The Progressive Era
Jacob Riis
A Danish immigrant, he became a reporter who pointed out the terrible conditions of the tenement houses of the big cities where immigrants lived during the late 1800s. He wrote "How The Other Half Lives" in 1890.
16th Amendment
Allows the federal government to collect income tax.
18th Amendment
Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages. Shortly after the amendment was ratified, Congress passed the Volstead Act to provide for the federal enforcement of Prohibition.
Scientific Management
The application of scientific principles to increase efficiency in the workplace, hired experts from different fields in each area.
Ida Tarbell
Wrote "The History of the Standard Oil Company"
Upton Sinclair
Wrote "The Jungle" which led to passage of the Federal Meat Inspection of 1906.
Lincoln Steffens
Wrote "The Shame of the Cities," exposed how corrupt most U.S cities were
What change to the constitution was intended to lessen the wealth gap in society and make up for the lost revenue brought by the government for the changing tariff?
16th Amendment
Elkins Act
1903 law that authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission to impose heavy fines on railroads that offered rebates, and upon the shippers that accepted these rebates. The railroad companies were not permitted to offer rebates. This forced railroads to charge the same prices to all their customers.
Hepburn Act
1906 law that allowed Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate the maximum charge that the railroads place on shipping goods.
Settlement House
A house where immigrants came to live upon entering the U.S. At Settlement Houses, instruction was given in English and how to get a job, among other things. The first Settlement House was the Hull House, which was opened by Jane Addams in Chicago in 1889. These centers were usually run by educated middle class women. The houses became centers for reform in the women's and labor movements.
Lochner v. New York
A landmark US labor law case in the Supreme Court, which held that limits to a working time violated the 14th Amendment.
Theodore Roosevelt's 3 C's
Control of Corporations- Roosevelt wanted to eliminate the wealth gap, and prevent a social revolution from occurring. He did this through suing Northern Securities ran by JP Morgan Consumer Protection- Roosevelt aspires to protect the consumers as the government was established to protect all people. He passed the Meat Inspection Act of 1906, and The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 Conservation- Roosevelt wanted to conserve the land, while others wanted to preserve it. Roosevelt conserved some land, while setting the rest aside for industrialization. He did this through the New Lands Reclamation Act, and establishing many national parks that are still present today.
Good Trusts v. Bad Trusts
Developed by Roosevelt. He felt that all trusts were not bad. A good trust helped society, a bad trust harmed society with bad business practices.
17th Amendment
Direct election of senators.
What Progressive Era law made it illegal to accept or provide rebates for railroad service?
Elkins Act
David Phillips
Exposes corruption by US senators in cosmopolitan
Jane Addams
Founder of the largest settlement house in Chicago called Hull House, that provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes.
Trust-busting
Government activities aimed at breaking up monopolies and trusts.
Robert LaFollette
Governor of Wisconsin who was seen as one of the most famous Progressive leaders. His "Wisconsin Idea" was the model for state progressive government.
19th Amendment
Granted women the right to vote.
Theodore Roosevelt's Rise to Presidency
In 1901 Theodore Roosevelt became president because he was the vice president of William McKinley, but then McKinley died causing Theodore Roosevelt to become president. Roosevelt allowed for the government to rule again, and take control during the Progressive Era.
Why is Lochner v NY seen as a setback for Progressive ideology?
Lochner v NY is seen as a setback for progressives because protection is taken away from workers. Their hours are no longer limited, and they have no control on how long they work.
Was Roosevelt considered a trust-buster?
No, Roosevelt was seen as a trust regulator. William Howard Taft was seen as the real trust buster. In 4 years, Taft broke up 90 trusts, in 7 years Roosevelt broke up 45 trusts.
Muller V. Oregon
Oregon enacted a law that limited women to 10 hours of works in factories and laundries. Muller challenges it after he orders a female employee to work longer hours. Court ruled that Oregon's law was constitutional. Considered a win for progressive reformers but equal-rights feminists were against the ruling.
1902 Coal Strike/result/Roosevelt's role/Square Deal
Pennsylvania miners went on a strike demanding a 20% raise, 9 hour workday, and the right to organize a Union. Roosevelt intervened when the nation's coal resources began to run low. The Square Deal contributed to Roosevelt's 3 C's, and helped equally distribute pay amongst people, and make sure everything is fair. The Square Deal dealt with domestic affairs.
The Meat Inspection Act of 1906
Required the government to send inspectors to places that produce and export meat throughout the country.
Why was Theodore Roosevelt put forth as a Vice Presidential Candidate in 1900 by the Republican leaders in NY State?
To get Roosevelt out of New York State politics, where he was a progressive reformer. The conservative Republicans felt they could not control Roosevelt, and nominated as William McKinley's running mate in the election of 1900. However, this plan backfired when McKinley was assassinated in 1901, causing Theodore Roosevelt to become the new president of the United States.
