The Linux Bash Shell
&>
Creates a new file (or overwrites existing) for both standard output AND standard error.
crtl + P
Does the same as the up arrow
.bashrc .profile
Each user home directory contains ________ and _______ as the main configuration files in bash
crtl + E
Move cursor to end of line
crtl + A
Move cursor to start of line
crtl + S
Searchs forward in the command history.
export VARIABLE=content
Set environment variables at the command line
<>
Specified file will be used for standard input and standard output
<<
Takes text as standard input
unset VARIABLE name
To delete an environment variable use
env
View all environment variables by typing ________ at the command line
/etc/profile /etc/bashrc
____________ and _____________ are the global customizations for all user shells
$FCEDIT $EDITOR
_____________ and ___________are environment variables that define the default text editors.
2>>
appends standard error to an already existing file if the file does not exist it is created.
>>
appends standard output to a file or creates the files if it does not currently exist
xargs
build and execute command lines from standard input
cat -n
cat option that will number the lines of a file
unexpand
convert spaces to tabs
expand
convert tabs to spaces
>
creates a new file or overwrites an existing file for standard output
2>
creates or overwrites a files for standard error
cut -c
cut option that cuts specified list of characters from input files
crtl + X + backspace
deletes all characters from cursors current position back
crtl + D
deletes characters and moves down the line
crtl + K
deletes the entire line
crtl + N
does the same as the down arrow
od
dump files in octal and other formats
head -c
head option to specify the number of bytes to view
crtl + R
in shell allows you to search .history file. (pressing repeatedly will keep searching till you find the command your looking for)
sed
is a stream editor. Used to perform basic text transformations on a input stream. W
cat
is a tool for combining files specifically and is short for the word "concatenate"
exec
is used to execute a command when you want the program to replace the shell process. When the program terminates it will terminate the shell. Normally running a program by calling it's location will start another process along the shell.
less
is used to page through files. Most man pages are launched with ______ and you can use ______ to launch and view files. It is not used for editing, just viewing. The same commands of VI apply to ______.
join
join lines of two files on a common field
paste
merge lines of files
crtl + B
move backward within a line
crtl + F
move forward within a line
nl
number lines of files
head
output the first part of files, echos first 10 lines of the file
tail
output the last part of files
cut
print selected parts of lines from each file to standard output
tee
read from standard input and write to standard output and files
uniq
report or omit repeated lines
pwd
shows current working directory
fmt
simple optimal text formatter
sort
sort lines of text files
split
split a file into pieces
Time
tells you how long the system took to execute the command following this command
crtl + G
terminates the search function (escape does the same thing)
head -n
to specify the number of lines to view (head option)
tr
translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input, writing to standard output.
crtl + T
transpose text moves character down the line
set
various options for the Linux shell. Use this command to customize the shell.
history -c
will clear all of your history.
Esc then u
will convert the entire word to uppercase
Esc then c
will convert the letter above the cursor to upper case
join -i
will ignore case when using the join command
|
will redirect the first program's standard output to the second programs standard input.
./program
will run the program named "program" inside of your current working directory
wc
word count of a selected file
sort -k
you can use this sort option separeated by comma's to change what field it sorts on.
