries in females.

D. ovarian

Functions of the peripheral circulation include all of the following EXCEPT:

D. pumps blood into the arteries

When the by-products of metabolism build up in the tissue spaces, the precapillary sphincters _________ causing blood flow to the tissue to _________.

D. relax; increase

When the pH of the tissue decreases, the precapillary sphincters __________ causing blood flow to the tissue to _________.

D. relax; increase

The small intestine, pancreas and upper colon receive their blood from the

D. superior mesenteric artery.

Which of the following is most likely to be classified as a muscular artery?

D. the superior mesenteric