The Knee and Related Structures
Which of the following endpoints indicates a first-degree sprain to a ligament? A. Firm with little or no instability and some pain present B. Soft with some instability present and moderate pain C. Soft with marked instability with mild pain D. Abrupt with no pain
A. Firm with little or not instability and some pain present
A patella usually dislocates in what direction? A. Lateral B. Medial C. Anterior D. Posterior
A. Lateral
A painful condition involving partial or complete separation of a piece of articular cartilage or subchondral bone is which of the following? A. Joint mice B. Osteochondritis dissecans C. Osgood-Schlatter disease D. Larsen-Johansson disease
B. Osteochondritis dissecans
The quadriceps muscles primary job is to do which of the following? A. Flex the knee B. Rotate the knee C. Flex the hip D. Extend the knee
D. Extend the knee
Which of the following muscles allows for internal rotation of the tibia? A. Biceps femoris B. Vastus medialis C. Gastrocnemius D. Popliteus
D. Popliteus
What type of brace can be used for patellar tendonitis? A. Functional brace B. Prophylactic brace C. Neoprene Sleeve D. Tendonesis strap
D. Tendonesis strap
28. Mensical tears heal well without intervention due to their vascularity.
False
Abnormal tracking of the patella that results in chondromalacia usually occurs in the medial direction.
False
Both varus and valgus stress tests should be performed with the knee in a fully extended position.
False
Jumper's knee is tendinitis of the hamstring tendon caused by repeated landing stress.
False
One of the characteristics of a first-degree medial collateral ligament sprain is moderately restricted motion.
False
Protective knee bracing has been noted to definitely protect and prevent knee injuries; therefore they are recommended to be worn by all athletes.
False
When performing an Apley's compression test a medial mensicus tear can be detected with internal rotation of the tibia and a lateral meniscus tear can be detected with external rotation of the tibia.
False
A third degree medial collateral ligament sprain usually presents with some valgus instability at full extension and significant opening at 30 degrees of flexion.
True
An acute patellar dislocation is often associated with the sudden twisting of the body while the foot or feet are planted.
True
The medial meniscus is prone to disruption by valgus and torsional forces.
True
The medial mensicus is much more commonly torn or injured than the lateral mensicus
True
The anterior cruciate ligament prevents which of the following? A. Varus stress B. Valgus stress C. Posterior movement of the femur on the tibia in weight-bearing D. Anterior movement of the femur on the tibia in weight-bearing
C. Posterior movement of the femur on the tibia in weight-bearing
Which of the following is a cause of chondromalacia? A. Strong quadriceps muscles B. Abnormal patellar tracking C. Carus deformity at the knee D. Supination of the foot
B. Abnormal patellar tracking
The Lachman's Test is used to evaluate stability of which of the following? A. Medial collateral ligament B. Anterior cruciate ligament C. Meniscus D. Patellar femoral joint
B. Anterior cruciate ligament
Feelings of locking are associated with injury to which structure? A. Bone B. Cartilage C. Ligament D. Muscle
B. Cartilage
Most injuries to the medial collateral ligament result from blows to what aspect of the knee? A. Medial B. Lateral C. Anterior D. Posterior
B. Lateral
Which of the following structures is the main source of stability in the knee? A. Which of the following structures is the main source of stability in the knee? A. Menisci B. Ligaments C. Bones D. Cartilage
B. Ligaments
Which of the following structures have the responsibility of cushioning the knee during impact activity? A. Cruciate ligaments B. Menisci C. Femoral condyles D. Collateral ligaments
B. Menisci
Which of the following injuries would NOT cause a joint effusion? A. Meniscal tear B. Patellar tendinitis C. Anterior cruciate ligament tear D. Medial collateral ligament tear
B. Patellar Tendinitis
Ideally the hamstring muscles should be what percentage to the strength of the quadriceps muscles? A. 40-55 B. 50-60 C. 60-75 D. 70-85
C. 60-75
The anterior cruciate ligament is most often injured during what phase? A. During deceleration with the knee in varus and the tibia internally rotated. B. During acceleration with the knee ins varus and the tibia externally rotated C. During deceleration with the knee in valgus and the tibia internally rotated D. During acceleration with the knee in valgus and the tibia externally rotated
C. During deceleration with the knee in valgus and the tibia internally rotated
Which of the following is the bursa that commonly becomes inflamed from overuse of the patellar tendon? A. Prepatellar bursa B. Superficial infrapatellar C. Suprapatellar bursa D. Deep infrapatellar bursa
D. Deep infrapatellar bursa
Injury to the lateral collateral ligament most commonly occurs when the lower leg is internally rotated and the knee is suddenly forced outward.
True
Most patellar fractures are the result of indirect trauma in which a severe pull of the patellar tendon occurs against the femur when the knee is semi-flexed.
True
Proper physical conditioning is a critical component of preventing knee injuries.
True
Swelling in the back of the knee may be a sign of Baker's cysts.
True
Which of the following is correct regarding an injury to the lateral collateral ligament? A. Results from external rotation of the tibia B. Is relatively common injury C. Can be managed the same as an injury to the MCL D. Results in major disability
C. Can be managed the same as an injury to the MCL
What mechanism is most likely to injure the medial meniscus? A. A varus force B. Hyperextension C. A valgus force D. A valgus force with rotation
D. A valgus force with rotation
After a first time patellar dislocation, the athlete is commonly immobilized for a minimum of how many weeks? A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five
C. Four
Running, cutting, and figure-8's are examples of what type of testing? A. Strength B. Stress C. Functional D. Range of motion
C. Functional
Which of the following is a condition common to runners and cyclist characterized by pain and irritation over the lateral femoral condyle? A. Pes anserine tendonitis B. Jumper's knee C. Iliotibial band syndrome D. Biceps femoris tendonitis
C. IT Band Syndrome
The mechanism of injury that leaves the posterior cruciate ligament at greatest risk for injury is which of the following? A. Hyperextension of the knee B. Falling with the knee bent and the foot dorsiflexed C. Landing on the anterior aspect of the bent knee with the foot plantar flexed D. A valgus stress with the knee fully extended
C. Landing on the anterior aspect of the bent knee with the foot plantar flexed
Which of the following ligaments protect the knee from valgus stress and external tibial rotational forces? A. Anterior cruciate B. Posterior cruciate C. Medial collateral D. Lateral collateral
C. Medial collateral
Which of the following conditions is NOT a problem associated with the extensor mechanism? A. Osgood-Schlatter B. Jumper's knee C. Osteochondritis D. Patellar tendonitis
C. Osteochondritis
An athlete who has immediate, significant swelling following an injury is displaying signs consistent with an injury to which of the following? A. Cartilage B. Capsule C. Meniscus D. Cruciate ligament
D. Cruciate ligament
In general, the posterior cruciate ligament stops excessive rotation, stabilizes the knee in full extension, and prevents hyperextension.
False
What is the most common mechanism of injury for a patellar dislocation? A. The knee is flexed and internally rotated B. The foot is planted and the knee is in valgus C. The knee is extended and externally rotated D. The foot is planted and athlete cuts in same direction
B. The foot is planted and the knee is in valgus
For a grade III medial collateral ligament sprain, the recommended treatment is surgical repair followed by vigorous rehabilitation.
False
The Medial aspect of the patella is wider than the lateral; this accounts for the vast number of partial dislocations of the kneecap.
False