TLB-Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing

The nurse is caring for a client who ascribes to the theory of animism. When attempting to explain this theory to other staff members, the nurse should state: A. "Everything in nature is alive with invisible forces." B. "The physician is viewed as a god-like figure." C. "The nurse is the handmaiden of the physician." D. "Pets can help heal clients."

A. "Everything in nature is alive with invisible forces." RATIONALE The theory of animism attempts to explain the cause of mysterious changes in bodily functions. This theory is based on the belief that everything in nature is alive with invisible forces and endowed with power. Good spirits bring health; evil spirits bring sickness and death. In cultures that ascribe to animism, the roles of the physician and the nurse are separate and distinct. The physician is the medicine man who treats disease by chanting, inspiring fear, or opening the skull to release evil spirits (Dolan, Fitzpatrick, & Herrmann, 1983). The nurse usually is the mother who cares for her family during sickness by providing physical care and herbal remedies. Pets are not involved in the theory of animism.

The nurse studies Dorothea Dix, an individual who organized women volunteers to care for the Civil War troops. For which other groups did Dorothea Dix improve health care? (Select all that apply.) A. the mentally ill B. the blind C. the deaf D. the homeless E. women

A. the mentally ill B. the blind C. the deaf D. the homeless RATIONALE Dorothea Dix also helped improve health care for the mentally ill by proposing a bill that established asylums for the indigent insane, as well as for the deaf, blind, and homeless. Dorothea Dix is not known to have helped improve health care for women.

After hearing a presentation about the American Nurses Association (ANA), a nurse decides to join the organization based on the understanding that: A. membership is open to all nurses in the United States. B. ANA aims at fostering high standards of nursing in the United States. C. members include nurses, other health care providers, and lay people. D. ANA invites students showing excellence in scholarship to become members.

B. ANA aims at fostering high standards of nursing in the United States. RATIONALE ANA aims at fostering high standards of nursing in the United States. Membership is not open to all nurses in the United States; only registered nurses can become members. Members of the National League for Nursing, not the ANA, include nurses, other health care providers, and lay people. Sigma Theta Tau, not ANA, invites students showing excellence in scholarship to become members.

According to the National Advisory Council on Nurse Education and Practice, what is a current health care trend contributing to 21st century challenges to nursing practice? A. Decreased numbers of hospitalized patients B. Older and more acutely ill patients C. Decreasing health care costs owing to managed care D. Slowed advances in medical knowledge and technology

B. Older and more acutely ill patients RATIONALE The National Advisory Council on Nurse Education and Practice identifies the following critical challenges to nursing practice in the 21st century: A growing population of hospitalized patients who are older and more acutely ill, increasing health care costs, and the need to stay current with rapid advances in medical knowledge and technology.

Which organization offers membership by invitation to students who demonstrate excellence in scholarship and to nurses in the community who demonstrate excellence in leadership? A. National Student Nurses Association (NSNA) B. Sigma Theta Tau International, Honor Society of Nursing C. American Nurses Association (ANA) D. Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN)

B. Sigma Theta Tau International, Honor Society of Nursing RATIONALE Sigma Theta Tau International, the honor society of nursing, offers membership by invitation to students who demonstrate excellence in scholarship and to nurses in the community who demonstrate excellence in leadership. The ANA is the only full-service professional organization representing the nation's entire registered nurse population. Founded in 1952, NSNA is a nonprofit organization for students enrolled in associate, baccalaureate, diploma, and generic graduate nursing programs. It is dedicated to fostering the professional development of nursing students. The ACEN accredits all types of nursing education programs, including master's, baccalaureate, associate's, and diploma

A nurse is providing care for clients in a long-term care facility. What should be the central focus of this care? A. The nurse's actions B. The client receiving the care C. The nurse as the caregiver D. Nursing as a profession

B. The client receiving the care RATIONALE The client receiving the care is always the central focus of the nursing care provided. The central focus is not the nurse, the nursing actions, or nursing as a profession.

