TOPHAT

Which of the following have cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglion? A. somatic motor B. visceral motor C. somatic sensory D. visceral sensory

C, D

A routine physical of a 39 year old female patient reveals that when she attempts to stick her tongue straight out of her mouth, her tongue deviates to the left. This indicates damage to which of the following cranial nerves? A. CN VII B. CN X C. CN XII D. CN IX

C. CN XII

Which of the following is not an accessory organ that aids in the digestion of food? A. Gall bladder B. Liver C. Ileum D. Pancreas E. Salivary gland

C. Ileum

The hypothalamus is part of the ___. A. brain stem B. cerebellum C. diencephalon D. reticular formation E. pons

C. diencephalon

Parasympathetic functions included ___. A. stimulation of heart rate and force of contraction B. allowing the body to respond to an external threat C. lens accommodation for close vision D. mobilizing energy storage sources.

C. lens accommodation for close vision

The sense of awareness of your body or limbs in space in order to maintain your posture or move in relation to objects around you is called: A. pressure B. pain C. proprioception D. vibration

C. proprioception

Touch and pressure are sensed by the following receptors except ONE. identify the receptor that is not associated with touch and pressure sensation. A. meissner's corpuscle B. merkel cells C. ruffini corpuscles D. osmoreceptors E. pacinian corpuscles

C. ruffini corpuscles

Which of the following statements about the biliary system is false? A. the left hepatic duct and right hepatic duct merge to form the common hepatic duct B. the cystic duct merges with the common hepatic duct to form the common bile duct C. the common bile duct passes through the tail of pancreas D. he common bile duct merges with the major pancreatic duct at the hepatopancreatic ampulla E. the common bile duct passes through the head of the pancreas

C. the common bile duct passes through the tail of the pancreas

Which of the following is false regarding the stomach? A. it receives parasympathetic innervation from the vagus nerve B. venous blood from the stomach is drained from the hepatic portal vein C. the stomach receives arterial blood from the inferior mesenteric artery D. the stomach is intraperitoneal

C. the stomach receives arterial blood from the inferior mesenteric artery

Which cranial nerve innervates the superior oblique eye muscle?

CN IV Trochlear Nerve

What nerves pass through the internal acoustic meatus?

CN VII and CN VIII

Tapping the patellar ligament is a simple spinal reflex that causes knee extension. Which nerve is tested by tapping on the patellar ligament? A. sciatic B. obturator C. tibial D. femoral E. common fibular

D. femoral The femoral nerve innervates the quadraceps muscles (responsible for knee extension) and other anterior thigh muscles.

Blood from the small intestine drains into ___, which delivers them to the ___. A. hepatic vein; liver B. renal vein; kidney C. hepatic artery, liver D. hepatic portal vein; liver E. hepatic vein, heart

D. hepatic portal vein, liver

The biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, and brachialis muscles are innervated by the: A. axillary nerve B. median nerve C. radial nerve D. musculocutaneous nerve E. ulnar nerve

D. musculocutaneous nerve The muscles listed are all located in the ant compartment of the arm. The anterior arm is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve.

Which of the following is an example of a visceral structure? A. skin B. skeletal muscle C. bones D. smooth muscle tissue

D. smooth muscle tissue It is a type of visceral or involuntary structure.

Which of the following are not innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system? A. lungs B. digestive tract C. heart D. sweat glands E. salivary glands

D. sweat glands Sweat glands and blood vessels in the skin do not receive parasympathetic innervation.

A 67-year-old woman is in the doctor's office complaining of numbness on the left side of her body. She also has difficulty moving her left arm and her left leg. Further tests at the doctor's office reveal that she is unable to distinguish between a coin and a paper clip using her left hand when her eyes are closed and cannot feel vibrations of a tuning fork. Pinpricking resulted in duller pain on the left side than the right. Two days after her doctor's visit, she called the doctor's office with burning pain on the left side even with gentle touching. The doctor is suspecting a lesion along one of the sensory pathways. Determine which location of the pathway the problem is occurring at: A. right half of the medulla B. cerebral cortex C. peripheral nerves of the left leg and left arm D. the thalamus E. right half of he spinal cord above C5

