tpoic 2.11

2.10 A physical feature, such as a body of water, might actually aid transportation and migration because ocean travel may be easier than overland travel. However, if that physical feature hinders migration it is an example of Aan intervening obstacle. Ban environmental incentive. Ca cultural pull factor. Da forced migration. Ean environmental push factor.

A

2.10 Ellen is constantly moving in search of food. According to Zelinsky's Migration Transition, which stage would she be in? AStage 1 BStage 2 CStage 3 DStage 4

A

2.11 Enslaved Africans were brought to the Americas and the Caribbean in exchange for goods as part of the triangular trade in the sixteenth century. Which of the following best describes this type of migration? AForced migration BTransnational migration CInternal migration DChain migration EStep migration

A

2.11 In the early twenty-first century, the largest number of refugees is located on which of the following continents? AAfrica BAustralia CEurope DAsia ESouth America

A

A young man in Vietnam wishes to migrate to another country to help support his family. Judging by current trends, he would most likely migrate to AChina. BEurope. CBrazil. Dthe United States.

A

Apple iPhones are manufactured in Beijing China, the brand is owned by the Apple company, an American owned corporation. The value of the goods produced in this Beijing facility would be included in which economic measurement for the United States? A Gross National Product (GNP) B Gross Domestic Product (GDP) C Purchasing Power Parity D Human Development Index.

A

By tradition it is uncommon for women to hold personal bank accounts in Pakistan, and until the 1990s this was much the same in Bangladesh. Which of the following best explains the significant change in the percent of women with bank accounts in Bangladesh? A The increased access to microlending institutions for women, such as the Grameen Bank B The increased number of women leaders in national politics, such as Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina Wazed C The increased number of coeducational universities, such as the University of Dhaka D The decrease in access to landownership for many women, such as those working in agriculture E The decrease in the total fertility rate due to health initiatives, such as government-sponsored family-planning programs

A

Explain how the map represents an incomplete picture of the economy in India. A The data do not measure the informal economy, which in regions with high employment in agriculture could be significant. B The data are measured per capita, so the total economy for each state in India cannot be compared. C The data do not show the different sectors of the economy, so states in India with low employment in agriculture appear to be wealthier. D The data do not include population figures, and without that information an accurate comparison cannot be made. E The data are measured in rupees and cannot be compared to data from countries that use a different currency.

A

The higher gross domestic product per capita in some less developed countries such as Brazil, South Africa, and Malaysia is best explained by increases in the value of the country's A manufacturing output and service industry employment B textile and clothing manufacturing C agricultural land development and the number of farmers D foreign aid payments and food aid from other countries E women-owned business and microloan programs

A

Which of the following statements explains the data relationship between the statistics shown in the table? A A high level of economic development does not guarantee that women will have an equitable position in society. B A high level of economic development guarantees that women will have an equitable position in society. C A high GII score indicates high levels of gender equality and a high level of economic development. D A high GII ranking, in the top 6, indicates a low level of gender equality and a high level of economic development. E A high GII ranking, in the top 6, indicates a high level of gender equality and a low level of economic development.

A

2.10 Flooding, governmental takeovers by harsh regimes and unemployment are all examples of Aintervening obstacles Bpush factors Ccultural pull factors Denvironmental push factors Epolitical pull factors and push factors

B

2.10 Which of the following events would be considered a migration pull factor? Aflooding of a river Bopening of a new factory Ca failed harvest Dcivil war

B

2.11 Hubble was not able to find a job in his country (A). He decided to move to a new country (B) with more job opportunities. Hubble's migration from A is considered an example of Ain migration. Bout migration. Cintraregional migration. Dinterregional migration.

B

2.11 Katie currently lives in Omaha, NE, but dreams of becoming a fashion designer. In order to follow her dreams she plans to move. According to Ravenstein she is more likely to move to AMilan, Italy. BNew York City, New York. CParis, France. DTehran, Iran.

B

2.11 The most prominent type of intraregional migration in the world is Aregion to region. Brural to urban. Curban to rural. Dnorth to south.

B

2.11 The nineteenth-century emigration of a large number of Swedes from a particular region of Sweden to Isanti County, Minnesota, as a result of communications from friends and relatives who preceded them there is an example of Abrain drain Bchain migration Cnet migration Dinternal migration Ecounterurbanization

B

2.11 Which of the following types of migration are correctly explained by the example given? AInternational migration and forced migration: Family A from Beijing moves to Minneapolis so that the parents can attend graduate school. BInternational migration and voluntary migration: Family A from Mumbai has convinced their close friends Family B to emigrate to London as they did in order help start up their business. CInternal migration and forced migration: Couple A from Berlin has convinced their close friends Couple B to move to Greece and live in the same retirement community. DInternal migration and voluntary migration: Family A from Baghdad are resettled by the United States for political asylum in Detroit. EInternally displaced persons and forced migration: Couple A from rural Brazil move to São Paulo to find better job opportunities.

B

2.12 When young women leave the Philippines to work on cruise ships and send much of their earnings home, those monies are referred to as Asavings. Bremittances. Cinternational exchanges. Dliquid assets.

