U15 L4: The Northern Renaissance

Christian humanist

a philosophy that joins Humanist ideas with Christian beliefs.

realism

an artistic trend to portray subject matter in an accurate and lifelike manner

utopia

an ideal community, place, or society

A Northern Renaissance artist who also published books was

Albrecht Dürer.

List at least three characteristics of society before the Renaissance.

Before the Renaissance, Europe was a feudal society with weak central governments. Religion was a major force in society. Art was created only for religious purposes, and books were copied by hand.

What did Christian humanists and Italian humanists have in common?

Both believed in the importance of the individual. Both advocated the study of classical thought.

Outline for Why is the Renaissance considered a turning point in history?

Claim: The Renaissance was a turning point in European history because it affected all levels of society, from government to the church and to the lives of ordinary people. Supporting point: The printing press helped to spread new ideas. Supporting point: Writers such as Erasmus tried to blend humanist ideas with religious beliefs. Conclusion: Society at all levels was transformed.

The Italian wars that began in 1494 helped spread Renaissance ideas to

France.

Thomas More (1478-1535)

- christian humanist and statesman - served as a top official in england - published utopia in 1516 - executed by king henry VIII - recognized as a saint by the catholic church

Williams Shakespeare (1564-1616)

- regarded as the greatest playwright in history - wrote comedies, tragedies, and history plays - examined human nature by creating complex characters - influenced western culture for hundreds of years

Hans Holbein the Younger (1497/98-1543)

- was a famous german portrait artist - is known for his precision and realism - completed his most famous work in engald - was a court painter to kimg henry VIII

Johannes Gutenberg (1398-c. 1468)

- was a german craftsman - created the first european movable-type printing press - designed a special oil-based ink for printing - printed a famous version of the bible

Humanism vs Christian Humanism

Humanism - originated in the italian renaissance - believed in the importance of the individual - revived classical thinking - remained secular Christian Humanism - flourished in the northern renaissance - supported humanist beliefs about the importance of the individual - supported the revival of classical thinking - combined humanist ideas with christian beliefs

List at least three changes took place in the Renaissance.

Many things changed during the Renaissance, but the most important shift was from the religious to the secular. There were still religious people and ideas - including Dante and Erasmus - but they thought differently about life or wrote from a more humanist perspective.

Challenges in Northern Europe

Northern Europe faced challenges that italy did not - northerns regions recovered from the plague later than italy - the hundre years war did not end until 1453

Why did the Renaissance begin later in Northern Europe than in Italy?

Northern regions faced challenges that Italy did not.

Why is the Renaissance considered a turning point in history?

The Renaissance was a turning point in European history because it affected all levels of society from government to the church and to the lives of ordinary people.

A Northern Renaissance writer who applied humanistic principles to the theater was

William Shakespeare.

Northern Renaissance Art

artistic techniques pioneered in italy spread to the north - flanders became the artistic venter of the northern renaissance - wealthy merchants served as patrons - art often focused on realistic portrayals of humanity

After many people began reading and interpreting the Bible, they

began to challenge the Church's teachings.

By 1500, Renaissance ideas were mainly being spread across Europe through

books.

The Italian Wars (1438-1498)

in 1494, king charles VIII of france invaded naples - italian artists and writers fled to northern Europe for safety

Early Book Publishing in Europe

prior to the invention of the printing press, books were copied by hand - publishing was a long, costly process - most people could never afford a book in their lifetime - most manuscripts were produced by monks and priests

The popularity of the Gutenberg press in Europe made books more accessible and motivated people to want to learn how to

read.

You can tell this painting is from the Renaissance because it shows two _______. It has elements common to the Northern Renaissance because if focuses on _______ and includes _______.

renaissance men; an interior scene; realistic detials

Which book could many people read for the first time because of the Gutenberg press?

the Bible

Differing interpretations of the Bible by Christians in Europe eventually led to

the Reformation.

The Italian Renaissance spread across Europe in the late 1400s through

urbanization.

pioneered

was the first to develop or improve an invention, technique, or method.

Desiderius Erasmus (1469-1536)

- considered a great christian humanist of the northern renaissance - catholic priest and scholar - criticized corruption in the catholic church - wrote the praise of folly (1509)

Jan Van Eyck (1380-1441)

- first great flemish painter - developed new techniques for oil painting - painted both religious and secular themes - known for his use of realism

Effects of the printing press

- increased the number of books produced and reduced their costs - increased the variety of books - increased literacy - increased the number of books written in the vernacular - allowed new ideas to spread faster - allowed people to read and interpret the bible for themselves

Albrecht Durer (1471-1528)

- is considered the greatest german renaissance painter and printmaker - studied italy - revolutionized woodcut printmaking - puboished books ona rt, geometry, and anatomy - painted realistic watercolors of anmals

What a piece of work is man! How noble in reason! How infinite in faculty! In form, in moving, how express and admirable! In action, how like an angel! In apprehension, how like a god! . . . See what a grace was seated on this brow: Hyperion's [a figure from Ancient Greek mythology] curls; the front of Jove [Jupiter] himself. An eye like Mars, to threaten and command . . . a combination and a form indeed, where every god did seem to set his seal, to give the world assurance of a man. —Hamlet, William Shakespeare How does this quote from Hamlet give evidence of Shakespeare's humanist thinking?

He references classical figures, such as Jupiter and Hyperion. He praises mankind for its ability to reason and take action.

manuscript

a book that has been copied by hand

Which best describes printing before the invention of the Gutenberg printing press?

a long, expensive process

printing press

a machine that presses paper against a tray full of moveable type in order to create copies

The Northern Renaissance

the renaissance began to grow in northern europe in the late 1400s - monarchs and wealthy nobles purchased works from italian artist - urbanization increased as feudalism declined, allowing new ideas to spread - trade helped merchants to grow wealthy, allowing them to become patrons