A nurse is caring for a patient in the ICU who is being monitored for a possible cerebral aneurysm following a loss of consciousness in the emergency department (ED). The nurse anticipates preparing the patient for ordered diagnostic tests. What aspect of nursing does this nurse's knowledge of the diagnostic procedures reflect? A. The art of nursing B. The science of nursing C. The caring aspect of nursing D. The holistic approach to nursing

B. The science of nursing RATIONALE The science of nursing is the knowledge base for care that is provided. In contrast, the skilled application of that knowledge is the art of nursing. Providing holistic care to patients based on the science of nursing is considered the art of nursing.

A nurse instructor outlines the criteria establishing nursing as a profession. What teaching point correctly describes this criteria? Select all that apply. A. Nursing is composed of a well-defined body of general knowledge B. Nursing interventions are dependent upon medical practice C. Nursing is a recognized authority by a professional group D. Nursing is regulated by the medical industry E. Nursing has a code of ethics F. Nursing is influenced by ongoing research

C. Nursing is a recognized authority by a professional group E. Nursing has a code of ethics F. Nursing is influenced by ongoing research

The need for university-based nursing education programs was brought to light during which important historical time? A. Spanish-American War B. World War I C. World War II D. Korean War

C. World War II RATIONALE During the middle of the twentieth century, Esther Lucile Brown, in her report on nursing education published at that time, wrote that nursing education belonged in colleges and universities, not in hospitals. During the Spanish-American War, nursing was still in its earliest phase of development. Even with the input of Florence Nightingale and her followers after WWI, nursing continued to struggle. Professional nursing began during the period and crisis needs of WWII. Nursing continues to evolve today.

In what time period did nursing care as we now know it begin? A. pre-civilization B. early civilization to 16th century C. 16th to 17th century D. 18th to 19th century

D. 18th to 19th century RATIONALE From the middle of the 18th century to the 19th century, social reforms changed the roles of nurses and of women in general. It was during this time that nursing as we now know it began, based on the beliefs of Florence Nightingale.

A nurse working in a rehabilitation facility focuses on the goal of restoring health for patients. Which examples of nursing interventions reflect this goal? Select all that apply. A. A nurse counsels adolescents in a drug rehabilitation program B. A nurse performs range-of-motion exercises for a patient on bedrest C. A nurse shows a diabetic patient how to inject insulin D. A nurse recommends a yoga class for a busy executive E. A nurse provides hospice care for a patient with end-stage cancer F. A nurse teaches a nutrition class at a local high school

A. A nurse counsels adolescents in a drug rehabilitation program B. A nurse performs range-of-motion exercises for a patient on bedrest C. A nurse shows a diabetic patient how to inject insulin

A client asks an RN to prescribe a medication for pain. What is the bestanswer by the nurse? A. "No nurse can prescribe a medication." B. "Only advanced practice registered nurses have prescriptive authority." C. "Take two ibuprofen every 4 to 6 hours." D. "Take one acetaminophen every 4 hours."

B. "Only advanced practice registered nurses have prescriptive authority." RATIONALE The best answer by the nurse is that only advanced practice registered nurses have prescriptive authority. The registered nurse who is not an advanced practice nurse should not prescribe medications, even over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen.

For the nurse become a nurse practitioner, what is the minimal degree the nurse will need to acquire? A. Diploma B. Associate's C. Master's D. Baccalaureate

C. Master's RATIONALE A master's degree is the minimal degree for a nurse to become a nurse practitioner. Diploma, associate, and baccalaureate degrees are the minimal degree for an RN.

Why are nursing organizations important for the continued development and improvement of nursing as a whole? A. To provide socialization and networking for members B. To regulate work activities for members C. To set standards for nursing education and practice D. To provide information to nurses about legal requirements

C. To set standards for nursing education and practice RATIONALE Professional organizations set educational and practice standards for nursing education and practice. They also are concerned with current issues in nursing and health care, and influence health care policy and legislation. Although professional organizations may provide outlets for networking, regulate work activities, and provide information about legal requirements, setting standards for education and practice is a primary focus.

The nurse conducts a home safety assessment for a client. Which statement best explains the standard of care being implemented? A. The RN promotes a safe environment. B. Th RN identifies client outcomes. C. The RN educates about preventing falls. D. The RN develops a plan of care.

