The Mouth

Inferior mucous membrane or lower lip

Is thicker than the superior mucous membrane. Lies posterior to the upper mucous membrane.

Dime gap

Keep in mind when tightening the mouth closure, you should be able to slide a dime between the upper and lower teeth

zygomaticus minor

Muscle of the face. Draws the upper lip superiorly and laterally.

Risorius muscle

Muscle of the mouth that draws the corner of the mouth out and back, as in grinning. (Posteriorly) Extends from the skin over the masseter muscle to the corners of the mouth

The mouth tends to be asymmetrical

Often one end of the line of closure of the mouth is often slightly more inferior and posterior to the other

Dental prognathism

(buck teeth) oblique insertion of the teeth. Can occur in the maxilla

Temporalis

- a broad muscle arising in the temporal cavity and inserting in the mandible. - a muscle of mastication and is the strongest chewing muscle. - assists in side-to-side movement of the mandible

Masseter

- a muscle arising from the zygomatic arch and inserting in the mandible - a muscle of mastication - it closes the madible

Appearance of Lips

-Cupid's Bow -Columella Nasi -Philtrum -Philtral Column (or ridge) appearance of lips and adjustment of jaws greatly affect the overall appearance of the face

digastric muscle

A double-bellied muscle of the neck, which attaches to the mastoid process and mandible. Draws the hyoid bone superiorly This muscle depresses the mandible. When one opens their mouth they are depressing the mandible.

levator anguli oris

A small muscle at the angle of the mouth. Elevates the angle of the mouth.

Alveolar prognathism

An abnormal protrusion of the Alveolar Process(es). sometimes the alveolar process of the teeth sockets will protrude. Usually will cause the same protrusion in both lips because it is connected to the maxilla and mandible

orbicularis oris

Flat band around the upper and lower lips that compresses, contracts, puckers, and wrinkles the lips.

Process of Maxilla

Frontal process of maxilla - the ascending part of the upper jaw, which gradually protrudes as it rises beside the nasal bone to meet the frontal bone

Prognathism

Projection of the jaw or jaws beyond the forehead that may cause problems with mouth closure and alignment of the teeth. (BUCKTEETH)

Mouth Closure

Relieve rigor if present Disinfect oral and nasal cavities, swab them clean Remove & disinfect dentures and bridgework, clean thoroughly Pack the throat Replace dentures or bridge work Close the mouth observing the natural bite Secure the mandible using one of several methods of mouth closure Pose the lips (Generally the line of lip closure is at the inferior margin of the upper teeth). Remember the classic hunting bow Embalm the body After embalming always check the mouth for moisture or purge Seal the mouth

Vertical standard for prognathism

Standard line is formed along the medial line of the maxilla and the medial line of the glabella

Lateral boundries of the nasolabial folds

Superiorly the mouth is bound by the base of the nose Inferiorly the mouth is bound by the junction of the lower integumentary lip

Superior Integumentary Lip

The area between the base of the nose and the superior margin of the superior mucous membrane; skin portion of upper lip

Inferior Integumentary Lip

The area between the inferior margin of the inferior mucous membrane and the mental eminence. skin portion of the lower lip

nasolabial fold

The eminence of the cheek adjacent to the mouth; extending from the superior part of the posterior margin of the wing of the nose to the side of the mouth; a natural facial marking

Mandibular Sulcus

The furrow (sulcus) beneath the jawline (mandibular), which rises vertically on the cheek. acquired facial marking

nasolabial sulcus

The furrow originating at the superior border of the wing of the nose and extending to the side of the mouth. a acquired facial marking

Labiolmental sulcus

The junction of the lower integumentary lip and the superior border of the chin, which may appear as a furrow; a natural facial marking

Weather line

The line of color change at the junction of the wet and dry portions of the mucous membranes. the area where adhesive is applied to keep the lips closed

line of closure of the mouth

The line that forms between the two mucous membranes when the mouth is closed and the lips come in contact with each other. Usually located at the lower border of the upper teeth. Has the shape of the classic hunting bow.

Center of expression

The mouth is considered to be the center of expression of the deceased

Superior mucous membrane or upper lip

The upper margin has the shape of the classic hunting bow. The medial lobe is found in the center of the membrane. Narrows laterally as it disappears before reaching the end of the line of closure. Contains two high peaks slightly off center on either side of a dipping curve.