D. thalamus Further investigation revealed that this patient had a lesion in the thalamus. A lesion in the thalamic nucleus could result in somatosensory loss. A lesion in the right half of the medulla might interrupt the medial lemniscus causing some of the symptoms but the spinothalamic tract would be unaffected. A lesion in the cerebral cortex could affect one of the body parts such as the left leg or the left arm but not both as they are widely spread out within the somatosensory cortex. Peripheral nerves are ruled out because peripheral polyneuropathies are bilaterally symmetrical. (Application question)

Which of the following statements concerning the ANS is correct? A. The parasympathetic division innervates more organs than the sympathetic division B. Both divisions of the ANS innervate the organs equally. C. The sympathetic division is also called the craniosacral division of the ANS. D. The sympathetic chain ganglion are also called the paravertebral ganglion.

D. the sympathetic chain ganglion are also called the paravertebral ganglion.

All of the following cranial nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure EXCEPT: A. CN III B. CN V1 C. CN IV D. CN VI E. CN V2

E. CN V2 Foramen rotundum

Which of the following statements about the CNS is false? A. the CNS contain cells bodies that give rise to the cranial nerves B. The CNS is comprised of the brain and spinal cord. C. Afferents travel up the spinal cord to the CNS. D. Efferents original in the spinal cord and go out into the body. E. Dorsal root ganglia are part of the CNS

E. Dorsal root ganglia are part of the CNS.

What is the role of the pharynx? A. it is the voice box B. it is the site of red blood cell production C. to connect the mouth directly to the lungs D. to provide gas exchange with body tissues E. to act as a pathway for CO2 to leave the body

E. act as a pathway for CO2 to leave the body

The segment of large intestine located between the hepatic flexure and splenic flexure is called the: A. cecum B. ascending colon C. descending colon D. sigmoid colon E. transverse colon

E. transverse colon

The stomach is located directly anterior to the A. liver B. pancreas C. rectum D. bladder E. transverse colon

E. transverse colon

Which cranial nerve has sensory, motor, and parasympathetic fibers and plays no role in the regulation of the eye? A. oculomotor B. optic C. trochlear D. trigeminal E. vagus

E. vagus

CN VII

Facial Nerve

The primary motor cortex is located in the ___ lobe, and the primary visual cortex is located in the ___ lobe.

Frontal; occipital

CN IX

Glosspharyngeal nerve

CN XII

Hypoglossal Nerve

CN V

Trigeminal Nerve

CN IV

Trochlear Nerve

CN X

Vagus nerve

CN VIII

Vestibulocochlear nerve

What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

Nerves and ganglia

CN III

Oculomotor Nerve

CN I

Olfactory nerve

CN II

Optic Nerve

Chyme move from the ___ directly to the ___.

Stomach, duodenum

Preparing the body for the "fight or flight" response is the role of the ____.

Sympathetic nervous sytem

Match the cranial nerve to its correct function: 1. Oculomotor 2. Vagus 3. Olfactory 4. Vestibulocochlear 5. (Spinal) Accessory A. innervates 4 to 6 extrinsic eye muscles B. responsible for the motor component of the gag reflex C. innervates trapezius and sternocleidomastoid D. responsible for the sense of smell E. Responsible for hearing and balance

1 --> A 2 --> B 3 --> D 4 --> E 5 --> C

How many pairs of cranial nerves branch from the brain?

12

Which of the following are two functions of astrocytes? A. contributing to the blood brain barrier B. producing myelin C. glycogen storage D. producing CSF E. removing damaged neurons

A + C B: oligodendrocytes D: Ependymal cells E: microglial cells

Indicate the order that a nerve impulse would travel through the neuron beginning with the dendrites. A. Dendrites B. Axon C. Cell body (soma) D. Synaptic knobs

A -> C -> B -> D

Place the following structures in the correct sequence, starting from the LUMEN of the small intestine. A. Muscularis mucosa B. Serosa C. Muscularis externa D. Submucosa

A -> D -> C -> B

Cerebrospinal fluid: A. is a clear, watery fluid B. is produced by ependymal cells C. cushions the brain and spinal cord from injury D. has a similar composition to plasma E. has more protein than plasma

A, B, C

The central nervous system includes: A. the cerebral cortex B. the fasciculus cuneatus C. the reticular formation D. the dorsal root

