TPI 1

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On the downswing what rotation do you have?

Rotates internally to the LEFT Rotates externally to the right

On the backswing what rotation do you have?

Rotates internally to the right And externally to the left

What does the yellow line mean kinematic sequence?

Shaft

What the impact plane line?

Shaft like at address and at shaft parallel to that

How do you measure efficiency?

TPI screen and kinematic sequence

How to Seated Trunk Rotation Test?

Begin by asking the client to get into a seated position with knees and feet together, body in an upright and erect posture, and arms extended out in the "W" position supporting a bar across the shoulders. Use two clubs or shafts on the ground to make two 45 degree angles to measure the players rotation. Ask the client to rotate the thorax both to the right and to the left as far as possible. See if the client can rotate past the 45 degree range on both sides. Many golfers rotate their shoulder blades back and forth and it looks like they are making a good shoulder turn, but they actual lack true thoracic spine rotation. This test assesses their true thoracic rotation with their shoulder blades locked in order to get a real picture of their spinal mobility.

How to perform Pelvic Rotation Test?

Begin by having the player assume a normal five-iron posture, with their arms crossed over the shoulders. Feet should be approximately shoulder width apart and their hands should be resting on the front of each shoulder. Once they are in position, instruct them to not move the upper body and to try and rotate the lower body (belt and below) back and forth. Look for any movement of their shoulders or excessive lateral motion of the pelvis versus rotation. It should appear as if the player is doing the twist with no shoulder motion. Continue testing in both directions being sure to monitor the fluidity of motion of the pelvis both in the right and left directions, because that fluidity is important in determining golf swing issues. Be sure to monitor the motion of all body segments above the waist line - including the torso, shoulders, arms, and head/neck region. A proper Pelvic Rotation Test will yield no motion above the waist line with only the pelvis rotating. It is acceptable for the legs and knees to be moving slightly along with the pelvis. However, any excessive knee bending and straightening should be noted. If they have difficulty performing this action, try to differentiate between a stability or mobility problem. Do this by holding their upper body stable for them as they try to rotate. If they still cannot separate, they have a mobility problem. If they can separate, they have a stability problem.

How to Perform the Torso Rotation Test

Begin by having the player assume a normal five-iron posture, with their arms crossed over their shoulders. Feet should be approximately shoulder width apart and the hands should be resting on the front of each shoulder. Once they are in position, instruct them to not move the lower body while trying to rotate the upper body (the torso) back and forth. Look for any movement of the hips or extension and side bend of the thoracic spine versus rotation. Continue testing in both directions being sure to monitor the coordination of motion, as this is important in determining golf swing issues. A proper Torso Rotation Test will yield no motion below the waistline with only the thorax and shoulders rotating. If they have difficulty performing this action, try to differentiate between a stability or mobility problem. Hold the pelvis stable for them while they try to rotate their upper body. If the client still can't separate, there is a mobility problem. If the client can separate at this point, it is a stability problem.

First line that goes positive is the

pelvis, then the thorax, then arm, then club. It's the exact same order as the peaking sequence, or deceleration sequence

What is angular velocity

Simply put, angular velocity is a measure of how fast something is turning or spinning around in a circle. It helps us understand how quickly an object is rotating. We measure this in degrees/second.

What's the ideal sequence pattern?

5-7-11-22

What is a stable joint?

Designed to move along one plane

What happens after a peak?

In fact, you should see that once a segment peaks it immediately begins slowing down, the very next segment begins to peak.

Why do we do the quarter rotation test?

This test measures the amount of hip and tibial internal/external rotation and foot inversion/eversion the player can perform standing.

What are the ways to measure kinematic sequence?

Visual, numerical, graphical

What to Look for in the Seated Trunk Rotation Test

Watch the client's knees and hips. It is imperative that the knees and pelvis stay still and point forward during the test.

What two thing does the kinematic sequence determine?

1 How much speed they create Does angular velocity substantially increase from one segment to the next? 2 The sequence in which it is generated

What is the single leg balance test?

1. Feet together 2. hands by side 3. Thigh parallel to ground How long can they maintain balance with eyes closed?

What fails single leg balance?