The RN promotes a safe environment. RATIONALE The standard of care being exemplified is standard 5b: health teaching and promotion: The RN employs strategies to promote health and a safe environment. Standard 3, which is outcomes identification, involves the registered nurse identifying expected outcomes for a plan individualized to the health care consumer or the situation. Standard 12 is education, in which the registered nurse seeks knowledge and competence that reflects current nursing practice and promotes futuristic thinking. Standard 4 is planning, in which the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected, measurable outcomes.

The nurse is attempting to provide anticipatory guidance for the parents of an 18-month-old child. Which statement would be best for the nurse to make? A. "Keep all medications in a locked cabinet." B. "Does the child have nightmares often?" C. "The child is in the 95th percentile for weight." D. "Do not give the child a bottle now."

A. "Keep all medications in a locked cabinet." RATIONALE Anticipatory guidance provides the parent with information that the child will need as the child continues to grow and develop to promote his or her health. The best example of this is telling the parents to keep all medications in a locked cabinet, as the 18-month-old can climb and reach for medications that were placed high where the parents thought the child could not reach. This could prevent accidental medication overdose. An 18-month-old would have difficulty communicating fears about nightmares to the parents. Reporting the weight is health promotion, which lets the parents know that the child is growing. Telling the parents not to give the child a bottle would be inappropriate as the child should be using a cup at this age.

The first nursing journal owned, operated, and published by nurses was: A. American Journal of Nursing B. Nurse Educator C. Nursing Research D. Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice

A. American Journal of Nursing RATIONALE The American Journal of Nursing was first published in 1900 and was owned, operated, and published by nurses. It continues to provide information that may be of interest to nurses in all nursing specialities, and those who practice general nursing. Nurse Educator is a more recently developed journal which specializes in nursing education and targets nurse eductors. Nursing Research is also a more recently developed nursing journal with a focus on nursing research and targets nurses interested in research. Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice are directives and guidelines that may be published as books available to nurses for purchase and review. It is not a nursing journal.

Which organization has established standards that help the nurse determine which clinical actions fall under the scope of nursing practice? A. American Nurses Association B. National League for Nursing C. International Council of Nurses D. National Council of State Boards of Nursing

A. American Nurses Association RATIONALE The American Nurses Association (ANA) has established standards of clinical nursing practice that define the specific and unique activities of nurses. Standards serve as protection for the nurse, the client, and the institution where health care is given. The other organizations provide valuable services that differ from those of ANA. The National Council of State Boards of Nursing have the nurse practice acts which define state specific guidelines for nurses to practice. The National League for Nursing is a national organization for faculty nurses and leaders in nurse education. The International Council of Nurses is a federation of more than 130 national nurses associations.

The nurse is performing care for a client in the end stage of cancer. How can the nurse best facilitate the client and family's ability to cope? Select all that apply. A. Assist the client with activities of daily living (ADLs). B. Encourage the family to leave and let the nurse take over care. C. Inform the family that there is nothing they can do for their loved one. D. Assist the client and family with the preparation for end-of-life. E. Refer the client and family to hospice services.

A. Assist the client with activities of daily living (ADLs). D. Assist the client and family with the preparation for end-of-life. E. Refer the client and family to hospice services. RATIONALE Nurses facilitate client and family coping with altered function, life crisis, and death. Altered function decreases an individual's ability to carry out ADLs and expected roles, and it is appropriate for the nurse to assist in a previously independent client role. Nurses facilitate an optimal level of function through maximizing the person's strengths and potentials, through teaching, and through referral to community support systems such as hospice services. Nurses provide care to both clients and families at the end of life, and they do so in hospitals, long-term care facilities, hospices, and homes. Nurses are active in hospice programs, which assist clients and their families in multiple settings in preparing for death and in living as comfortably as possible until death occurs. Informing the family that there is nothing that they can do for their loved one creates further grieving and a feeling of loss and hopelessness.

