Types of imagining, testing, procedures

Which term is used to describe removal of breast tissue and axillary lymph node dissection leaving muscular structure intact as surgical treatment of breast cancer? 1 Segmental mastectomy 2 Modified radical mastectomy 3 Total mastectomy 4 Radical mastectomy

2 A modified radical mastectomy leaves the pectoralis major and minor muscles intact. In a segmental mastectomy, varying amounts of breast tissue are removed, including the malignant tissue and some surrounding tissue to ensure clear margins. In a total mastectomy, breast tissue only is removed. Radical mastectomy includes removal of the pectoralis major and minor muscles in addition to breast tissue and axillary lymph node dissection.

Which treatment involves implantation of interstitial radioactive seeds under anesthesia to treat prostate cancer? 1 Hormone therapy 2 Brachytherapy 3 Teletherapy 4 Chemotherapy

2 Brachytherapy involves the implantation of interstitial radioactive seeds under anesthesia. Hormone therapy for advanced prostate cancer suppresses androgenic stimuli to the prostate by decreasing the level of circulating plasma testosterone or interrupting the conversion to or binding of DHT. Teletherapy involves 6 to 7 weeks of daily radiation treatments. High-dose ketoconazole (HDK) lowers testosterone through its abilities to decrease both testicular and endocrine production of androgen.

Which is the initial diagnostic test for a stroke? 1 Carotid Doppler 2 Electrocardiography 3 Transcranial Doppler studies 4 Noncontrast computed tomography

4 The initial diagnostic test for a stroke is nonconstrast computed tomography performed emergently to determine whether the event is ischemic or hemorrhagic. Further diagnostics include a carotid Doppler, electrocardiogram, and transcranial Doppler.

CT vs MRI

CT scans use X-rays while MRI scans use strong magnets and radio waves. A CT scan is generally good for larger areas, while an MRI scan produces a better overall image of the tissue under examination.

Diagnosis of breast cancer

Fine needle biopsy

is a quick, painless test that produces images of the structures inside your body — particularly your bones.

X ray

________________ provides cross-sectional images of abdominal organs and structures. Multiple x-ray images are taken from numerous angles, digitized in a computer, reconstructed, and then viewed on a computer monitor.

a CT scan

Which of the following tests confirms the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG)? 1 Tensilon test 2 Computed tomography (CT) scan 3 Electromyogram (EMG) 4 Serum studies

1

Which phrase defines ossiculoplasty? 1 Surgical reconstruction of the middle ear bones 2 Surgical repair of the eardrums 3 Incision into the tympanic membrane 4 Incision into the eardrum

1

The client states to the nurse that he is very anxious about having prostate cancer ever since his prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test came back elevated. The client asks, "Which diagnostic test produces definitive results if cancer is present?" The nurse is most correct to state which of the following? 1 Transrectal ultrasonography 2 Tissue biopsy 3 Tumor marker studies 4 Digital rectal exam

2

The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is based on which test? 1 CSF electrophoresis 2 Magnetic resonance imaging 3 Evoked potential studies 4 Neuropsychological testing

2

Which diagnostic test is used for early diagnosis of HSV-1 encephalitis? 1 Lumbar puncture (LP) 2 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 3 Electroencephalography (EEG) 4 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

2 PCR is the standard test for early diagnosis of HSV-1 encephalitis. An LP often reveals a high opening pressure and low glucose and high protein levels in CSF samples. EEG is used to diagnose seizures. An MRI is used to detect lesions in the brain.

Which test is an x-ray study of the uterus and the fallopian tubes after injection of a contrast agent? 1 Laparoscopy 2 Hysterosalpingography 3 Hysteroscopy 4 Endometrial ablation

2 Hysterosalpingography is an x-ray study of the uterus and the fallopian tubes after injection of a contrast agent. Laparoscopy allows the pelvic structures to be visualized. A hysteroscopy allows direct visualization of all parts of the uterine cavity be means of a lighted optical instrument. Endometrial ablation is the destruction of the uterine lining. mild sedative, laxatives, and an enema would be used prior to a hysterosalpingography. A hysteroscopy should be done about 5 days after menstruation ceases.

A 76-year-old client is brought to the clinic by his daughter. The daughter states that her father has had two transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) in the past week. The physician orders carotid angiography, and the report reveals that the carotid artery has been narrowed by atherosclerotic plaques. What treatment option does the nurse expect the physician to offer this client to increase blood flow to the brain? 1 Stent placement 2 Removal of the carotid artery 3 Percutaneous transluminal coronary artery angioplasty 4 Carotid endarterectomy

4 If narrowing of the carotid artery by atherosclerotic plaques is the cause of the TIAs, a carotid endarterectomy (surgical removal of atherosclerotic plaque) is a treatment option. A balloon angioplasty, a procedure similar to a percutaneous transluminal coronary artery angioplasty, is performed to dilate the carotid artery and increase blood flow to the brain. Options A, B, and C are not surgical options to increase blood flow through the carotid artery to the brain.

is a medical imaging technique that uses a magnetic field and computer-generated radio waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissues in your bod

MRI

is an imaging technique using X-rays, gamma rays, or similar ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation to view the internal form of an object

Radiography

a scanning technique using multiple X-rays to construct three-dimensional images

computer tomography

is a test that uses sound waves to produce live images of your heart. The image is an _____________. This test allows your doctor to monitor how your heart and its valves are functioning.

is a test that uses sound waves to produce live images of your heart. The image is an echocardiogram. This test allows your doctor to monitor how your heart and its valves are functioning.

mammography

x-ray imaging of the breast