A, B, C

Injury to the sciatic nerve would cause a loss of which of the following 3 muscle actions? A. dorsiflexion of the ankle B. plantarflexion of he ankle C. knee flexion D. knee extension E. adduction of the hip

A, B, C the sciatic nerve divides into the tibial and common fibular nerve (which branches into the superficial fibular and deep fibular nerves). Damage to the sciatic nerve would affect all of its distal branches. The tibial nerve innervates the posterior thigh (knee flexion) and posterior leg (plantarflexion of ankle). The deep fibular nerve innervates the anterior leg (dorsiflexion of ankle). So knee flexion, plantarflexion of ankle, and dorsiflexion of ankle would all be lost if the sciatic nerve was damaged. the femoral nerve innervates the anterior thigh (knee extension) and the obturator nerve innervates the medial thigh (hip adduction).

What challenges would a spinal cord injured patient face in trying tot walk again? a. the connections between spinal cord motor neurons and muscles depends on synaptic activity between cells. b. the conditions present during fetal development are still present in the adult spinal cord c. non-myelinated axons contain proteins that inhibit axonal outgrowth d. muscle atrophy when they are no longer stimulated by motor neurons.

A, D

You would expect to find nuclei in the: A. CNS B. PNS

A. CNS Nuclei is plural for nucleus. A nucleus is a collection of neuron cell bodies in the CNS. A collection of neuron cell bodies in the PNS is called a ganglion (plural ganglia).

Digestion refers to the process by which: A. complex molecules are broken down into simple ones. B. more complex molecules are formed from simple ones C. nutrients are absorbed through the wall of the stomach D. Nutrients are absorbed through the wall of the small intestine. E. There is secretion of special enzymes from the liver into the small intestine.

A. complex molecules are broken down into simple ones

If damage has occurred to ventral horn of C3-C5, which of the following muscles would most likely be affected? A. diaphragm B. biceps brachii C. tripceps brachii D. flexor digitalis longus

A. diaphragm

Which of the following is incorrect relative to sympathetic activity? A. inhibits orgasm B. inhibits bladder contraction C. stimulates glucose production D. inhibits salivation

A. inhibits orgasm The parasympathetic division is responsible for the influx of blood flow into the clitoris and penis but orgasm requires sympathetic activity.

After the duodenum, the next segment of intestine is called the: A. jejunum B. ileum C. appendix D. cecum E. rectum

A. jejunum

The components of the central nervous system are enclosed in a protective layer of tissue called: A. meninges B. glial cells C. neurons D. ganglia

A. meninges There are 3 layers of meninges (pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater) that cover the structures of the CNS.

Peristalsis differs from segmentation in that A. Peristalsis pushes food through the digestive system, segmentation does not. B. Peristalsis mixes food in the stomach and segmentation pushes it out. C. Peristalsis only occurs int he stomach, segmentation occurs throughout the GI system D. Segmentation mixes food in the stomach whereas peristalsis pushes blood through arteries. E. peristalsis is voluntary, segmentation is involuntary

A. peristalsis pushes food through the digestive system, segmentation does not

The role of the epiglottis in the swallowing reflex is to: A. prevent food from entering the lung B. Initiate swallowing through touch receptors C. Prevent food from entering the nose D. Provide conscious control of swallowing

A. prevent food from entering the lung

Which of the following represent the organization of cells in a simple reflex arc? A. receptor - interneuron - spinal cord - efferent neuron B. receptor - interneuron - spinal cord - afferent neuron C. afferent neuron - efferent neuron - interneuron - spinal cord - receptor D. receptor - afferent neuron - efferent neuron - interneuron - spinal cord E. efferent neuron - receptor - interneuron - spinal cord - afferent neuron

A. receptor - interneuron - spinal cord - efferent neuron

Arrange the following structures in the sensory pathway in the correct order. A. sensory receptor B. thalamus C. dorsal root ganglion D. cerebral cortex E. dorsal root

A. sensory receptor C. dorsal root ganglion E. dorsal root B. thalamus D. cerebral cortex

Which of these effectors is not directly controlled by the ANS? A. Skeletal muscle B. Cardiac muscle C. Smooth muscle D. most flands

A. skeletal muscle

Sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system are often: A. unipolar B. bipolar C. multipolar D. pyramidal

