The Worlds of Islam and Christendom Chapters 9 and 10

In Ethiopian tradition, who was the founding monarch of the kingdom?

The son of Solomon and the Queen of Sheba

What was the Mongol attitude toward Christianity?

They appreciated Christianity's permissiveness regarding food and drink and a number of prominent Mongols converted.

Which of the following was true of early Sunni Muslims?

They believed that political leaders should be selected by the Islamic community.

Which of the following statements best represents the experience of elite women during the Abbasid dynasty?

They experienced greater restrictions than in the past.

Which of the following statements best describes the appeal of the Christian Church to local warlords and rulers in pagan northern Europe?

They found status and legitimacy by being associated with the literate and civilized Christian Church.

What effect did the Crusades have on relations between the Eastern and Western churches?

They led to worsening relations, as Western Christians saw Eastern orthodoxy as blasphemous and soon came to attack the Byzantines.

Which of the following is true of Bedouin society on the Arabian Peninsula before Muhammad?

They lived in fiercely independent clans that frequently engaged in bitter blood feuds with one another.

What role did Sufi holy men play in the establishment of Islam in West Africa before 1500 C.E.?

They played very little role.

What was the early attitude of Islam toward Jews and Christians?

They recognized both as "people of the book" and treated them honorably in return for a special tax.

What attitude did the Mongols take toward Christianity in their empire?

They welcomed Christians along with various other faiths.

Which of the following statements is true of women in early Islam?

They were accepted as equals before God, but faced increasing social restrictions over time.

What happened to the Muslims of Spain when the Christian reconquest was completed in 1492?

They were granted freedom of worship, but had to suffer restrictions on the practice of their faith, before being expelled in the early seventeenth century.

Which of the following statements best describes the treatment of conquered peoples by the Arabs in the century following Muhammad's death?

They were largely tolerant of the monotheistic faiths practiced by their subjects.

Which of the following statements best describes the serfs of Medieval Europe?

They were peasant laborers bound to their masters' estates.

What did the Kievan Rus, the first state to form in the Slavic world, have in common with the first third-wave civilizations in Southeast Asia and East Africa?

They were stimulated by trade that passed through their regions.

Why were Sufi holy men so successful in India?

They were willing to accommodate local gods and religious festivals.

What stimulated the emergence of the Kievan Rus state in the ninth century?

Trade

What was the experience of Turkic women in Anatolia as compared to their Arab counterparts to the south?

Turkic women were freer.

Which of the following statements is true of Anatolia after the Turkish conquest?

Turkish authorities offered material rewards in return for conversion.

Which Islamic people established the Sultanate of Delhi in 1206 C.E.?

Turks

Into which region did the most significant and long-lasting expansion of Orthodox Christianity occur?

Ukraine

Which of the following was the least significant development in Islamic history during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries?

Various Crusades

Which of the following statements is true of Europe in about the year 1000 C.E.?

Weather was in a long warming trend, leading to improved agricultural production.

Which of the following was a practice of the Western Catholic Church but not of Eastern Orthodoxy?

Western Christians believed the pope to be the supreme authority over the Church while Eastern Christians didn't. (this issue is why the churches formally broke)

Which of the following statements best describes Christian Europe in the centuries after 1000 C.E.?

Western European Christianity was growing in importance, while Eastern Orthodox Christendom declined.

Which of the following statements is true of women in the early Islamic period before the formation of the Arab Empire?

Women experienced fewer restrictions during this earlier period than once the empire was established.

Which comparison is true of China and Europe's economies by the fifteenth century?

Women in both regions experienced declining opportunities to control portions of the economy.

Which of the following was a protection offered to women in the Quran?

Women were given control over their property and greater inheritance rights.

During the Middle Ages, a group of people in the same line of work who associated together to regulate their trade was known as a

guild.

In which part of Egyptian society did Coptic Christianity persist?

Among the literate, urban elite

Which two regions did the Turks bring Islam to through invasion?

Anatolia and India

What was true of religious life in Arab society at the time of Muhammad's birth in 570 C.E.?