1. Foot position changes 2. Arms airplane out 3. Eyes open 4. Fall over

Causes for limitations leg bridge test

1. Lower Crossed Syndrome is the most common reason for a failed test. S posture. 2. Muscular Weakness

3 reasons your kinematic sequence is off

1. Mechanical 2. physical 3. Clubs don't fit

What are the 5 rules?

1. No warm up 2. "If it looks like a dog, smells like a dog, then it's a dog!" 3. "Monkey See, Monkey Do" 4. Shoes on for most of the testing 5. No pain

How do you score bridge extension?

1. Normal 2. Weak (shaking dropping one side harder) 3. Cramping

What are the 5 gangs?

1. SET/RELEASE CLUB, 2. UPPER BODY DISASSOCIATION, 3. CORE CONTROL, 4. LOWER BODY DISASSOCIATION, 5. MAINTAINING POSTURE

Definition of an efficient golf swing

1. They can repeat it 2. They can control it 3. Maximize power with no effort

How to Toe Touch Test?

Begin by having the player stand with feet together and toes pointing forward. NO KNEE BEND. Have them bend from the hips forward and try to touch the ends of the fingers to the tips of the toes, without bending the knees. It is imperative to go a step further to differentiate the cause if the client presents with a limitation in the toe touch. Ask the client to perform the same test. However, this time raise one of the heels slightly off the ground by using a lift of some sort (phone book, mat etc.). This will cause a slight bend in one knee while the other remains straight. Ask the client to bend over and touch the toes. Repeat in the opposite direction. They have a unilateral hip limitation, not a lower back or hamstring flexibility issue, if this test is tough on one side but easy on the other side. Tell the player to go as far as possible without pain and try to keep their knees straight throughout the entire test.

How to Perform the Overhead Deep Squat Test

Begin by standing with feet shoulder width apart and toes pointing forward. Grasp a club so that both elbows are bent 90 degrees, and extend the arms directly overhead, keeping the shaft in-line with the head and over the feet. Next, squat down as far as possible, while keeping the club as high above the head as possible. The test will stop if any of the following conditions are seen or felt: Pain or discomfort. The heels come off the ground. The club falls forward toward the ground. Loss of balance. This test has a series of checkpoints that need to be assessed in order to have a true understanding of the results. The following characteristics are tested: calf flexibility, thoracic extension, core stability, pelvic mobility, quadriceps flexibility and shoulder mobility. These checkpoints will be discussed in the following section.

What to look for in the 90/90 Test

The player has limited external rotation (less than spine angle) in the gleno-humeral joint. The player has limited stability in the scapulo-thoracic junction (external rotation decreases in golf posture). The player has both limited external rotation and limited stability in the scapulo-thoracic junction.

Positive vs negative angular velocity

It's important to distinguish between negative rotation and positive rotation within the Kinematic Sequence of the golf swing. When you're spinning away from the target (clockwise, for a right-handed golfer), we call that negative rotation. This is typically the backswing. When you're spinning toward the target (counterclockwise, for a right-handed golfer), we call that positive rotation. This is typically the downswing.

What is a mobile joint?

Joints that move in 3 planes of motion

What is the kinematic sequence?

Most efficient way to swing a golf club

How to identify flat shoulder plane?

Diagnose flat shoulder plane from the down the target line view with your video camera or with your eyes. Stop the video of the student's swing at the top of the backswing and simply draw a line connecting the top of each of their shoulders. This line should be parallel to their original shaft plane or pointing somewhere between the golf ball and four feet in front of the ball. If the line is pointing outside the four foot line or at the horizon, they have a flat shoulder plane

How to see reverse spine angle?

Draw a box around the head then around the hips and connect with a line.

What is posterior tilt?

Dump the water backwards in 5 iron stance

What is anterior tilt?

Dump the water out forward with your hips in 5 iron posture

What is early extension?

Early Extension occurs when the hips and spine of a golfer start to go into extension or straighten up too early on the downswing

What is a flat should plane?

Flat Shoulder Plane or Turn describes the angle of the shoulders as the student turns to the top of their backswing. At address, the spine is tilted due to the forward bend of the hips to allow you to get into the correct setup position. In the ideal swing, the shoulders would turn perpendicular to the tilt of the spine on the backswing. A flat shoulder plane is when the shoulders turn on a more horizontal plane than the axis of the original spine angle.

