Tumor Classification, grading and staging

T1,2,3,4

ascending degrees of tumor size and involvement

tumor Grading evaluates:

-cell differentiation -estimates rate of growth

M 1, M 2, M 3

-increasing degrees of metastatic involvement of the host -including distant nodes

staging refers to:

-relative size of the tumor -extent of disease

classification system commonly used to staged tumors

TNM

TNM system: M denotes:

distant metastasis

T IS

in situ

nurses can provide valuable help drink this very difficult time of cancer diagnosis by:

keeping clients actively involved in magian their life and disease

TNM system: N indicates:

lymph node involvement -presence and extent

N 0

no abnormal regional nodes

M 0

no evidence of distant metastasis

T 0

no evidence of primary tumor

N 1b, N 2b, N 3b

regional nodes *metastasis expected*

N 1 a, N 2 a

regional nodes *no metastasis*

N x

regional nodes cannot be assessed clinically

tumors are classified and named by the:

tissue or cell origin

TNM system: T stands for

tumors size and invasiveness