Types of Aphasia (from the table)
Global Aphasia
Aphasia - Area(s) of Brain Affected: Both Broca's and Wernicke's; usually due to an obstruction to the middle cerebral artery (MCA), whose central trunk feeds both areas
Non-fluent (Broca's) Aphasia
Aphasia - Area(s) of Brain Affected: Broca's area (left posterior inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann's areas 44 and 45) in dominant hemisphere - usually left)
Anomia
Aphasia - Area(s) of Brain Affected: Some studies suggest damage to Broca's (expressive) or Wernicke's (receptive), but more recent studies suggest damage to the left parietal lobe (arcuate fasiculus)
Fluent (Wernicke's) Aphasia
Aphasia - Area(s) of Brain Affected: Wernicke's area (posterior section of the superior temporal gyrus (Brodmann area 22) in dominant hemisphere - usually left)
Conduction (associative) aphasia
Aphasia - Area(s) of Brain Affected: Arcuate fasiculus -deep white matter tract that connect Broca's and Wernicke's areas; supramarginal gyrus of the parietal lobe
Non-fluent (Broca's) Aphasia
Aphasia - Comprehension: May be mildly impacted, but largely intact
Fluent (Wernicke's) Aphasia
Aphasia - Comprehension: Significantly impaired; unable to understand language in written or spoken form
Global Aphasia
Aphasia - Comprehension: Unable to understand what others are saying, and unable to repeat what they've heard
Agraphia (with fluent aphasia vs with non-fluent aphasia)
Aphasia - Comprehension: Usually intact and not impacted
Anomia
Aphasia - Comprehension: Usually intact and not impacted
Conduction (associative) aphasia
Aphasia - Comprehension: Usually intact and not impacted
Agraphia (with fluent aphasia vs non-fluent aphasia)
Aphasia - Expression: Difficulty in producing written speech
Conduction (associative) aphasia
Aphasia - Expression: Frequent errors in spontaneous speech (substituting or transposing sounds); significant difficulty in repeating phrases, particularly as the phrases become more complex and longer
Non-fluent (Broca's) Aphasia
Aphasia - Expression: Halting and effortful; "telegraphic speech"; leave out prepositions and articles
Anomia
Aphasia - Expression: Speech is fluent, able to speak with correct grammar; the problem comes when trying to find the appropriate word to identify an object or person; speak in a roundabout way to avoid what they cannot name; sometimes being given "hints" can help person recall the name.
Global Aphasia
Aphasia - Expression: Unable/difficult to produce or repeat language; may be unable to speak at all, or may be able to make "a few short utterances"
Fluent (Wernicke's) Aphasia
Aphasia -Expression: Effortless, able to use grammar, syntax, rate, and intonation; because they cannot understand their own speech, though, their speech may lack meaning without them being aware
Agraphia (with non-fluent aphasia)
Aphasia Description: *write brief sentences, but writing is difficult to read
Conduction (associative) aphasia
Aphasia Description: *Intact auditory comprehension *fluent but paraphrastiv speech production; poor speech repetition
Global Aphasia
Aphasia Description: *both expressive and receptive aphasia *inability to comprehend or form speech, and inability to repeat the speech one has heard (i.e., usually mute) *reading and writing are also usually difficult
Non-fluent (Broca's) Aphasia
Aphasia Description: *expressive aphasia *partial loss of ability to produce written or spoken speech while comprehension remains largely intact
Anomia
Aphasia Description: *mild fluent aphasia *individuals have word retrieval failures and cannot express words they want to say (esp. nouns and verbs) *can describe in detail and use hand gestures, but cannot name noun/verb *"tip of tongue" phenomenon
Fluent (Wernicke's) Aphasia
Aphasia Description: *receptive aphasia *inability to understand language in written of spoken form
Agraphia (with fluent aphasia)
Aphasia Description: *write a normal quantity of well-formed letters, but don't write meaningful words
Both involve production of speech (anomia is a milder form) which is halting and incomplete - perhaps dysfunction in the arcuate fasiculus?
Both conduction aphasia and anomia have been linked to damage to the arcuate fasiculus - why would this be, when the symptoms are not the same?
Global Aphasia; Global Aphasia is usually caused by an obstruction to the MCA, which affects a large portion of the perisylvian region of the left (contralateral) cortex
In which type of aphasia do you usually see right sided weakness of the face and hemiplegia? Why?
When a person with receptive aphasia speaks over others because they cannot understand their own speech
What is meant by "press of speech" (not pressured speech)?
Dysarthia
What is the inability to move the muscles of the tongue and mouth?
Handwriting is a function of several different "cognitive, kinesthetic, and perceptual-motor components (Reisman, 1993), including visual and kinesthetic perception, motor planning, eye-hand coordination, visual-motor integration, dexterity, and manual skills," some and/or many of which may be sensitive to age-related cognitive changes (i.e., it is not because of deficits purely in one area).
Why would writing disorders be an early manifestation of Alzheimer's Disease?