Arabs were aware of Christianity and Judaism, but continued to practice their own faith.

Which of the following statements best describes the impact of foreign religions on Arab society before the emergence of Islam?

Arabs were aware of Christianity, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism, but continued to practice their own faith.

Which of the following is true of the Coptic Christians of Egypt?

Before the Muslim conquest, the Byzantine rulers of Egypt viewed Coptics as heretics.

What does the Chinese Buddhist establishment during Tang dynasty China and the Christian Church in Western Europe around 1000 C.E. have in common?

Both became quite wealthy.

Why did the Turkic intrusion into Anatolia generate a much more thorough Islamization than in India?

Byzantine civilization was focused on centralized institutions of state and church.

Which of the following statements best describes Byzantium's encounter with the Arabs between 500 and 800 C.E.?

Byzantium lost considerable territories to the Arabs but survived the invasion.

What is the term for a system in which the church is closely tied to the state, with the secular ruler playing a role as head of the church?

Caesaropapism

What is another name for the Nestorian church that possessed communities in Syria, Iraq, and Persia?

Church of the East

What was the Byzantine Empire?

Continuation of the eastern half of the Roman Empire

Which of the following encouraged many subjects of the early Muslim Empire to convert to Islam?

Conversion aided social mobility.

What effect did crusading have on Spain?

Crusading brought Spain back under Christian rule.

These brothers were missionaries to the Slavs and their development of a script in which to write Slavic languages helped spread both Christianity and literacy.

Cyril and Methods; are regarded as the apostles to the Slavs; Byzantine brothers who lived in the ninth century, their development of Cyrillic script made it possible to translate religious writings into Slavic languages.

Which Muslim holy building was constructed on the site of the first two Jewish temples in Jerusalem?

Dome of the Rock

Which of the following was a practice of the Eastern Orthodox Church but not the Western Roman Catholic Church?

Eastern Orthodox Christians were led by married priests, while Roman Catholic clergy were celibate.

What important factor led to the decline of Christianity in Africa and Asia between 500 and 1500 C.E.?

Emergence of Islam

What event marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar?

Emigration of Muhammad and his followers to Medina

What Muslim concept clashed with India's caste system?

Equality of believers; the concept that all believers were equal before God contrasted sharply with the hierarchal assumptions of the caste system.

Which African Christian community survived relatively intact between 500 and 1500 C.E.?

Ethiopian Christians

Which statement best describes the relationship between Germans and Roman culture in early medieval Western Europe?

Germans were quick accept much of Roman culture.

What cultural legacy did the Byzantine Empire preserve and transfer to the Islamic world and Christian West?

Greek learning

What were Beguines?

Groups of laywomen in northern Europe who devoted themselves to a religious life

When were the Jews expelled from al-Andalus?

In the fifteenth century C.E. following of the final conquest of al-Andalus by the Christian rulers Ferdinand and Isabella.

Which of the following regions was most influenced by Arab culture when it converted to Islam?

Iraq

Which of the following statements best describes Islam in West Africa around 1500 C.E.?

Islam was a religion largely confined to the urban elites of West Africa.

What role did the Arabic language play in West Africa?

It became an important language in religion, education, administration, and trade.

Which of the following statements best describes the history of the Nubian Christian church to 1500 C.E.?

It had largely disappeared by 1500 C.E. (replaced by Islam)

How was Arian Christianity different from Orthodoxy?

It held that Jesus was created by God the Father, and was not co-eternal with him.

Which of the following statements best describes the hajj in the Islamic faith?

It is a core element of the Islamic faith.

In which of the following ways is Islam different from Christianity?

It never developed a professional clergy.

Which of the following was a reason why African rulers converted to Islam?

It offered a source of literate government officials.

In what way was Islam a reaction against the growing wealth and commercialism of Meccan society?

It sought to return to the older values associated with Arab tribal life.

What was the investiture conflict in Western Europe, which reached its height in the eleventh and twelfth centuries?

It was a controversy over the right to appoint bishops and the pope.

Which of the following statements best describes Mecca in the sixth century C.E.?

