Trojan War

Explain the expression "Apple of discord"

A reference to golden Apple. Means beginning of argument turning into a big dispute

How does Ulysses (aka. Odysseus) show wisdom in preventing a war among the rivals for Helen's hand in marriage? How does this suggestion lager come back to haunt him?

He makes them promise to work together if someone hurts Helen, but he ends up not keeping this promise.

What date awaits Agamemnon upon his return to Greece? Why?

He was killed by his wife Clytemnestra servants, bc he sent their daughter to Aulis to marry Achilles, but he sacrificed her to Diane

Why did the king and queen of Troy, Priam and Hecuba, seek to have their son, Paris, killed shortly after his birth?

He was meant to destroy his people

Who is the most noble and valiant warrior for the Trojans?

Hector

What becomes of Helen?

Helen returns to Sparta with Menelaus and they were delayed by storms in the ill-favor of gods and go on to live a happy life and they have a daughter named Hermione

Why is Achilles considered almost invulnerable? What is his one vulnerable spot?

His body was dipped in the river of Styx. Except for his heel where he was killed

Explain the term "Achilles heel"

A weakness or vulnerable point

In the tenth year of the war, Agamemnon and Achilles argued over "the spoils of the war" when Agamemnon demands that Achilles give him the woman he had captured earlier after Agamemnon has to give his back. How does this hurt the cause of the Greeks?

Achilles mother asked Jupiter to make Trojans win for a while, so they take his armor and the Greeks got scared away

How does Achilles act ignobly following his defeat of Hector? Why does he finally relent?

Achilles venues his rage on the Trojan hero and he attached the corpse of Hector to his Chariot and drags it in triumph around walls of Troy. He finally relents by the approachable of Priam and she reminds him of his aged father Peleus which forces his allowance of the burial of Hector.

How do the Greeks finally defeat the Trojans? What becomes of the city of Troy and its inhabitants?

By sneaking in through the horse and tricking the Trojans into letting them in to center of the city. Troy is burned to the ground and left to ruins and majority of people killed or enslaved

Who is Cassandra? What is her curse? Why?

Cassandra is one of the alabes Agamemnon carried home and daughter of Priam and Hecuba. Her curse was that she can tell the future, but no one will believe her since Apollo asked her to give a proficy for him, but she rejected

What finally brings Achilles back into battle? How does this help the cause of the Greeks?

Grief brings Achilles back in battle bc he wants to go and search for Hector. Helps Greeks because once he obtains his magnificent armor, the Trojans fled with fear

What promises do the three goddesses make in hopes of being granted the title of the Fairest? Who is chosen?

Juno promised a great power and happiness, Minerva promised wisdom and respect, Venus promised the most beautiful women to be his wife. Venus is chosen/won.

Which three goddesses seek the title of "The Fairest"? Why is Paris, a young prince of Troy, appointed to judge this contest?

Juno, Venus, Minerva. Troy appointed by Jupiter bc Jupiter didn't want to do it

Who tried to warn the Trojans against the "gift"? What happens to him?

Laocön warns; priest. 2 serpents rise out of the sea and strangle him and his children

Who are the parents of Helen? Why is she so sought after?

Leda and Jupiter were parents. Sought after because she was the most beautiful women.

Explain the expression, "Beware of Greeks bearing gifts."

Means if your enemy is suddenly being nice, be suspicious

Explain the expression, "The have that launched a thousand ships."

Means you are very beautiful

Explain the expression, "he works or fights like a Trojan"

Means you endure, persevere, or never give up despite attack

Who finally defeats Achilles? How?

Paris defeats Achilles by discharging a poisoned arrow at his vulnerable heel, causing him to die

How does Patroclus help to turn the tide of the war? How is he finally defeated?

Patroclus slayed Sarpendon and swept onward in a victorious course. Defeated when Hector confronts him and they fight and he falls mortuary wounded by spear of Hector.

After Eris, the Goddess of Discord, is not invited to the wedding of Peleus and Thetis, how does she take revenge?

She made the contestants compete for the Apple meant for the fairest

Why do the Furious pursue Orestes? How is he finally freed from their pursuit?

They pursue Orestes bc he killed his mom and then he was freed from their pursuit bc he visited this temple to sacrifice his sister by order of Apollo

What do the Trojans do with the horse? How do they celebrate their victory?

They take horse inside by tearing down section of wall and put it in center of city. Norse day of celebration.

Whose idea is the wooden horse? On what pretense do the Greek leave the horse behind as they "depart"

Ulysses idea. The Greeks supposedly left the horse behind by accident. Built as an offering to Minerva. Built monstrous in size to protect them from taking it in side and gaining her favor.

Which gods and goddesses side with the Greeks? The Trojans?

Venus and Mars side with the Greeks. Juno, Minerva, and Neptune sided with the Trojans

What three things delay the Greeks in setting off to battle the Trojans? Explain each event and how it is resolved.

a) Ulysses didn't keep pledge but Palamedes convinced him b) needed Achilles to lead them, but mother wouldn't let him fight, but they found him and convinces him to fight c) Agamemnon kills a sacred stag of Diana so she punishes Greek army with plague