Theories of Counseling

A Gestalt technique that involves having clients become aware of the many preparatory means they use in bolstering their social roles is:

the rehearsal experiement

Which of the following ego-defense mechanisms is a way of burying a disapproving thought or behavior?

Repression

What is the root of therapist authenticity in the therapeutic process?

Self-awareness

Which of the following is not a Gestalt therapy technique?

Shame attacking exercises

When reviewing informed consent with a client, it is important to:

Strike a balance between giving clients too much information and giving them too little, Have the basic information about the therapy process in writing, AND Address the goals, responsibilities, expectations of the clinician and client, confidentiality limits and exceptions, fees, benefits and risks involved, and the length of treatment.

What does "Duty to Warn" refer to?

The duty of the counselor to inform third parties or authorities if a client poses a threat to himself or herself or another identifiable individual.

Which of the following is not a contribution of the Adlerian approach? a) The evidence-based techniques that can be used in both individual and group counseling. b) The impact of Adler's ideas on other therapy approaches. c) The shift from a deterministic view of human nature to a phenomenological orientation. d) The application to group counseling.

The evidence-based techniques that can be used in both individual and group counseling

Which of the following is not true of Gestalt therapy?

The focus is on the past

Which of the following is a limitation of the existential approach in working with culturally diverse client populations?

The focus on one's own responsibility rather than the focus on social conditions.

During a therapy session, Joanne reports feeling really guilty about not spending enough time with her children. She describes a situation in which she and her family were at a restaurant and her kids were whining and making a scene. She immediately gave them an i-pad to entertain them so they would be quiet and she would not have to deal with them. She reports doing this often instead of finding ways to interact or even compromise with them. What personality part would a psychoanalytic therapist say is dominating in these situations?

The id.

Which child generally receives a good deal of attention, tends to be dependable and hard-working, and strives to keep ahead?

The oldest child

According to the Gestaltist view:

The power is the present

A client recalls a dream in therapy that they tripped and fell into a large body of water. The therapist interprets this dream as signifying a degree of uncertainty in the client's life. Which of the following statements is true about this scenario?

The therapist's interpretation represents the latent content of the dream.

Existential therapy places emphasis on:

both the quality of the client/therapist relationship and finding meaning in a meaningless world.

Which statement is true regarding theory integration?

A therapist should be cautious when integrating theory

Which of these components are the most important part of our mental health according to Adler?

A person's social interest.

Which of the following did Adler emphasize? a) A unique style of life that is an expression of life goals. b) The direction people are headed toward. c) The importance of community. d) Adler emphasized all of the above choices

Adler emphasized all of the above choices

How might a therapist avoid imposing their values on a client? a) By exploring the client's expectations and goals through questions, while maintaining respect towards the client's values. b)By creating a climate in which clients can examine their own thoughts, feelings, and actions so they themselves can arrive at solutions best for them. c)All of the above are ways to avoid imposing values on a client. d)By collaborating with the client on developing therapeutic goals

All of the above are ways to avoid imposing values on a client.

Roger's basic assumptions were that people: a) have a vast potential for self-understanding and resolving their own problems. b) are capable of self-directed growth c) are essentially trustworthy d) none of these choices e) all of these choices.

All of these choices

The Gestalt approach can be applied to: a) school and classroom situations. b) individual counseling c) group counseling d) intensive workshops. e) All of these choices.

All of these choices

Which of the following is (are) false regarding Gestalt therapy? a) Modern Gestaltist use vigorous confrontation techniques. b) Gestalt therapists emphasize use of cognitive techniques. c) Gestalt group work has been proven ineffective. d) Insight is the key to behavior change. e) All of these choices.

All of these choices

The concept of fictional finalism refers to:

An imagined central goal that guides a person's behavior.

Minimizing the risk of dual or nonprofessional client relationships might include: a) Setting healthy boundaries. b)Answers a and c only. c) Referring your clients to someone else when you cannot avoid a dual relationship. d) Consulting with fellow professionals (i.e. supervisor) about client relations.

Answers a and c only.

Of all the issues, one of the biggest issues faced by beginning therapists is:

Anxiety

This is a higher level of ethical practice that goes above and beyond the bare minimum to consider what is in the best interest of the client and to act with great integrity and social responsibility.

Aspirational ethics

In the text, reason(s) given for having counseling students receive some form of psychotherapy include:

Becoming a self-actualized person AND Learning to deal with countertransference

Which of the following is NOT considered an essential skill of a culturally effective counselor?

Being able to get clients to intensify their feelings by helping them to vividly re-experience early childhood events.

These are areas that practitioners should consider when addressing ethical dilemmas:

Brainstorm various possible courses of action AND Review the relevant ethical codes

The limits of confidentiality include: a) Cases involving a primary care provider requesting client records. b) Cases involving child, elderly, dependent adults, and domestic violence. c) Cases involving the client needing hospitalization. d) Cases involving those over the age of 18 involved in rape or some other crime

Cases involving the client needing hospitalization.