It was a pilgrimage and trading center.

What was feudalism?

It was a political and social system in which power was largely in the hands of a landholding warrior elite who swore allegiance to greater lords or kings.

Which of the following statements best describes how Orthodox Christianity spread among the Rus?

It was adopted freely, without coercion.

Why did Jews view the site of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem as sacred?

It was believed to be the site where Abraham prepared to offer his son Isaac as a sacrifice to God.

Which of the following statements best describes the position of Western Europe in world history during the third-wave era?

It was distinctly on the margins of world history.

Which of the following statements best describes Western Europe in the early Middle Ages?

It was politically fragmented and largely rural.

Which of the following statements best describes the spread of Islam in West Africa?

It was voluntary process, spread by merchants.

Which of the following statements is true of the kingdom of al-Andalus in the tenth century C.E.?

Its capital at Cordoba was among the largest cities in the world.

What does the Quran teach about men and women at a spiritual level?

Men and women are equal.

Who first introduced Christianity into Nubia?

Merchants

Which of the following helped the Islamic community to rapidly extend its reach throughout Arabia in the 620s C.E.?

Military success

Which of the following statements is true of Anatolia in the period 1000-1500 C.E.?

Most of the population converted to Islam and adopted the Turkish language.

What was al-Andalus?

Muslim-ruled Spain

What was the dominant sect of Christianity in Syria, Persia, Iraq, and China?

Nestorian

Which region of Europe was dominated by independent city-states in the fourteenth century?

Northern Italy

Which Germanic king overthrew the last Roman emperor in 476 C.E., bringing to its end the Roman Empire in the West?

Odoacer, Germanic general

Which of the following statements best describes the treatment of Jews in Europe during the crusading period?

On occasion Crusaders on their way to Jerusalem massacred Jewish communities.

What distinguishes the early history of Islam from that of Christianity?

Only Christianity was a sometimes persecuted minority faith in its formative centuries.

Which was the most powerful empire in the Islamic world in 1500 C.E.?

Ottoman Empire

Who conquered Constantinople in 1453 C.E.?

Ottoman Turks

What was the main source of administrative practices and court practices in the Islamic world?

Persian tradition

What was Allah in Arab society?

Preeminent god in pre-Islamic Arab society

Indulgences given by the pope to Crusaders granted which of the following benefits?

Removal of penalties for confessed sins

People from which European land crossed the Atlantic Ocean around the year 1000 C.E. to establish colonies?

Scandinavia

What faith that blended elements of Hindu and Muslim beliefs was founded by Guru Nanak at the opening of the sixteenth century?

Sikhism; blended the notion of a single all-powerful God from Islam with Hindu ideas of karma and rebirth.

In which region was Islam ultimately unsuccessful in establishing itself?

Southern Spain (defeated by their Christian counterparts)

What is the meaning of the word "jihad"?

Struggle

Who were Hafiz and Rumi in the Islamic tradition?

Sufi poets

In what Islamic tradition did women find the greatest opportunities for active participation?

Sufi tradition

Why were the Arabs able to build such a large empire in the century following the death of Muhammad?

The Byzantine and Persian empires had been awakened by decades of war.

What was a critical factor that made Byzantine political culture different from that of Western Europe?

The Byzantine emperor's religious authority

What led to the decline of Christianity in China in the ninth century?

The Chinese state turned against all religions of foreign origin.

What facilitated the adoption in the Middle East of domesticated crops including rice, sugarcane, lemons, limes, coconut palms, spinach, and cotton from South and Southeast Asia following the emergence of Islam?

The Muslim conquest of northwestern India led to these crops being introduced to the Middle East.

Which of the following statements best describes the long-term history of Islam in India?

About a quarter of India's population ultimately became Muslim.

What is "social conversion"?

Acceptance of another religion as a move to another social group.

When did Islam spread from urban centers into rural areas in West Africa?

After 1800 C.E.

Which Muslim ruler of Spain reversed a long-standing policy of religious tolerance in the tenth century C.E.?

Al-Mansur