The Scientific Revolution
John Locke (the enlightenment)
-Tabula Rasa: born with a clean state -Belief in natural rights (Life, Liberty, Property) -Government of the people (foundation of the USA)
The Enlightenment promoted...
A belief in logic, secularism, and science.
Beccaria (the enlightenment)
Against brutal punishment and abolished torture
What were the causes and effects of the Scientific Revolution?
Causes: Renaissance encouraged curiosity, investigation, discovery, modern day knowledge. Caused people to question old beliefs. During the era of the Scientific Revolution, people began using experiments and mathematics to understand mysteries. Effects: New discoveries were made, old beliefs began to be proven wrong.
Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes (the scientific revolution)
Developed scientific method
Peter the Great
For Russia -Attempted to westernize Russia through reforms -Created the new capital St. Petersburg
__famously disagreed with the Church on the matter of what is at the center of the universe.
Galileo
Galileo (the scientific revolution)
-Published observations of the sky -Made the telescope stronger -Conflict with catholic beliefs
Montesquieu (the enlightenment)
-Viewed England's government (Executive, Legislative, Judicial) -Foundation for modern powers; separation of powers; checks and balances
What is Absolutism and where did it mainly take place?
It is the political belief that one ruler should have all the power within the boundaries of a country. Took place majority in Europe.
__had a large influence on the Declaration of Independence.
John Locke
Scientific Revolution
Started when scholars began publishing works that challenged the ideas of ancient thinkers and the church. Replaced old theories with new ones. Introduced a way of thinking about the natural world that involved careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs.
Secularism
The principle of separation of the state from religious institutions.
Mary Wollstonecraft (the enlightenment)
Urged women to break from male-dominated society -Founder of women's rights
The Scientific Revolution is credited with many discoveries/inventions, including ___
Vaccines
Thomas Hobbes (the enlightenment)
Was an English philosopher who is considered one of the founders of modern political philosophy.
__advocated women's rights.
Wollstonecraft
The Social Contract was...
a theory on consent to govern coming from the people
Absolute monarchs were defined by their actions to...
centralize power
James I
For Britain -Divine Right of Kings -Conflicts with parliament will lead to civil war under his successor
Elizabeth I
For Britain -Repealed English laws that favored Catholics -Act of Supremacy
Louis XIV
For France -"sun king" -Palace of Versailles -3 areas of royal authority -Fought many wars that put a burden on the peasant taxes
Scientific Rev. nutshell
Instruments Human anatomy Vaccines
Newton (scientific revolution)
Laws of motion and universal gravitation
Enlightenment monarchs
Most enlightened monarchs fostered education and allowed religious tolerance, freedom of speech, and the right to hold private property.
__ is credited with starting the scientific revolution by theorizing a heliocentric universe.
Nicolaus Copernicus
__attempted to westernize Russia.
Peter the Great
Effects of the Enlightenment
Revolutionary ideas about government and economy. Spoke of God-given rights and how the people should be more powerful than the government. Influenced the American constitution
______believed that a true democracy was the only legitimate form of government.
Rousseau
The______ helped scientists question and observe through experimentation
Scientific Theory
What was the ultimate symbol of absolutism in Europe?
Versailles Palace
Kepler (scientific revolution)
-Elliptical orbits -Reinforced heliocentric
The Scientific Revolution caused
Application of logic and reason in society.
Effects of Scientific Revolution
Intellectual gap between people widened New way of observing the world Discoveries in medicine, physics, and biology due to use of scientific method Advancements in technology
The Enlightenment
An 18th century European philosophical movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society.
Voltaire (the enlightenment)
-Beliefs; tolerance, reason, freedom of religion and speech. -Foundation for modern day citizen's rights
Rousseau (the enlightenment)
-Believed in individual freedoms -Government should be a true democracy -Inspired the French Revolution
Nicolaus Copernicus (the scientific revolution)
-Believed in the heliocentric theory -Feared repercussions of his new ideas
Thomas Hobbes believed all humans were inherently...
selfish and evil
Montesquieu emphasized a belief in...
separation of powers
