Tube Angulations
Swimmer's C Spine (Cervicothoracic Lateral)
*Optional* CR angled 3-5 caudad
AP Foot
10 posteriorly
Scaphoid
10-15 angled toward elbow
AP Toes
10-15 toward calcaneous
Modified Robert's Method (AP Axial Thumb)
15 Proximally (to first CMC joint)
Weight Bearing AP Foot
15 posteriorly
AP Lordotic
15-20 Cephalad
AP Axial Clavicle
15-30 Cephalad Thin/ Asthenic PT: more angled (~25-30) Hypersthenic PT: less angled (~15-20)
Gaynor- Hart Method
25-30 to long axis of hand
AP / AP Weight Bearing / Oblique Knee <19cm
3-5 caudad
AP / AP Weight Bearing / Oblique Knee >24cm
3-5 cephalad
Axial Calcaneous
40 to long axis of foot
Lateral Knee
5-7 cephalad
Hughston (Sunrise/ Tangential Patella)
Knee flexed 50-60 CR angled 45 cephalad
AP Axial Coccyx
CR 10 caudad
AP Axial Sacrum
CR 15 cephalad
AP Axial Cervical Spine
CR 15-20 cephalad
Merchant (Sunrise/ Tangential Patella)
CR 30 cuadad
AP Axial Inlet Pelvis
CR 40 caudal
Lateral L5-S1 Lumbar Spine
CR 5-8 caudal (if spine is not parallel to table)
Lateral T Spine (Broad Shoulders)
CR angled 10-15 cephalic
Danelius Miller Method (Axiolateral Inferosuperior Lateral Hip- Trauma)
CR horizontal perp to femoral neck area
Lawrence Method (Inferosuperior axial shoulder)
CR horizontal with 25-30 degree directed medially to axilla
Settegast (Sunrise/ Tangential Patella)
Knee flexed 90 CR angled 15-20 cephalad
Camp Coventry (Intercondylar Fossa View)
Knees flexed 40-50 - CR matches
Coyle Method
For radial head & neck: elbow flexed 90, CR angled 45 toward shoulder (centered @ radial head) For coronoid process: elbow flexed 80, CR angled 45 away from shoulder (centered to coronoid process)
Holmblad (Intercondylar Fossa View)
Knees flexed 60-70 - CR matches
Inferosuperior (Sunrise/ Tangential Patella)
Knee flexed 40-45 CR angled 10-15 from lower legs
AP Axial Outlet Pelvis
Male: 20-35 cephalad Female: 30-45 cephalad
AP Axial Sacroiliac Joints
Male: CR 30 cephalad Female: CR 35 cephalad
Oblique Cervical Spine
RPO/ LPO: CR 15-20 cephalad RAO/ LAO: CR 15-20 caudad
Modified Stecher Method
Use of 20 degree sponge, NO CR angle