A nurse is planning to pursue further education in the hopes of becoming an expert in geriatric nursing who carries out direct care. For which expanded career role is the nurse preparing? A. Clinical nurse specialist B. Nurse manager C. Nurse-midwife D. Physician assistant

A. Clinical nurse specialist RATIONALE Clinical nurse specialists are nurses with an advanced degree who are considered experts in a specialized area of care. They also provide direct care, consultation, and education of clients, families, and staff. Nurse managers do not normally provide direct care. Nurse-midwives specialize in obstetrical care. Physician assistants are not nurses.

During the course of any given day of work in the acute care setting, the nurse may need to perform which roles? Select all that apply. A. Communicator B. Counselor C. Teacher D. Financier E. Statistician

A. Communicator B. Counselor C. Teacher RATIONALE The roles and functions of the nurse are many and include caregiver, communicator, teacher, counselor, leader, researcher, and advocate. Acting as financier and statistician are not the roles of the nurse.

Nursing in the United States is regulated by the state nurse practice act. What is a common element of each state's nurse practice act? A. Defining the legal scope of nursing practice B. Providing continuing education programs C. Determining the content covered in the NCLEX examination D. Creating institutional policies for health care practices

A. Defining the legal scope of nursing practice RATIONALE Nurse practice acts are established in each state to regulate the practice of nursing by defining the legal scope of nursing practice, creating a state board of nursing to make and enforce rules and regulations, define important terms and activities in nursing, and establish criteria for the education and licensure of nurses. The acts do not determine the content covered on the NCLEX, but they do have the legal authority to allow graduates of approved schools of nursing to take the licensing examination. The acts also may determine educational requirements for licensure, but do not provide the education. Institutional policies are created by the institutions themselves.

The new nursing graduate is concerned about some of the critical changes that will be occuring in nursing. What changes does the nurse anticipate will impact nursing care? A. Difficulty for nurses to remain current in a rapidly changing medical and technology environment B. Rapid growth of nurses and shortage of job opportunities C. Decrease in health care costs D. Limitations that nurses have in the workforce

A. Difficulty for nurses to remain current in a rapidly changing medical and technology environment RATIONALE The National Advisory Council on Nurse Education and Practice (NACNEP) identifies critical challenges to nursing practice in the 21st century: a growing population of hospitalized clients who are older and more acutely ill, increasing health care costs, and the need to stay current with rapid advances in medical knowledge and technology. Nursing is limitless and, with opportunities for furthering education, there are many various ways nurses can practice. Health costs are rising and there are more citizens needing health care. There is a projected nursing shortage that may be severe and there are no shortages of jobs for nurses.

The registered nurse is performing a nutritional assessment to ensure that the client's diet is optimal for wound healing. The nurse's intervention can be traced back to which key contributor to nursing? A. Florence Nightingale B. Clara Barton C. Dorothea Dix D. Linda Richards

A. Florence Nightingale RATIONALE Florence Nightingale's contributions to nursing included the recognition of the importance of nutrition to health. Clara Barton established the Red Cross. Dorothea Dix was a pioneer for reform of treatment for the mentally ill. Linda Richards began the practice of keeping records and writing orders.

What are the best examples of the role of the nurse as a communicator? Select all that apply. A. Telling a client their blood pressure B. Calling a physician about a client's blood pressure C. Informing the physical therapist that the client's therapy was discontinued D. Telling a friend about something that happened to a client that day E. Discussing laboratory values with a client

A. Telling a client their blood pressure B. Calling a physician about a client's blood pressure C. Informing the physical therapist that the client's therapy was discontinued E. Discussing laboratory values with a client RATIONALE When acting in the role of communicator, the nurse is using effective interpersonal and therapeutic communication skills to establish and maintain helping relationships. Examples include telling a client their blood pressure, calling a physician regarding a client condition, reviewing laboratory values with the client, and relaying pertinent information with members of the multidisciplinary team, such as the physical therapist. Telling a friend something that happened to a client that day is not the role of the nurse as communicator; in fact, it may be a violation of the client's privacy and confidentiality.

