The Lymphatic System

Antibodies are classified by size, location and function, and ________ represents the most common type of immunoglobin

IgG

transports lymph in the body

Lymphatic vessel

Which of these cells is a phagocytic leukocyte that can engulf a foreign bacterium?

Macrophage

B cells that have been stimulated by interleukin-2 develop into _____.

Plasma cells

Which of the following types of T cells is a critical component of the immune system because it stimulates and enhances the activity of other components of the immune system?

T helper cell

The best way to defend the body from a viral infection is to prevent the infection by using a vaccine.

True

Which of the following is characteristic of T lymphocytes but not B lymphocytes?

direct attack of antigen-bearing cells

Lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks

its own connective tissue.

Fever is caused when __________ release __________.

macrophages; pyrogens

Which of the following leukocytes kills its target cells by releasing chemicals that break down the target cell membrane?

natural killer cells

Body defenses that respond to damage to tissues and cells are referred to as

non-specific mechanisms

inflammation

nonspecific defense mechanism

natural killer cells

nonspecific defense mechanism

earwax

physical or chemical barrier

An antibody response to the second exposure to antigen differs from the response to the initial antigen encounter in that

the response is more rapid, longer lasting and is larger by comparison to the initial encounter.

Tears and saliva contain the enzyme dermicidin, which is effective in preventing bacteria from entering the human body

False

The first type of white blood cell to arrive at the site of an infection is the eosinophil.

False

When considering transfusions or transplants, it is more difficult to match blood than to match tissue types because blood cells have more self-markers on their surface.

False

_____ interact with the antigen-class II MHC complex presented by macrophages

Helper T cells

Filters microorganisms and cellular debris from lymph

Lymph Nodes

Removes microorganisms and old red blood cells from the blood

Spleen

Once a macrophage engulfs a bacterium, what is the fate of the foreign cell?

The bacterium is killed by digestive enzymes released from lysosomes.

Which of the following is true regarding lymph nodes?

They filter lymph fluid.

Secretes hormones important in the maturation of T cells

Thymus

filters out microorganisms that enter the throat by food or air

Tonsils

Indicators of "self" to your immune system are referred to as MHC proteins

True

Any substance that produces an inappropriate response of the immune system is referred to as

an allergen.

Antibiotics kill bacterial cells but do not (usually) damage human cells by taking advantage of the difference between human and bacterial cells. These differences include

bacterial cells have cell walls, human cells do not

Which of the following is associated with the specific defenses of the body?

cell-mediated immunity

migrate through blood and lymph, directly attacking and destroying foreign cells

cytotoxic T cells

The following is a list of steps involved in the process of phagocytosis. Which of the following answers puts these steps in the correct order? 1. lysosome fuses with vesicle containing a foreign cell 2. wastes from the foreign cell are removed 3. foreign cell is surrounded by the cell membrane of the phagocyte 4. lysosomal enzymes break down the foreign cell 5. foreign cell contained within a vesicle

3, 5, 1, 4, 2