What does flat line mean?

Flat lines indicate a lack of acceleration or deceleration. If one segment speeds up but never applies the "brakes," or decelerates, it cannot efficiently transfer the maximum amount of power into the next segment of the body. It's as if this golfer rotated into their downswing, and their pelvis, trunk, arm, and club all continued spinning together through impact.

What is flying elbow?

Flying Elbow describes excessive movement of the trail elbow up and behind the player's body during the backswing. Proper movement of the shoulders and arms helps keep the golf club rotating on a circular path around the player. Excessive lifting or flying away with the trail elbow can severely limit a player's ability to keep the club on plane.

Maintaining posture?

Raising your arms up and down. Examples 90/90 Lat Test Overhead Deep Squat

How to Perform the 90/90 Test

Have the golfer stand tall and hold their right arm out to their side with 90 degrees of flexion in their elbow and 90 degrees of side abduction at the shoulder joint. Now, without letting the client bend their thorax backward, have the golfer try to externally rotate (rotating the hand up and back) their right hand as far as possible. Only continue rotating as far as the body will allow with no compromises in the posture (no arching of the back!). Never perform this test to the point of pain or discomfort. Once the client is in a fully externally rotated position, it is time to grade the degrees of rotation. We are going to place them into one of three categories: Less than Spine Angle - their forearm does not externally rotate past the angle of their spine angle (usually less than 90 degrees) Equal to Spine Angle - their forearm is parallel to their spine angle (usually 90 degrees) More than Spine Angle - their forearm externally rotates past their spine angle (usually greater than 90 degrees) Repeat on the opposite side. The next portion of this test will be to complete the same process with only one change, the set-up posture. In this portion of the exam, have your client get into a normal five iron set-up posture. Again, raise the elbow and arm to a 90/90 position and rotate the hand externally. Observe the forearm-spine angle relationship in the same fashion as during the standing portion of the exam. Repeat on the opposite side. Finally, note if there is a difference between standing posture rotation and the golf posture rotation. If the shoulder external rotation has decreased in golf posture, we know we will have some work to do with scapular stability in golf posture. Repeat on the opposite side. During the test, make sure they are only rotating their shoulders and not arching their spine. Do this by m

How to Lower Quarter Rotation Test?

Have the player put all their weight on one leg and bend the other knee, placing the toe on the ground next to the leg being tested. Have the player place their hands on their hips and try to rotate as far as possible in both directions. Make sure the player keeps the down foot pointing forward and all of the weight on the down leg. This forces the player to rotate only around the down leg. Repeat on the other leg and compare. Look for at least 60 degrees of pelvic rotation bilaterally.

What is the pelvic tilt test?

Have them get in a 5 iron stance and posterior tilt and anterior tilt

What is hiking?

Hiking describes the movement of the golfer's trail hip during transition and into the beginning of the downswing. Normally, there is a lateral weight shift towards the target combined with a big push from the lead foot at the start of the downswing causing the pelvis to lateral tilt right (left side goes higher) and move back away from the ball. Hiking is when the trail hip remains high too long or even goes higher (more tilt left) and the entire pelvis moves forward during transition and the start of the downswing. This can cause the space between the golfer and the ball to reduce, thus making it very difficult to find proper contact on the face of the club.

Limitations of quarter rotation test?

Hip joint arthritis Muscular, capsular, and myofascial restrictions in the hip and pelvic musculature

What's part 2 of pelvic rotation?

Hold the shoulders and see if it's mobility or stability.

What does shaking mean in pelvic tilt?

If there is a lot of shaking with the posterior tilt, they are probably not using those muscles on a regular basis in their golf swing.

If speed and sequence looks good we aren't concerned with what?

If your golfer's speed (wave heights) and sequence (wave order) look good, we typically aren't too concerned with the Firing Sequence (transition). We've seen many golfers with abnormal transitions whose kinematic sequence proved that they recover in time to efficiently transfer maximum speed and power to the ball.