A. unipolar

CN VI

Abducens Nerve

CN XI

Accessory Nerve

Starting with receptors in the skin, place the following terms in the order the nervous information would be carried in a basic reflex arc. A. sensory neuron carries stimulus to CNS B. motor neuron carries nerve impulses to the muscles in your arm to move you hand away from the handle C. receptors in skin perceive heat from a candle D. interneuron conveys information to a motor neuron

C -> A -> D -> B

Preganglionic sympathetic neurons may leave the spinal cord at which of the following vertebral level? A. C3 B. L4 C. Co2 D. T1

D. T1

What is the "resting and digesting" division of the ANS?

parasympathetic division

The deepest layer of the meninges is the ___.

pia mater

Which of the following three structures are part of the PNS. A. brain B. cranial nerves C. spinal cord D. ganglia E. spinal nerves

B, D, E

While walking through the wood, you are slapped in the cheek by a tree branch. Pain from the cheek is carried to the CNS by which of the following nerves? A. CN VII B. CN V2 C. CN IX D. CN X E. CN V3

B. CN V2

Which of the following cells help to support and regulate neurons in the PNS? A. Schwann cells B. Satellite cells C. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells D. Microglial cells

B. Satellite cells

The mesentary proper: A. is the site of extensive food absorption B. anchors the small intestine to the peritoneal wall C. is avascular D. is the site of extensive food digestion E. is the path by which solid wastes leave the body

B. anchors the small intestine to the peritoneal wall

The nerve plexus responsible for the innervation the upper limb is called the: A. cervical plexus B. brachial plexus C. lumbar plexus D. sacral plexus

B. brachial plexus

The part of a neuron that receives information from another neuron or receptor is called the: A. cell body B. dendrites C. axon D. synaptic knob

B. dendrites

Which of the following is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation? A. salivation B. dilation of the pupils C. increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera D. elimination of urin

B. dilation of pupils

The mesentary proper suspends the stomach and liver from the posterior abdominal wall. A. true B. false

B. false.

Which of the following is not part of the GI tract? A. stomach B. liver C. esophagus D. transverse colon

B. liver

The neuron in the image is a(n): A. bipolar neuron B. multipolar neuron C. unipolar neuron D. pyramidal neuron

B. multipolar neuron It has multiple dendrites and single long axon.

Which of the following would be located between the dura mater and arachnoid mater? A. epidural hematoma B. subdural hematoma C. subarachnoid hematoma

B. subdural hematoma Epidural is between the bone of the skull and dura mater. Subarachnoid is between the arachnoid mater and pia mater.

Lacteals: A. are found within the submucosal layer B. surround capillaries, venules, and lymphatic vessels C. are optimized for secretion D. are under the regulation of the myenteric plexus E. are found within the mesentaries

B. surround capillaries, venules, and lymphatic vessels

Which of the following structures can form a nerve plexus? A. ventral roots B. ventral primary rami C. dorsal roots D. dorsal primary rami

B. ventral primary rami

The large central area of the stomach is called the A. fundus B. body C. pylorus D. cardia

Body

Which of the following does not describe the ANS? A. a system of motor neurons that innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glands B. A system of sensory neurons that innervates all muscle cells C. An involuntary nervous system D. A visceral motor system

B

Which of the following components of the brainstem contains visual and auditory reflex centers? A. pons B. midbrain C. medulla oblongata D. thalamus

B midbrain

Which of the following nerves would exit immediately superior to the C7 vertebra? A. C6 B. C7 C. C8 D. T1

Spinal nerves C1-C7 exit superior to the vertebra of the same number. So the C7 spinal nerve would exit superior to the C7 vertebra. The C8 spinal nerves exits inferior to the C7 vertebra which causes a shift in pattern so that the beginning at the T1 spinal exit inferior to the vertebra of the same number.

The cell bodies of somatic sensory primary neurons are located in the: a. dorsal root ganglion b. dorsal horn c. lateral horn d. ventral horn e. thalamus

a. dorsal root ganglion

What makes up the central nervous system?

brain and spinal cord

Adaptation to a sensory stimulus produces a. decreased sensation when a stimulus is removed b. increased sensation when a stimulus is removed c. decreased sensation when a stimulus is constantly applied d. increased sensation when a stimulus is constantly applied

c