B

2.12 Which factor most often causes voluntary migration? Ainternational Beconomic Ca regional conflict Denvironmental Epolitical

B

Which statement below would best illustrate the gravity model? A. Migrants are most likely to migrate to rural areas since goods and land are cheaper compared to urban areas B. Migrants are most likely young adults who are crossing international borders C. Migrants are most likely to migrate to large urban areas, even if they're further away D. Migrants traditionally are women looking for political rights and protection E. Migrants always migrate to the closest settlement

C

2.10 A permanent move to a new location is Anet migration. Bmobility. Cnet in-migration Dmigration. Enet out-migration.

D

2.10 Many Argentinians who fled the country in the 1970s, when the country was ruled by a military regime, returned to the country after democratic elections were held in 1983. We might categorize this as an example of Anet migration changing to gross migration. Ban economic migration factor changing to an environmental migration factor. Cvoluntary migration changing to forced migration. Da push factor changing to a pull factor. Ea pull factor changing to a push factor.

D

2.10 Which of the following is NOT an example of a typical intervening obstacle? Aa desert Bstrict visa laws Cborder controls Droads

D

2.10 Which of the following is the best example of a migrant? AA child who visits her aunt for the weekend BA family who vacations out of state on holiday CA man who commutes daily from his suburban home to the inner city DA retiree moving from New York to Florida EA woman who makes an annual religious pilgrimage

D

2.11 A refugee enters the European Union in Italy and is temporarily housed in Germany. He is then granted asylum and is permanently settled in Sweden. Which of the following describes this type of migration that is facilitated by the European Union's open border policies? AChain migration within the refugee's family and social network BGuest worker migration based upon the free movement of labor CAs an internally displaced person within a single state DStep migration across member states to a final destination EAs a rural-to-urban migrant seeking employment opportunities

D

2.11 According to demographers and geographers (Ravenstein), historical trends indicate those most likely to migrate long distances are Achildren. Byoung adults. Cthe elderly. Dmen.

D

2.11 Which of the following people would you predict to be most likely to engage in voluntary migration in the near future? AA youth whose parents have just been murdered because they helped form a labor union in a traditionally exploited province of a developing country. BA tennaged girl whose family's home has just been destroyed by a volcanic eruption, which has also rendered the entire valley uninhabitable. CThe dictator of a Southwest Aisan country who has just 'won' another fraudulent election. DA teenaged girl in China whose rural family has enough food to eat but lacks the money to expand the size of their house, and would like to plan to send a younger sibling to college in the future.

D

2.11 You might propose a(n) ___________ program for your country if you wanted to hire a large number of manual laborers from neighboring countries to work construction or in oil fields, with the understanding that they would not be granted any other privileges or legal status in your country, after the projet is finished. Aunauthorized worker Bunauthorized hiring Cchain migration Dguest worker Eengineering obstacle

D

What benefit do guest workers provide to their native country? Asend home money Breduce unemployment Cstimulate the economy Dall of the above

D

Which of the following describes forced migration? A Residents from New Orleans, United States, being displaced during Hurricane Katrina B Residents from Sendai, Japan, being displaced during an earthquake and related tsunami C Population movement to cities with more job opportunities created by economic recession D British convicts shipped to Australia in the mid-eighteenth to mid-nineteenth centuries E Northern Europeans moving to southern European countries for health reasons

D

Based on the data in the table, which of the following statements explains a limitation of using gross national income per capita compared to the Human Development Index as a measure of development? A Using gross national income per capita in a composite measure of development does not allow for cross-national comparisons of purchasing power, a key indicator of development. B Using gross national income per capita as a measure of development puts too much importance on economic production as the sole measure of development. C The importance of gross national income per capita as a measure of development is reduced because it factors in life expectancy and education with the value of economic production. D Gross national income per capita does not factor in population and therefore reduces the overall accuracy as a measure of development. E The differences in gross national income per capita as a measure of development are less exaggerated between more developed countries than between less developed countries.

B

Japan has a low birth rate and a high life expectancy. Which of the following explains why Japan will struggle with demographic challenges in 30 years? A Too many youth dependents for the education system will require increased taxes. B An aging population needing health care will require more public funding. C Too many workers for available jobs will lead to high rates of unemployment. D A rapidly increasing population will strain the country's infrastructure. E A rapidly increasing population will strain the available food supply.

B

Purina Pet Food is manufactured in St. Louis, Missouri, and is one of the brands owned by the Nestle Company, a Swiss-owned multinational corporation. The value of the goods produced in this St. Louis facility would be included in which economic measurement for the United States? A Gross National Product (GNP) B Gross Domestic Product (GDP) C Purchasing Power Parity D Human Development Index.