How to Perform the Wrist Flexion Test

In a standing position, begin the test by extending both arms directly out in front of you. Make sure to keep the arms level (parallel) with the ground, and hands approximately at chest height. Form a fist with each hand with the palms facing the ground about 6-10 inches apart from one another. Next, ask the client to simply bend both fists downward toward the ground while keeping the arms locked and parallel to the ground.

How to Perform the Wrist Pronation/Supination Test

In a standing position, begin the test by having the player bend their elbows to 90 degrees with their arms by their sides and the forearms pointing directly in front of them. Next, set the thumbs to point towards the ceiling, and have both palms directly facing one another. Once in this position, begin the test by trying to rotate both hands outwards so that the thumbs roll laterally (Supination). Maintain the setup position with the straight and parallel forearms during the entire Supination portion of the test. Once the player gains as much range of motion into the Supination direction, begin the second portion of the test which is exactly opposite of the first portion. With forearms in the straight and parallel position, slowly bring the thumbs back towards the vertical and continue turning inwards as far as they can go, in a medial direction (Pronation). This should give the appearance of giving the "thumbs down".

How to Perform the Wrist Hinge Up/Down (Radial / Ulnar Deviation) Test

In a standing position, begin the test by placing the arms down by your side and bend the elbows to 90 degrees. Next, make a fist in each hand and set your thumbs to point towards the ceiling. Once in this position, you begin the test by trying to hinge the wrists up and down. Remember to keep both palms facing directly at one another, and elbows locked during both phases of this test.

What are you looking for when you look at a kinematic sequence?

Is green faster than red is blue faster green is yellow faster than blue Does red to green have the smallest increase in speed Does green to blue have the next And does blue to yellow have the largest

What is the stability mobility pattern?

It alternates!

Objective for single leg balance?

It highlights any ankle mobility or proprioceptive imbalances from left to right as well as overall stability in the core.

What does the blue line mean kinematic sequence?

Lead arm

How do you do bridge leg?

Lift each leg and count to 10. Ask what side was harder.

What should you be aware of with Pelvic tilt?

Look at the belt. We are only looking for pelvis movement.

What are your first objectives with TPI?

Look at the what/why/how

What to look for in the Torso Rotation Test

Look for two main physical components in this test: Mobility and Stability.

What to Look for in the Pelvic Rotation Test

Look for two main physical components in this test: Mobility and Stability. We are looking for a smooth turn to the right and to the left with no choppiness or lateral movement. Another key aspect of this test is to see if the player can stabilize their upper body and freely mobilize their pelvis.

What can S posture cause?

Lower back pain and early extension

What are causes of pelvic tilt?

Lumbar Spine Mobility Lower Crossed Syndrome (S posture) Poor coordination

What is the hook lying position?

Lying on back, knees bent, feet flat, hands up palms touching. Lift butt up and bring feet until vertical knees and heels match.

What to watch for pelvic rotation?

Make sure the belt buckle is turning not wagging like a tail.

What to Look for in the Cervical Rotation Test

Make sure the patients's mouth remains closed throughout all movements. Observe from the front and side. Normal range is touching chin to mid-collar bone bilaterally without pain. Do not coach the movement; simply repeat the instructions if needed. Was there pain? Could the movement be done?

What's the triangle of instruction?

Mental, instruction, equipment

What's lower body dissociation?

Mobility in the lower body, stability in the upper body. Examples Pelvic Rotation Lower Quarter Rotation Toe Touch

What's upper body dissociation?

Mobility in the upper body, and stability in the lower body. Examples Torso Rotation Seated Trunk Rotation Cervical Rotation

What does the red line mean kinematic sequence?

Pelvis

What's the sequence?

Pelvis (Red) reaches peak speed first. Throax (Green) reaches peak speed second. Arm (Blue) reaches peak speed third. Club (Yellow) reaches peak speed last, at Impact.

What is internal rotation?

Standing on right side turning into right side would be internal rotation.

What to look for in wrist flexion test?

The Wrist Flexion Test will give information regarding how much or how little the client is able to flex or "forward bend" their wrists

What's core control?

The ability to control the orientation of the pelvis. Examples Pelvic Tilt Bridge with Leg Extension Single Leg Balance

What is TPI philosophy on the body?

