Topic 5 lessons 1-4

Napoleon annexed German lands to his french empire. Soon people began to oppose french rule and demanded a unified state. The congress of Vienna rejected the idea of german unification. Result- They created a German confederation.

Describe What impact did the Napoleonic Wars have on Germany?

New government face oppositions, regional divisions, and disputes with catholic church, lack of voting right, social unrest, rapid population growth that lead to employment.

Describe What problems did Italians face after unification?

He formed an alliance with France, He provoked a war with Austria, ending Austrian rule it italian provinces, he supported Garibaldi efforts in the south and provided them weapons.

Describe What steps did Cavour take to promote Italian unity?

1. Nationalists wanted to throw off foreign rule. 2. Nationalists wanted to form new governments to protect basic rights. 3. Nationalists wanted to create national unity and liberal reforms.

Describe the role nationalism played in European revolutions in 1848.

Nationalism sparked uprisings and the spread of revolutionary ideas by it was spurred by enlightenment ideas, also Serb and Greece wanted independence from Ottoman empire.

Despite conservative efforts to suppress revolutions, uprisings exploded in Central Europe. How did nationalism spark uprisings and the spread of revolutionary ideas?

Population explosion made it hard to find work, Italians moved to different countries to escape political turmoil, Italians immigrated to search for better life.

Italian immigrant families with their baggage and belongings wait to board a ship at this crowded port. Draw Conclusions Why did many Italians emigrate to other countries in the early 1900s?

talk of liberty and equality

Haitian slaves rose up in revolt in 1791 after being inspired by

B. He extended voting rights and instituted social reforms.

How did Victor Emmanuel contain political unrest after unification? A. He violently put down demonstrations and dissent. B. He extended voting rights and instituted social reforms. C. He met with anarchists and brought them into the government. D. He worked with the Pope to bring people together.

The revolution of 1830 in France resulted in a constitutional monarchy. The 1848 revolution lead/ created the second republic. This republic had a constitution, had a strong president, and had voting rights.

How did the French governments created after the Revolutions of 1830 and 1848 differ?

They were different by the Belgium won independence and became an independent state. Poland did not. Polish nationalists were defeated by Russian forces.

How were the Belgian and Polish revolutions of 1830 different?

They were priests because they had close contact with the poor and native americans. The saw the living conditions of the native americans and felt compassion for there injustices these people suffered. Also, priests were well educated.

Hypothesize Why do you think Mexico's first two independence leaders were priests?

He disbanded the legislature. He believed me should make the rules and believed in absolute monarchy. Limited Press, limited right to vote.

What actions did Charles X take in 1830, and how did French citizens respond?

the ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity

What aspect of the French Revolution inspired creole leaders like Simon Bolivar

their belief that all Mexicans should benefit from improvements

What did Father Hidalgo and Father Morelos have in common

B. It dismantled tariff barriers between many German states.

What did the Zollverein economic union do for Prussia? A. It ended political fragmentation between German states. B. It dismantled tariff barriers between many German states. C. It unified Germany. D. It created a common currency for all German states.

A. Latin American leaders saw Spain's weakness as an opportunity to demand independence.

What effect did Napoleon's invasion of Spain have on Latin America? A. Latin American leaders saw Spain's weakness as an opportunity to demand independence. B. Latin American leaders wanted to prepare in case Napoleon invaded their lands. C. Latin American leaders wanted a new king after the Spanish king was ousted. D. Latin American leaders led an armed resistance against Napoleon.

The ideas of liberalism and nationalism.

What encouraged revolutionaries in Central Europe to fight the old order(absolute monarchies) ?

The revolts and changes of government in France.

What inspired the outbreak of uprisings in Europe?

D. Cavour worked secretly with the French to push Austria out of northern Italy.

What is one example of Cavour's helping the cause of Italian unification? A. Cavour worked secretly with the Pope to overthrow Victor Emmanuel. B. Cavour worked secretly with Garibaldi to establish a republic in southern Italy. C. Cavour worked secretly with the Spanish to push the French out of Sardinia. D. Cavour worked secretly with the French to push Austria out of northern Italy.