The registered nurse communicates with the physical therapist that a client is now on strict bed rest due to bradycardia. Which statement bestexplains the standard exemplified by the nurse? A. The RN coordinates care delivery. B. The RN identifies outcomes. C. The RN analyzes client data. D. The RN collects client data.

A. The RN coordinates care delivery. RATIONALE There are 12 Standards of Practice: assessment, diagnosis, outcomes identification, planning, implementation, evaluation, ethics, culturally congruent practice, communication, collaboration, leadership, and education. The standard exemplified by the nurse is 5a, implementation via coordination of care in which the RN coordinates care delivery. Standard 5b is health teaching and health promotion in which the registered nurse employs strategies to promote health and a safe environment. Standard 3 is outcomes identification, in which the registered nurse identifies expected outcomes for a plan individualized to the health care consumer or the situation. Standard 2, diagnosis, is when the registered nurse analyzes the assessment data to determine the actual or potential diagnoses, problems, and issues. Standard 1 is assessment, in which the registered nurse collects pertinent data and information relative to the health care consumer's health or the situation.

Together the nurse and a client with hypertension set a goal that states that the client will be able to identify foods to avoid on a low-sodium diet. The nurse completes this action as a part of which American Nurses Association Standard of Care? A. The RN identifies client outcomes. B. The RN implements the client's care. C. The RN promotes healthy blood pressure. D. The RN prescribes diets for clients.

A. The RN identifies client outcomes. RATIONALE By setting client goals, the RN is identifying expected client outcomes for a plan of care, standard 3: Outcomes Identification. This is not an example of implementing a plan of care. While the RN does provide diet education, this is not a standard of care. The physician or advance practice nurse prescribes the diet, not the RN.

The nurse conducts a home safety assessment for a client. Which statement best explains the standard of care being implemented? A. The RN promotes a safe environment. B. The RN identifies client outcomes. C. The RN educates about preventing falls. D. The RN develops a plan of care.

A. The RN promotes a safe environment. RATIONALE The standard of care being exemplified is standard 5b: health teaching and promotion: The RN employs strategies to promote health and a safe environment. Standard 3, which is outcomes identification, involves the registered nurse identifying expected outcomes for a plan individualized to the health care consumer or the situation. Standard 12 is education, in which the registered nurse seeks knowledge and competence that reflects current nursing practice and promotes futuristic thinking. Standard 4 is planning, in which the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected, measurable outcomes.

Nurses today work in a wide variety of health care settings. What trend occurred during World War II that had a tremendous effect on this development in the nursing profession? A. There was a shortage of nurses and an increased emphasis on education. B. Emphasis on the war slowed development of knowledge in medicine and technology C. The role of the nurse focused on acute technical skills used in hospital settings. D. Nursing was dependent on the medical profession to define its priorities.

A. There was a shortage of nurses and an increased emphasis on education. RATIONALE During World War II, large numbers of women worked outside the home. They became more independent and assertive, which led to an increased emphasis on education. The war itself created a need for more nurses and resulted in a knowledge explosion in medicine and technology. This trend broadened the role of nurses to include practicing in a wide variety of health care settings.

Establishing the criteria for the education and licensure of nurses is a component of: A. a state's nurse practice act. B. the ANA Standards of Practice. the U.S. Department of Health and C. Human Services' Healthy People 2020 document. D. evidence-based practice.

A. a state's nurse practice act. RATIONALE Although nurse practice acts vary from state to state, they typically specify the criteria for the education and licensure of nurses. The ANA Standards of Practice and Healthy People 2020 do not address such legal and licensure issues. The philosophy of evidence-based practice does not encompass specific criteria for educating and licensing nurses.

A nurse mentoring second-year nursing students from a community college plans clinical experiences for them. These students will most likely graduate in which time frame? A. at the end of the year B. in 3 more years C. in 2 more years D. in 1 more year

A. at the end of the year RATIONALE Nursing students from a community college are most likely students attempting to obtain an associate degree, which is a 2-year program. Therefore, the nurse should plan clinical experiences for students who will most likely graduate at the end of the year, as this is their second year.