Labial Sulci

The vertical furrows on the lip extending from within the mucous membranes into the integumentary lips. acquired facial marking

Philtrum

The vertical groove located medially on the superior lip; a natural facial marking

Platysma

Thin layer of muscle covering the anterior aspect of the neck Wrinkles the skin of the neck and chest. Also depresses the mandible and anguli oris, as in pouting Draws down the lower lip and angles of the mouth; tenses skin of the neck; helps depress mandible

Mentalis

This muscle is located on the tip of the chin. Depresses the lower lip inferiorly and slightly lateral

angle of mandible

a bony angle formed by the junction of the posterior edge of the ramus of the mandible and the inferior surface of the body of the mandible; marks widest part of lower 1/3 of face.

alveolar

a consonant that is articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge (which is on the roof of the mouth between the upper teeth and the hard palate)

Depressor

a muscle of facial expression that arises from the mandible to insert into the anguli oris Depresses the angle of the mouth muscle associated with frowning

depressor labii inferioris

a muscle of facial expression which draws the lower lip inferiorly and slightly lateral

levator labii superioris

a muscle of facial expression which elevates and extends the upper lip

levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

a muscle of facial expression which elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostril opening; the common elevator

alveolar process

a ridge that forms the borders of the upper and lower jaws and contains the sockets of the teeth Spongy bone surrounding the teeth

Condyle

a rounded eminence at the articulating end of the bone; the posterior process of the ramus of the mandible. can be associated with a jaw dislocation

mental eminence

a triangular projection on the inferior portion of the anterior mandible

zygomatic process of maxilla

bony projection of the maxilla that articulates with the zygomatic bone

Dental prognathism

buck teeth - oblique insertion of the teeth; front teeth protrude, prevents lips from closing normally. Most likely a dental prognathism will be accompanied by a receding chin

palatine bones

consist of two bones that are located at the back part of the nasal cavity behind the maxillae. These bones help form the back part of the roof of the mouth, part of the floor and outer wall of the nasal cavity, and a very small portion of the floor of the orbit

body of mandible

curve-shaped, horizontal, and lowest part of lower jaw. It contains alveolar processes for the teeth, as the maxilla does

zygomaticus major

extends from the cheekbone to the angles of the mouth. Draws the upper lip posteriorly, superiorly, and laterally as in smiling or laughing

The mouth is two __ wide.

eyes

Verticle lines of the mucous membrane

fine lines located on the mucous membrane

palatine process

forms the anterior portion of the hard palate (roof) of the mouth also forms parts of the nasal cavity and eye orbits

Verticle thickness measured

from the colmna nasi to the upper red lip, usually lower red lip will be thicker than upper

Bimandibular width

is measured by a straight line between the two angles of the mandible and is used in photographic analysis for restoration

Proportions of the mouth

lower 1/3 of the face, it is between the base of the nose and the bottom of the chin

Mandible

lower jaw bone, horseshoe-shaped, consists of two portions - the body and the ramus

Mandibular prognathism

protrusion of the inferior jaw; this is a protrusion of the mandible beyond the median of the upper lip. May manifest itself as a protrusion of the chin (Sometimes referred to as Bulldog Jaw)

Maxillary prognathism

protrusion of the superior jaw; this type of protrusion will be anterior and lateral causes a fullness in the form of the entire upper lip

In normal repose, the upper and lower teeth are slightly

separated

Hunting bow Pattern

shaped as a bent wood weapon with a central belly; resembling a cupids bow

incisive fossa

the area between the mental eminence and the inferior incisor teeth

Infra-nasal prognathism

the base of the nasal cavity protrudes abnormally

Buccinator

the principle muscle of the cheek. Originates in the skin over the molar teeth and inserts into the skin at the anguli oris (corners of the mouth) It makes up part of he angulus oris eminence. compresses the cheeks and forms the lateral wall of the mouth It produces the action of sucking

Angulus Oris Eminence

the small convex prominence lateral to the end of the line of lip closure of the mouth; a natural facial marking

Bucco-facial sulcus

the vertical furrow of the cheek; an acquired facial marking

mucous membrane

the visible red surfaces of the lips; the lining membrane of body cavities that open to the exterior

coronoid process

thin, flattened process projecting from the anterior portion of the upper border of the ramus. serves as the insertion of the temporalis muscle of mastication (chewing) from the temporal cavity above, which may need injections of tissue builder

Medial lobe

tiny prominence on the midline of the superior mucous membrane

medial lobe

tiny prominence on the midline of the superior mucous membrane

lacrimal bones

two bones located in the medial walls of each orbit between the ethmoid and maxillary bones. they resemble a fingernail in shape

Maxilla

upper jaw bone

ramus of mandible

vertical portion of the mandible. It is wide, flat, and quadrilateral in shape

Inferior Integumentary Lip Profile

will be between the inferior margin of the inferior mucous membrane and the mental eminence

Superior Integumentary Lip Profile

will be from the columna nasi to the upper red lip