B. to build up the army

What was Bismarck's message in his "blood and iron" speech? A. to unite the Catholic Church and the government B. to build up the army C. to convince the legislature to promote social reform D. to urge Germans to go to war against Napoleon

A. to increase the power of Prussia

What was Chancellor Otto von Bismarck's main goal? A. to increase the power of Prussia B. to unify Germany C. to expand Germany's borders D. to form an alliance with French rulers

A. rapid population growth

What was one post-unification issue that encouraged some Italians to emigrate? A. rapid population growth B. encouragement of the Catholic Church C. expansion of rural farmlands D. required service in the military

A. A weak alliance of German states headed by Austria

What was the German Confederation? A. A weak alliance of German states headed by Austria B. The unification of the German states into one nation C. The unification of German states under Napoleon D. The annexation by France of German lands along the Rhine River

B. to unite Italy into an independent, republican nation

What was the goal of Young Italy?( Was a secret society) A. to keep Italy divided into separate city states B. to unite Italy into an independent, republican nation C. to unite Italy under an absolute monarch D. to separate Italy into north and south regions, each with its own government

The valued the Enlightenment ideas of freedom and individual rights

What was the main reason Bolivar and other educated creoles admired the American and French Revolutions?

Conservatives supported the stable and political social orders that existed under monarchies.

What was the primary goal of conservatives in the Concert of Europe?

The results were Belgium gained independence. The uprisings in Poland failed. France and Belgium gained new constitutional monarchies.

What were the results of the revolutions of 1830?

D. Camillo Cavour

Which Italian nationalist used Realpolitik techniques to strengthen Sardinia's economy? A. Giuseppe Garibaldi B. Victor Emmanuel C. Giuseppe Mazzini D. Camillo Cavour

The upper bourgeoisie

Which group did Louis Philippe's policies favor?

The economy was in a recession.(When the economy slows down and unemployment rises)

Which of the following made Paris "ripe for revolution" in 1848?

A. He launched a campaign to expand the navy and the German empire overseas

Which sentence below supports the conclusion that William II was a German nationalist? A. He launched a campaign to expand the navy and the German empire overseas. B. He believed his right to rule came from God. C. He wanted to form a European union. D. He resisted efforts to introduce democratic reform.

A. He felt they drew people's allegiance away from the German state.

Why did Bismarck try to limit the influence of the Catholic Church and socialists? A. He felt they drew people's allegiance away from the German state. B. He felt they had the financial means to support an uprising. C. He felt they had too many religious ideas. D. He worried they would join forces.

He believed conservative leaders would defend peace and stability.

Why did Metternich urge conservative leaders to suppress revolutionary ideas?

B. The French soldiers were sick and dying of yellow fever.

Why did Napoleon's men eventually surrender to Haitian forces? A. The Haitian general used advanced warfare tactics. B. The French soldiers were sick and dying of yellow fever. C. The French soldiers were untrained. D. The French soldiers were inexperienced.

C. There were still many regional differences.

Why did conflict in Italy continue even after unification? A. There were still many religious differences. B. There were still many linguistic differences. C. There were still many regional differences. D. There were still many geographical differences.

They saw it as an opportunity for capitalist entrepreneurs to succeed.

Why did liberals support a free market economy?

B. The uprisings failed as a result of military force and a lack of popular support.

Why did the majority of the European uprisings fail? A. The uprisings failed as a result of fighting between the classes. B. The uprisings failed as a result of military force and a lack of popular support. C. The uprisings failed because rebels from different countries did not work together. D. The uprisings failed because more people supported the monarchs.

C. A strong economy contributes to political stability.

Why do you think Germany was committed to maintaining its economic strength? A. A strong economy promotes revolution. B. A strong economy discourages population growth. C. A strong economy contributes to political stability. D. A strong economy leads to political changes.