The body works in an alternating pattern of stable joints connected by mobile joints

How To Identify Loss of Posture

The easiest way to diagnose a loss of posture is to use the Triple Posture Line. Starting in the address position from the down-the-target line camera view, draw a line from the center of the player's head to the center of the waist. Next, draw a line from the center of the waist to the center of the knee. Finally, draw a line from the center of the knee to the center of the ankle. These lines make up the triple posture line. Now, advance the video to impact or just beyond. The majority of PGA Tour players maintain their posture angles through the impact position. If your player is moving off these lines during their golf swing then they have the Loss of Posture characteristic.

Physical Causes of a Limited Toe Touch Test

The first is an inflexibility of the hamstring muscle group, which will prevent the client from keeping the knees straight. The second is an improper forward flexion pattern. Many clients try to bend forward from their back (upper, mid and low) instead of flexing forward from the hip sockets.

What can the flat shoulder plane cause?

The flat shoulder turn or plane can cause the club to be out of position on the backswing that creates a shift in swing planes and a change in the original spine angles on the downswing which reduces the efficiency of the motion. As a result, the player will usually make compensations on the downswing with the body or hands to square the club face. This can also cause a loss of power in the swing as well as inconsistent ball striking.

What's the sequence after impact ?

Then the lower body decelerates first (red line on the graph), thorax second (green line), lead arm third (blue line) and the club shaft last (yellow line).

What to Look for in the Overhead Deep Squat Test

There are seven possible outcomes in the Overhead Deep Squat Test: 1. Full or Complete Overhead Deep Squat To be considered a full deep squat you must see the following at the bottom of the squat: Upper torso is parallel with tibia or toward vertical. Femur is below horizontal. Knees are aligned over feet. Feet are pointing forward (not flared out). Dowel is aligned over feet. 2. Arms Down Full Deep Squat We need to examine the movement further if the client performs the deep squat test and struggles in any way. At this point, we will ask them to repeat the test. This time, however, we will remove the golf club from above their head and ask them to simply place their hands behind their head with their thumbs on top of their shoulders and their fingers touching behind the neck. Now have them perform the deep squat test again. If by doing this, the test yields a full deep squat, then we know the client has an upper body issue. This tells us thoracic extension and shoulder mobility are most likely the issues that need to be addressed. 3. Arms Down Limited Deep Squat We select the "Arms Crossed Limited" box if the client cannot properly execute the squat without the club overhead. This tells us that further examination is needed in order to understand what the major limiting factor in this test might be - either core instability or ankle mobility. 4. Right or Left Calf Limited (Half-Kneeling Dorsiflexion Test) Oftentimes, a client will present with one or both heels lifting off the ground prior to obtaining the full deep squat. This can indicate a mobility issue with the calf and/or ankle. We will rule this out by performing a half-kneeling dorsiflexion test. Have the client kneel on one knee with the other foot out in front. Have them move the knee forward on the front foot as far as they can go without that heel comi

TPI philosophy ?

There's no one way to swing a club

What to look for with S posture in pelvic tilt?

This is important for those clients who start out in an "S" Posture from set-up. They will be limited in anterior tilt from the beginning since they are already starting in a maximum forward tilt position.

What causes C spine?

This posture can simply be the result of a poor set up position and can be corrected by physically adjusting the posture to a more neutral spine. Unfortunately, the majority of C-Postures are caused by a series of muscle imbalances and joint restrictions that are developed over many years.

Mobility Restrictions in the Pelvic Rotation Test

Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Mobility Muscular and Myofascial Restrictions in the Thorax and Spinal Muscles Hip Mobility

What does the green line mean kinematic sequence?

Thorax

For loss of stability in the Pelvic Rotation Test

Thorax stability

How to Perform the Cervical Rotation Test

To perform the test, have the client assume the starting position by standing erect with the feet together and toes pointing forward. The client then rotates the head as far as possible to the right, then flexes the neck, moving the chin toward the collarbone. Do not allow scapular elevation and protraction. Repeat turning left.