What was one barrier to the development of the nursing profession in the United States after the Civil War? A. lack of educational standards B. hospital-based schools of nursing C. lack of influence from nursing leaders D. independence of nursing orders

A. lack of educational standards RATIONALE A lack of educational standards was one barrier to the development of the nursing profession after the Civil War. Other barriers included a male dominance of health care and the pervading belief that women were dependent on men. The location of nursing schools, a lack of influence from nursing leaders, and independent nursing orders were not barriers to the development of the nursing profession after the Civil War.

In the role of entrepreneur, the nurse's primary responsibility is: A. managing a health-related business. B. adminstering resources. C. managing personnel involved in client care. D. teaching in a clinical setting.

A. managing a health-related business. RATIONALE A nurse entrepreneur is primarily concerned with organizing, developing, and managing a clinic or health-related business. Although a nurse entrepreneur may also administer resources, manage personnel, and teach, the primary responsibiity of this role is managing a health-related business. A nurse administrator is primarily concerned with administering resources and managing personnel. A nurse educator is primarily concerned with teaching in a clinical setting.

Which is the best example of a nurse demonstrating the role of caregiver? A. starting an intravenous line in the client's arm B. referring the client to a mental health clinic C. assigning a room for a new hospital client D. reporting lab values to a client's physician

A. starting an intravenous line in the client's arm RATIONALE In the role of caregiver, the nurse provides care to clients to meet their needs, such as when starting an intravenous line. The role of caregiver is the primary role of the nurse. Teaching a client about medication is the role of educator. Telling a doctor a lab value is the role of communicator. Securing a referral to the local clinic is the role of counselor. Assigning rooms is a management role.

All members of the health care team are encouraged to read and contribute to the individual plans of care for their clients. Which health care provider develops the plan of care? A. the RN B. the LPN or RN C. the physician D. any licensed member of the health care team

A. the RN RATIONALE To serve as evaluation criteria and meet the standards of The Joint Commission (2010), the plan must be developed by a registered nurse, it must be documented in the client's health record, and it must reflect the standards of care established by the institution and the profession. It may be countersigned by members of the interdisciplinary team who provide care for the client.

The RN is working with hospital administrators to transform care at their facility. Which nursing competency will be critical for the nurse to utilize? A. Work effectively in interdisciplinary teams B. Correctly utilize and troubleshoot high-tech equipment C. Navigate the electronic medical records system D. Do things the way they have always been done

B. Work effectively in interdisciplinary teams RATIONALE The RN working with administrators to transform care will need to be able to work effectively as part of an interdisciplinary team. The nurse will need to work as a team member with members of the administration, as well as representatives from other health disciplines involved in the project. The ability to use and troubleshoot equipment and to navigate the electronic medical records are important to the nurse, but will not necessarily help when working with administration to transform care. Doing things the way they have always been done is a barrier to transformation of care.

A nurse is considering relocating to another state to practice nursing. Which is the most appropriate action by the nurse to ensure ability to practice in the new state? A. asking the current state to transfer the license B. applying for a reciprocal license in the new state C. taking the new state's licensing exam D. No action is needed by the nurse.

B. applying for a reciprocal license in the new state RATIONALE Nurses gain legal rights to practice nursing in another state by applying to that state's board of nursing and receiving reciprocal licensure. The nurse does not need to retake the licensure exam. The nursing licenses are not transferable.

The nurse is caring for a client who cannot meet health needs independently. Which action made by the nurse depicts concern and attachment? A. telling the client, "I will be back in 15 minutes to change your dressing." B. asking the client, "How are you today? I am really worried about you." C. talking about diabetes and teaching the client how to do foot care D. organizing the work for the day and evaluating how the day went

B. asking the client, "How are you today? I am really worried about you." RATIONALE Concern and attachment are the result of a close relationship of one human being with another. Thus, asking the client how the client is feeling and expressing concern exemplifies caring. Stability and security, communication and teaching, and organization and evaluation are physical care themes that are part of nursing care.