Which of the following are effective multicultural counseling practices?

Counselors feel comfortable with their clients' values and beliefs and are aware of how their own biases could affect ethnic minority clients.

With respect to the role of values in the counseling process, it is most accurate to state that:

Counselors should avoid imposing their values, but they're likely to expose their values to clients

All but which of the following principles underlie counseling professional codes:

Curiosity

According to research, which of the following is NOT considered a trait of the effective counselor?

Effective counselors have experienced their own personal therapy during their training program

Which of the following is essential to the Gestalt approach?

Experiencing emotions in the moment

Which of the following is not an essential aspect of the therapeutic process in Adlerian counseling? a) Offering encouragement. b) Reeducation of the client toward constructive goals. c) Exploring a client's transference in the therapeutic relationship. d) Exploring the client's family constellation.

Exploring a client's transference in the therapeutic relationship

A client comes in to therapy and immediately says, "Well, this morning I woke up and had coffee...On my drive to work I listened to the radio...What is it with the radio, anyway? So many ads all the time...I really hate my work...Did you know that beavers can hold their breath for more than ten minutes? That was on the radio too...God, I wish I were a beaver so I didn't have to go to work." This is an example of what?

Free association

This act gives you rights over your health information and sets rules and limits on who can look at and receive your health information.

HIPAA

Adler suggests that if we are not moving along and feeling competent, but instead feeling shy, timid, insecure, indecisive, or submissive and overall inadequate, we have lost our sense of selves and have developed a(n):

Inferiority complex.

Ethical dilemmas may be created when diagnosing:

Is done strictly for insurance purposes

Which statement about the assessment process is false?

It consists of identifying a specific disorder based on a pattern of symptoms.

Which of the following is not true of the existential concept of aloneness?

It is the result of our neurotic fear of intimacy.

During psychoanalytic treatment, clients are discouraged from:

Making major changes in their lifestyle.

If an infant's needs are not met, the infant will develop a sense of:

Mistrust.

The therapeutic goals of Gestalt therapy include encouraging the client to:

Move toward greater self-awareness and gradually assume ownership and responsibility for their experience only

This type of anxiety represents the functioning of the id, when someone fears that his/ her inner drives or wishes may be expressed inappropriately, and thus fear rejection from others.

Neurotic anxiety.

Accurate empathetic understanding refers to the therapist's ability to: a) relate directly to the client's experiences. b) view the client as well-meaning and motivated to grow. c) accurately diagnose the client's central problem. d) make accurate interpretations of the client's unconscious material. e) none of these choices.

None of these choices

Adlerians value the lifestyle assessment as an important clue to understanding a) The bonding process between mother and child. b) The origin of psychological trauma in early childhood. c) One's sexual and aggressive instincts. d) None of these choices.

None of these choices

Congruence refers to the therapist's: a) empathy for clients. b) ability to skillfully use techniques in therapy. c) ability to reflect the client's feelings. d) all of these choices. e) none of these choices.

None of these choices

Countertransference refers to the: a) Latent content of a client's dreams. b) Client's need to be special in the therapist's eyes. c) Irrational reactions clients have toward their therapists. d) None of these choices.

None of these choices

The phenomenological orientation pays attention to the a) Manner in which biological and environmental forces limit us. b) Events that occur at various stages of life. c) The manner in which people interact with each other. d) None of these choices.

None of these choices

For counselors who work with culturally diverse client populations, it is especially important to do all BUT:

Practice value imposition

This is a legal concept that generally bars the disclosure of confidential communications in a legal proceeding.

Privileged communication

According to person-centered theory, a personal relationship between the client and therapist in which the therapist demonstrates attitudes of caring, empathy, positive regard, genuineness, and understanding is:

a necessary and sufficient condition for therapy to occur.

Unconditional positive regard refers to:

accepting clients as worthy persons.

In existential therapy, guilt and anxiety are viewed as:

conditions that keep us in an existential vacuum

In person-centered expressive arts therapy, clients are encouraged to:

explore creativity as a means of gaining self-awareness.

According to the existentialists, anxiety is generated by:

freedom and responsibility.

In working with a client from an existential perspective, the goals of therapy would most likely be:

increasing awareness and the potential for choice.

Gestalt techniques are aimed at:

integrating conflicting aspects within the person

Personal therapy for the therapist:

is helpful in working through personal conflicts.

Culturally competent counselors are not likely to:

make assumptions about an individual based on his or her cultural group.

Person-centered therapy focuses on:

past experiences with our parents. none of these choices.

Existential therapy is best described as a:

philosophy on which a therapist operates.

Which of the following is not a key concept of Gestalt therapy?

reflection of feelings

Most ethics codes state that dual relationships:

should be minimized, but are not inherently unethical.

According to the text, ________ includes taking responsibility for self-care and preventing burnout.

staying alive as a person and as a professional

The existential therapist would probably agree that:

ultimately we are alone.

Which term refers to the repetition of interpretations and the overcoming of resistance so that clients can resolve neurotic patterns?

working through.