B

Rostow's stages of development can easily be applied to countries such as the United States and Japan, but not so easily to countries such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Bolivia, because the theory A is predicated on less developed countries receiving financial assistance from more developed countries B places emphasis on developed nations having less developed nations to exploit for resources C ignores unevenness in development across the globe D does not take into account the interdependence of places and regions E highlights the semiperiphery as the most successful in development

B

The migration transition model predicts that international migration is happening most often during ________ of the demographic transition. Astage 1 Bstage 2 Cstage 3 Dstage 4 Estage 5

B

Which of the following answers would Ravenstein NOT agree with A. Migrants who cross international borders are mostly men B. Immigration hurts economic development C. Many migrants come from rural to urban areas D. When a person migrates to a new location a counterstream is created E. The number one reason why people migrate is economics

B

Which of the following best explains a political-economic weakness or limitation of Rostow's stages of economic growth? A The model does not hold up to modern times because essentially all countries around the world have moved through Rostow's stages of economic growth as expected. B Rostow made the inaccurate assumption that all countries want modernization as defined in the model and would pass through the outlined stages in order. C According to Rostow, countries will become less dependent on the sales of their commodities as they advance. D Some critics claim commodities were exchanged between core and periphery areas well before modern times. E The stages as defined by Rostow are not useful because sustainability is not addressed.

B

2.10 A country has net in-migration if immigration ____________ emigration. Ais closer to net migration than Bis less than Cis greater than Dvaries more than Eequals

C

2.10 A student who lives in Minneapolis chooses to spend her spring break in Florida rather than in Jamaica because Florida is closer and the plane fare is cheaper. This type of decision-making best illustrates the concept of Ahuman capital Btime space compression Cintervening opportunities Dthe rank size rule Ecentral place theory

C

2.11 Brewster has started to get older. As he ages he decided he no longer enjoys the cold Nebraska winters. He begins to spend his winters in Arizona. What type of migration is this? Ainternational Bchain Ccyclical Dstep

C

2.11 Yohan did not want to face life as a child soldier in Sudan so he decided to migrate to the neighboring country of Chad. He hopes to be recognized as a Amigrant worker. Bguest worker. Casylum seeker. Duniversity student.

C

Raenstein's laws can be organized into three groups. Which of the following is NOT one of the "laws"? AWhy migrants move BThe general characteristics of migrants CEthnicity of migrants DThe distance migrants move

C

Which of the following explains the development patterns for a country that has a large proportion of its economy engaged in the secondary economic sector? A The country exhibits extremely high land values as vast acreage is needed for manufacturing plants and luxury housing developments for manufacturing executives. B The country has an aging urban population and is importing day laborers from rural areas to keep up with the demands of production. C The country has a large population of well-educated labor, but it is widely dispersed around the country, distant from manufacturing facilities and employment opportunities. D The country has access to shipping lanes and inexpensive transport options that lead to establishment of factories close to raw materials or to markets, depending on the manufacturing process. E The country has available resources important to manufacturing, such as water and fossil fuels, but access is limited in many areas.

D

Which of the following explains the most significant weakness of Wallerstein's world system theory? A The levels of development described in world system theory have little in common with the levels described in Rostow's stages of growth. B World system theory relies on a global system of trade, without which industrializing states like Brazil could not develop economically. C World system theory does not explain that historical core countries, like China, could decline and be reclassified as semiperiphery. D World system theory provides little explanation about how a country like South Korea could rise from a peripheral country to a core economy. E World system theory does not factor labor as a resource that all countries are dependent on for economic development.

D

2.10 Which of the following best describes the "+" signs shown in the figure? AFactors that cause people to be dissatisfied with their present location BFactors that make people want to migrate somewhere else CThe attributes that neither appeal nor satisfy potential migrants DThe complications that potential migrants will need to overcome to reach their destination EThe attributes of other places that make them appealing to potential migrations.

E

2.12 According to the graphs, from which continent did the largest number of immigrants move from to the United States during the nineteenth century? AAsia BSouth America CNorth America DAfrica EEurope

E

2.12 According to the graphs, in the 1880s, which country sent the largest number of immigrants to the United States? AHungary BMexico CRussia DPhilippines EGermany

E

2.12 According to the graphs, in which decade did the largest number of Mexicans move from Mexico to the United States? B1880s C1900s D1970s E1990s

E

2.12 An example of __________ is the migration of doctors and engineers to the United States after they have received years of government-financed schooling and training in Colombia. Acohort migration Bchain migration Cnet migration Dchain drain Ebrain drain

E

In a number of countries there remains significant inequality between men and women. Based on a comparison of the patterns on the map, which of the following statements draws an accurate conclusion? A Women in Russia have more equality with men than do women in China. B Women in South Africa have less equality with men than do women in Brazil. C Women in India have more equality with men than do women in other Asian countries. D Women in Australia have less equality with men than do women in China. E Women in Libya have more equality with men than do women in other African countries.

E

The map shows gross domestic product (GDP) by country. Which of the following factors best explains a limitation of GDP by country in comparing the level of productivity among countries? A Different agricultural outputs, such as Malaysia, Russia, and Greece B Similar-sized land areas, such as Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom C Significant petroleum exports, such Iran, Iraq, and Mexico D Similar workforces, such as South Korea, Spain, and France E Different population sizes, such as China, Japan, and the United States

E