A nurse practicing in a primary care center uses the ANA's Nursing's Social Policy Statement as a guideline for practice. Which purposes of nursing are outlined in this document? Select all that apply. A. A description of the nurse as a dependent caregiver B. The provision of standards for nursing educational programs C. A definition of the scope of nursing practice D. The establishment of a knowledge base for nursing practice E. A description of nursing's social responsibility F. The regulation of nursing research

C. A definition of the scope of nursing practice D. The establishment of a knowledge base for nursing practice E. A description of nursing's social responsibility

The nurse is creating a plan of care for a client. Which actions by the nurse demonstrate the components of the nursing process? Select all that apply. A. Applies rationales for the actions of the nurse. B. Plans medical care of the client C. Identifies the needs of the client D. Evaluates the effectiveness of the plan of care E. Plans interventions to meet the client's health care needs

C. Identifies the needs of the client D. Evaluates the effectiveness of the plan of care E. Plans interventions to meet the client's health care needs RATIONALE Nurses implement their roles through the nursing process by identifying the needs of the client, planning the care of the client to meet those needs, and evaluating the effectiveness of the interventions. Although the rationales should be readily known when creating the plan of care, it is important for the nurse to explain and include the client in the plan of care. This is not part of the nursing process. Medical needs are not a part of the nursing process.

A nurse manager is teaching staff how to use a new piece of hospital equipment. Which educational setting would be most appropriate for this process? A. Continuing education B. Graduate education C. In-service education D. Undergraduate studies

C. In-service education RATIONALE In-service education is designed to increase the knowledge and skills of the nursing staff. Education about a new piece of hospital equipment would fall into this category. Continuing education is educational experiences designed to enrich the nurse's contribution to health. Many state nursing organizations require continuing education hours to maintain licensure. Undergraduate studies are the educational programs for pre-licensure in the field of nursing. For the nurse, this could be a diploma, associate degree, or baccalaureate in nursing. Graduate education would include the educational programs for the advanced practice nurse. This could be master's degree or doctoral preparation.

A nurse educator is discussing the role of nursing based on the American Nurses Association (ANA). Which statement best describes this role? A. Nursing is a profession dependent upon the medical community as a whole. B. It is the role of the physician, not the nurse, to assist clients in understanding their health problems. C. It is the role of nursing to provide a caring relationship that facilitates health and healing. D. The essential components of professional nursing care are strength, endurance, and cure.

C. It is the role of nursing to provide a caring relationship that facilitates health and healing. RATIONALE The American Nurses Association (ANA) defines nursing as "the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations" (ANA, 2010). The ANA does not see nursing as dependent upon medicine. The ANA sees one of the roles of the nurse as assisting clients in understanding their health problems. The ANA does not address essential components of professional nursing care with terms such as strength, endurance, and cure.

A prospective nursing student desires a career that will allow the opportunity to provide client care and to assist professional nurses with routine technical procedures. The prospective student needs to be employed in a full-time position quickly due to economic hardship. What type of nursing program would best suit this student? A. associate of science registered nursing program B. baccalaureate of science registered nursing program C. licensed or vocational nursing program D. diploma nursing program

C. licensed or vocational nursing program RATIONALE A licensed practical or vocational nursing program will allow the student to earn a technical certificate in 1 year and sit for the state board of nursing examination to be licensed as an LPN or LVN. This would allow employment that will allow the graduate to provide client care and to assist professional nurses with routine technical procedures as desired. An associate program will take 2 years and a baccalaureate program will take 4 years; additionally these prepare new nurses to work in a more independent role than this person is seeking. There are very few diploma programs remaining in the U.S., and these programs typically take 3 years to complete.

The nurse is performing an extensive dressing change on a client with burns. The nurse explains each step as it is being performed. The nurse is acting in which role by providing explanation of each step? A. Caregiver B. Client advocate C. Decision-maker D. Educator

D. Educator RATIONALE Under the overall umbrella of nursing process, the nurse in this situation is performing the the implemention of the care plan interventions.The nurse is acting in the role of educator by explaining each step at a level, and to a degree that the client can process, ask questions if necessary, and understand. The act of changing the dressing is an aspect of the caregiver role. Once the nurse moves beyond the care plan interventions, it may become necessary to make a decision or advocate for the client as a result of the assessment of wound and client learning during the teaching of wound care occurring.