He wanted Latin America to remain one independent nation

Why was Bolivar disappointed with the results of the Latin American Revolutions?

B. Bismarck spent a lot of money to build up a strong Prussian army.

Why was the Prussian army a superior force? A. The Prussian army was made up of farmers. B. Bismarck spent a lot of money to build up a strong Prussian army. C. The Prussian army developed superior weapons technology. D. Bismarck was a skilled military leader.

To prevent revolutionary ideas spreading to his or her country.

Why would a monarch order his army to suppress an uprising in another country?

Many different ethnic groups lived within empires. Each group was fiercely loyal to its nationality, as a result though it made people treat others differently. Breed intolerance and persecution of other ethnic groups.

Why would nationalism lead to intolerance and persecution of other ethnic or national groups?

Metternich is an upper class individual, he's a supporter of the monarchies. There's a lot of people angry, which is the middle class and they're protesting. The people are in opposition of the old order.

After the Congress of Vienna, liberals repeatedly protested and rebelled against the conservative order. How do the liberal protesters in this image differ in appearance from the image of the conservative leader Metternich in the previous text?

The had no political power. No representation or rule in government. Treated as second class citizens.

Analyze Charts: In Spain's Latin American colonies, the social structure reflected inequality among the classes. Why would creoles be likely to support and lead revolutions in Latin America?

Bismarck drafted a constitution that created a two house legislature, the upper house veto power over lower house. Upper house was appointed by the Kaiser and lower was appointed by German people. All real power was in hands of the Kaiser.

Analyze Charts: The newly created German empire, also called the Second Reich,had a constitution and a two-house legislature. How did the emperor and chancellor retain power in the new German government?

Lombardy, Venetia, were controlled directly by Austria. Tuscany, Parma, and Lucca were controlled by Hapsburg.

Analyze Maps On the Italian peninsula, the Congress of Vienna gave Austria control of the north, while monarchs ruled other Italian states. Which Italian states were controlled directly by Austria? Which were ruled by Hapsburg?

1867

Analyze Maps: By 1871, Germany had been unified. In what year was the North German Confederation formed?

Mexico gained independence in 1821.

Analyze Maps: In the 1820s and 1830s, Mexico and several Central American lands became independent nations. In what year did Mexico gain independence?

Gran Colombia broke up into 4 countries. (Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, and Panama) Was once a single nation that Bolivar created after liberating the region from the Spanish.

Analyze Maps: What was Gran Colombia? Why is it not on maps of present-day South America?

Spanish controlled New Granada.

Analyze Maps: Who controlled New Granada?

The crowd represents liberals and other reformers, and they wanted to live under a representative government, not a monarchy.

Analyze Political Cartoons A determined Prince Metternich stands firm, with an angry crowd behind him. Who does the crowd represent, and what do they want?

He decided he was going to get the socialist on his side, he sponsored social welfare laws, he had health, accident, and old age insurance to help people to cause no trouble.

Analyze Political Cartoons Bismarck tries to push the scary looking "Socialist Jack" back into the box. What did Bismarck do after his anti-socialist laws strengthened the socialist cause?

Garibaldi wants to bring liberty to italy, but the pope doesn't want to share his power. The pope is not happy because he does not support unification.

Analyze Political Cartoons Garibaldi suggests that Pope Pius IX trade his papal cap for the cap of "liberty" that he offers. What does Garibaldi want? How do you think the Pope feels about the offer?

They have a competitive relationship, enemies. Bismarck wants Germans to put their faith in the German nation above the church. The Pope wanted for more people to put faith in the church as opposed to an independent state such as Germany.

Analyze Political Cartoons: In this political game of chess, Bismarck and Pope Pius IX try to checkmate each other. How does this image reflect the relationship between Bismarck and the Pope? How would each player define victory?

Both revolutions inspired latin Americans. Also, inspired by the enlightenment ideas (freedom, liberty)

Check Understanding In what ways did the American and French Revolutions influence Latin Americans?

