types of bias

Discuss a possible advantage of offering rewards or incentives to increase response rates.

A possible advantage of offering rewards or incentives to increase response rates is that respondents put more effort into completely and accurately answering the survey questions because they feel obligated.

Are there any​ disadvantages to rewards and incentives?

A possible disadvantage of offering rewards or incentives to increase response rates is that the people interested in the rewards or incentives differ from the population in some way that is important to the​ study, causing biased results.

nonresponse bias

exists when individuals selected to be in the sample who do not respond to the survey have different opinions than those who do.

response bias

exists when the answers on a survey do not reflect the true feelings of the respondent.

sampling bias

means that the technique used to obtain the​ sample's individuals tends to favor one part of the population over another

under coverage bias

occurs when the proportion of one segment of the population is lower in a sample than it is in the population.

What are the advantages of having a presurvey with open questions to assist in constructing a questionnaire that has closed​ questions?

Answer: The. researcher can learn common answers. A presurvey could give the researcher an idea of what the most common responses are from a population. The researcher could then use these responses as the answers to closed questions in the actual survey

Non Response Bias Notes

Nonresponse bias can be controlled using callbacks. For​ example, if nonresponce occurs because a mailed questionnaire was not​ returned, a callback might mean phoning the individual to conduct the survey. If nonresponse occurs because an individual was not at​ home, a callback might mean returning to the home at other times in the day or on other days of the week. Using rewards and incentives is another method to improve nonresponse. Rewards may include cash payments. Incentives may include a cover letter that states that the responses to the questionnaire will determine future policy. Nonresponse bias can be controlled using callbacks. For​ example, if nonresponce occurs because a mailed questionnaire was not​ returned, a callback might mean phoning the individual to conduct the survey. If nonresponse occurs because an individual was not at​ home, a callback might mean returning to the home at other times in the day or on other days of the week. Using rewards and incentives is another method to improve nonresponse. Rewards may include cash payments. Incentives may include a cover letter that states that the responses to the questionnaire will determine future policy.

What are solutions to nonresponse bias

Offer rewards and incentives, and attempt callbacks