The Quest for Universal Human Rights

Which of the following are examples through which technologies innovations have been successfully used to promote human rights?

-When a solar-powered internet network allowed villages in Uganda to get access to crop info and thus to improve their yields and incomes -when Egyptian protestors in 2011 used twitter to publicize videos of police violence

The following factors show how globalization has helped in promoting human rights:

-information technology has made it easier for human rights NGO's to communicate with their stakeholders and put greater pressure on governments to comply with human rights standards -Due to advances in technology and gains in literacy and education, more people know about women rights. -social media platforms have allowed people to organize even when governments try to limit free speech and assembly.

Where second-generation rights require a proactive government to take action on behalf of its citizens, third-generation rights require ________________:

-international cooperation -solidarity

What are some examples through which globalization challenges state sovereignty?

-international organized crime has become so powerful in some places that it controls territory and large segments of a states population -MNC's can more easily move across borders and escape regulation by governments -Technology has made it possible to put pressure on a state by facilitating communication that goes around government restrictions -International financial institutions can grant of withhold resources and overrule the decisions of states.

Cultural relativism is based on the notion that:

-local traditions trump the rights in the UDHR -the final authority in determining for the rights of a citizenry lies with the people and their government

The concept of R2P, developed by the UN, shows the growing importance of human rights by:

-putting forward the idea that states have the responsibility to intervene in situations where a state failed to protect its population from genocide, CAH and war crimes -stressing that states have the responsibility to protect their populations

What are the ways in which the UN supports human rights?

-the UN promotes knowledge and public support through educating publics about human rights - They help implement human rights through enforcement activities - the UN helps formulate international human rights standards through treaties and declarations -the UN helps implement human rights through economic development

What are reasons for why the US didn't ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights until long after the treaty had gone into effect?

-the Us had concerns that ratifying the treaty could erode its national sovereignty -the US was reluctant to expose itself to international criticism

What was the immediate context for why the UDHR was drafted?

-the horror of over 50 million dead in WWII -the terrible atrocities committed during WWII, the Holocaust

What are some of the ways in which MNC's can promote human rights?

-they can use their access to markets around the world as a way of build networks based on real-time data exchanges allowing the UN faster response time during emergencies -through public private partnerships they can help develop the technology needed for the UN or NGOs to get more date on human rights issues

As discussed in the context of Uruguay, what is the role of a human rights rapporteur?

-to ensure justice and compensation for survivors of human rights abusers -to assess progress in discovering the truth about past atrocities committed in the country

Which of the following are some of the ways through which celebrities can affect human rights?

-using their celebrity status to raise awareness -funding Human rights Organizations -acting as UN Goodwill Ambassadors

How many countries voted against the UDHR in 1948?

0

When was the UDHR adopted?

1948

The U.S. President Jimmy Carter signed the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in 1977. When did the US ratify the treaty?

1992

The Universal Declaration of Human rights is typically divided into ___ generations, or categories.

3

How many countries abstained from voting on the UDHR in 1948?

8

Which regions have the most cases currently before the ICC?

Africa

First-generation rights are influenced by the philosophical tradition of ______ whereas second-generation rights are influenced by the tradition of _______.

Capitalism, socialism

Which of the following is a first-generation right?

Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion

Which of the following is an example of two-generation rights?

Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work

Which generation of human rights includes freedom of speech and assembly?

First

Which of the following of human right NGOs?

Human Rights Watch Amnesty International

Universalism is represented by the idea that:

Human rights are accorded to everyone regardless of citizenship or status

In what conflict in 2011 did the UN invoke the principle of R2P (Responsibility to Protect) as justification for military intervention?

Libya

What is the name of the idea that argues the international community has a responsibility to intervene in situations where a state fails to protect its population from genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes?

Responsibility to Protect

After the Cold War, the UN created international criminal tribunals to persecute individuals responsible for ethnic cleansing, genocidal violence, and CAH in which of the following countries?

Rwanda and Yugoslavia

What is the name of the key human rights document of the post-WWII era?

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

What is the difference between a treaty and a declaration?

a treaty is a legally binding instrument whereas a declaration is a statement of principles

The following factors show how globalization has helped in promote human rights:

due to advances in technology and gains in literacy and education, more people know about human rights

Where first-generation rights are often associated with the rights of _____ people, second and third-generation rights reflect the rights of ______ people.

individuals, groups of

The international Criminal Court:

is currently investigating cases involving defendants who come mostly from African states

While NGOs do not have official membership status at the UN, they do have important influence through their close cooperation with _______________:

the Economic and Social Council

Which UN organ can authorize military action to enforce human rights?

the Security Council

First-generation rights are also known as negative rights because:

they prohibit certain government action and are therefore based on the absence of government interference

The difference between a negative and positive obligation imposed on states by human rights rests on:

whether and how much action a government needs to take to ensure that rights are protected.

Which of the following is not true about the role of technology in human rights?

whether people live in developed or underdeveloped countries, technology has benefitted everyone -technology can't be used for positive and negative purposes at the same time

Sovereignty assumes:

That countries are self-governing, that they have territorial integrity, self-determination and are free from external pressures

Prior to the creation of the UDHR, what document first mentioned human rights?

The Preamble to the UN Charter