The where under fed, overworked, and they lived life with slavery and conditions were hard and bad.

Check Understanding What conditions led to the Haitian fight for independence?

Warfare, Foreign rule (Austria, France, Hapsberg), and Powerful foreign rulers controlled italian regions and quickly crushed revolts.

Check Understanding What forces hindered Italian unity?

Bismarck was afraid the government would lose support of the working class and they would turn to revolution under socialism.

Check Understanding Why did Bismarck try to dissolve socialist groups?

The goal of the Latin American revolutions was to rebellion and become free. Gain independence, and free themselves from colonial rule. (By revolutions) The revolutions failed to unite lands.

Compare and Contrast How did the goals of the Latin American revolutions differ from their results?

Liberals appealed to middle class of educated business people and professionals, they wanted a government based on written constitutions, separation of powers, natural rights of individuals(liberty, equality, and property), wanted a republican form of government, laissez faire economics, they would start a revolution if necessary to achieve their goals. Conservatives appealed to royalty, nobility, church leaders, and uneducated peasants, wanted royal families on their thrones, traditional social hierarchy, authority of established churches, respect and obedience to authority, stability order, and suppression of revolutions.

Conservatives and liberals had very different ideas about the role of government. How did their different ideologies affect European politics in the early-to-mid-1800s?

Germany possessed a large supply of natural resources such as iron and coal, had large population for industrialization (well educated people), entruperters and government who supported entruperters.

Describe What factors did Germany possess that made industrialization possible?

They would join the fight because they didn't want the revolution spread so they helped crush it before it go to there country.

Draw Conclusions: Toussaint's army defeated British, Spanish, and French armies to end slavery in Haiti and win independence from France. Why would the British and Spanish join the fight against the rebels?

Bismarck used realpolitik (realistic politics based on the needs of the state). Used deception. He used military power to unitify states. Started three wars and each he gained more territory.

Explain How did Bismarck unify the German states?

Nationalist groups revolted in the the Austrian empire. There was uprisings in the German and Italian states. While conserves stop many rebellions they could not stop nationalism from spreading. Why? People wanted more political power, and didn't want to be rules by an absolute monarch. Wanted protection of natural rights. Wanted freedom from foreign rule.

France's successful 1848 uprising sparked revolutions throughout Europe. How does the map show the difficulties conservatives had in stopping the spread of revolutionary ideas?

A. It became an industrial giant.

How did Germany increase its power in the late 1800s? A. It became an industrial giant. B. It allied with the Catholic Church. C. It built a navy to compete with Britain. D. It promoted the idea of socialism.

A. Iturbide decided to join the fight for independence to avoid liberal reforms.

How did Spain's new constitution affect the fight for Mexican independence? A. Iturbide decided to join the fight for independence to avoid liberal reforms. B. Spanish soldiers were unable to fight in Mexico because they were already engaged in other conflicts. C. Mexican revolutionaries were motivated to move to Spain. D. Mexican citizens demanded a return of conservative government.

D. improve conditions for the working class.

One purpose of the German Social Democratic Party was to A. end the control of private companies. B. create a classless society. C. undermine the German Empire. D. improve conditions for the working class.

A. Italy had been divided culturally and economically for hundreds of years.

Prince Metternich of Austria found the idea of Italian unification impossible because A. Italy had been divided culturally and economically for hundreds of years. B. most Italians wanted to be part of Austria, not part of Italy. C. a unified Italy would give the Papal States too much power. D. Austria, France, and Spain had ancient rights to Italian lands.

He wanted to be the sole ruler of the German empire, he didn't want to share his power.

Recall Why did William II ask Bismarck to resign?

No, because there very a variety of causes that lead to revolution. Economic hardships and a long list of complaints. The spread of enlightenment ideas. The growth of liberalism.( wanting change, a different form of government) growth of nationalism.

The revolutions of 1848 had many causes, including economic hardship. Could one single factor have led to such widespread rebellion? Why or why not?