Nurses today complete a nursing education program, and practice nursing that identifies the personal needs of the patient and the role of the nurse in meeting those needs. Which nursing pioneer is MOST instrumental in this birth of modern nursing? A. Clara Barton B. Lilian Wald C. Lavinia Dock D. Florence Nightingale

D. Florence Nightingale RATIONALE Florence Nightingale elevated the status of nursing to a respected occupation, improved the quality of nursing care, and founded modern nursing education. Clara Barton established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882. Lillian Wald was the founder of public health nursing. Lavinia Dock was a nursing leader and women's rights activist instrumental in establishing women's right to vote.

A nurse is practicing as a nurse-midwife in a busy OB-GYN office. Which degree in nursing is necessary to practice at this level? A. LPN B. ADN C. BSN D. MSN

D. MSN RATIONALE A master's degree (MSN) prepares advanced practice nurses. Many master's graduates gain national certification in their specialty area, for example, as family nurse practitioners (FNPs) or nurse midwives.

What might a nurse need to do to ensure the continuation of his or her nursing license? A. Obtain a baccalaureate degree. B. Obtain a master's degree. C. Attend hospital in-services. D. Obtain continuing education credits.

D. Obtain continuing education credits. RATIONALE In many states, continuing education is required for an RN to maintain licensure. These are defined as professional development experiences designed to enrich the nurse's contribution to health. Obtainment of an ongoing degree is not necessary to maintain licensure. While hospital in-services may provide continuing education, not all in-services are designed to do so.

Which explanation accurately differentiates the role of the registered nurse (RN) from that of the licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)? A. The RN is permitted to prescribed medications. B. The LPN/LVN can only work in a long-term care facility. C. The RN directs the workload of an LPN/LVN. D. The LPN/LVN should work under the supervision of an RN.

D. The LPN/LVN should work under the supervision of an RN. RATIONALE LPNs/LVNs are employed in hospitals, long-term care facilities, and rehabilitation centers and by health care providers such as physicians. LPNs/LVNs differ from RNs in two areas: educational preparation and scope of practice. LPNs always practice under the supervision of an RN. LPNs have a scope of practice and the workload is not directed by the RN. RNs are not permitted to prescribe medications. Nurse practitioners may prescribe medications.

The role of nurses in today's society was influenced by the nurse's role in early civilization. Which statement best portrays this earlier role? A. Women who committed crimes were recruited into nursing the sick in lieu of serving jail sentences. B. Nurses identified the personal needs of the patient and their role in meeting those needs. C. Women called deaconesses made the first visits to the sick, and male religious orders cared for the sick and buried the dead. D. The nurse was the mother who cared for her family during sickness by using herbal remedies

D. The nurse was the mother who cared for her family during sickness by using herbal remedies RATIONALE In early civilizations, the nurse usually was the mother who cared for her family during sickness by providing physical care and herbal remedies. This nurturing and caring role of the nurse has continued to the present. At the beginning of the 16th century, the shortage of nurses led to the recruitment of women who had committed crimes to provide nursing care instead of going to jail. In the early Christian period, women called deaconesses made the first organized visits to sick people, and members of male religious orders gave nursing care and buried the dead. The influences of Florence Nightingale were apparent from the middle of the 19th century to the 20th century; one of her accomplishments was identifying the personal needs of the patient and the nurse's role in meeting those needs.

The nurse is caring for a postoperative client. The health care provider has written a prescription for a pain medication, and the prescription gives a dosage range for the amount the nurse may give depending on the severity of the client's pain. This type of functioning within the health care team is called: A. authoritative functioning. B. independent functioning. C. assistive functioning. D. collaborative functioning.

D. collaborative functioning. RATIONALE Nurses manage collaborative problems using both nurse- and health care provider-prescribed interventions to reduce the risk of complications. In this situation, the nurse is not operating authoritatively or independently, but within the parameters established by the health care provider. The nurse is not merely acting in an assistive capacity, as the nurse is performing interventions in the absence of the health care provider.