How to Perform the Lat Test

Use a wall sturdy enough for your client to place a good deal of their body weight against to perform this test. Ask the client to get into a modified wall-sit position with their knees just short of a 90-degree angle. The client should appear in a half-sitting position against the wall. Make sure that the feet are shoulder width apart and directly below the knees, not too close to the wall. In addition, make sure that the lower back is flush against the wall. Once in the proper half-sitting position, begin the test by having the client extend both arms out in front so they are parallel with the floor. Thumbs should be pointing upward and elbows should be locked. The distance between the arms/hands should be approximately the width of a volleyball or soccer ball. Ask the client to begin raising the arms up in front of them without bending the elbows as far as they can go, keeping the thumbs in the same direction. The test concludes when: Their elbows bend (creates the field goal look). The arch in their lower back increases off the wall. They reach pain or discomfort. The arms reach the wall. Once the client has reached the apex of the arm raise (seen by the bending of elbows, arching of the lower back, arrival of pain/discomfort, or touching of the wall) take a measurement using a 6-iron to see what degree of lat raise is present (you can use their nose to perform the test if no 6-iron is present). Place them into one of four categories: 120 degrees - Less than the lie angle of a 6-iron (Below the nose) Equal to 120 degrees - Equal to the lie angle of a 6-iron (Covers the nose) Between 121-169 degrees - Greater than the lie angle of a 6-iron but does not touch the wall (Between nose and the wall) Greater than 169 degrees - Touches the wall This will give a measurement of the mobility of the latissimus and the shoul

What to Look for in the Lat Test?

We are looking for how much shoulder flexion (this requires lat muscle flexibility and shoulder joint mobility) the client possess in this test. The PGA Tour average is 170 degrees. We are also looking for how limitations in shoulder flexion presents itself; elbows bending, back arching or pain and discomfort.

The Overhead Deep Squat Test has correlations to what in the golf swing?

We have found several correlations between this test and the golf swing through research at the Titleist Performance Institute . If a golfer is unable to perform a full deep squat with their heels on the ground, it is almost impossible to maintain posture during the downswing. We usually see these golfers thrust their lower bodies towards the golf ball and raise their torsos up during the downswing (early extension). This is often due to either tightness in their calf muscles and/or lack of pelvic stability due to weakness in their core. We also see a strong correlation between players who stand up out of their posture during the backswing (loss of posture/flat shoulder plane), and those who are unable to properly squat with the club over their heads. The Loss of Posture is usually due to limitations in the mobility of their lat muscles and thoracic spines.

What to Look for with the Toe Touch Test

We want to see the client demonstrate good hip hinge or forward bend. This range of motion is important for golfers because any restriction in hip hinge mechanics can lead to poor address and dynamic posture. Players will tend to get too rounded from the spine or have excessive knee bend to make up for limited hip bend. During the second portion of the test, we want to see whether or not the client can get into a toe touch with one foot slightly elevated. Many clients who present with a hip joint issue will show a limitation in one of the sides while performing the unilateral toe touch test.

What does weakness in each leg attribute to in the bridge with leg?

Weakness in the right glute can cause the player to lose lower body stability in the backswing and may limit power on the downswing. Weakness in the left glute can cause instability in the left leg through impact (slide) or forward movement toward the golf ball during the downswing (early extension).

What is S posture?

Where they arch their lower back

What is C posture?

Where they arch their upper back

What is over the top?

Where you swing over your plane

Set and release club?

Wrist mobility in all 3 planes(Flex/Extend, Hinge Up/Down, Pronate/Supinate) Examples Wrist Flexion/Extension Wrist Hinge Wrist Pronation/Supination

Limitations of single leg balance?

eyes, ears, and the nervous system. These three systems function together supplying the brain with tons of information from our surroundings and our bodies, so muscles and joints make appropriate adjustments.

Losing spine angle or altering posture usually causes two typical mis-hits

the block to the right and a hook to the left for a right handed player

When a line segment cross 0º/sec, and begins to go positive, it indicates

the exact moment that segment changes from the backswing and transitions into the downswing

If the wave heights or the wave order is not ideal

the transition could be a source of the problem, and it is therefore worth examining why the segments fired out of order.

If the client cannot perform the deep squat, the reason is typically focused in

two areas: upper and lower body mobility and core stability.


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