U5, CH. 27 | The Spanish American War and Anti-Imperialist

End of Spanish American War

*Treaty of Paris* (signed Dec. 10, 1898), ended the war. Spain renounced all claim to Cuba, ceded Guam and Puerto Rico to the United States, and transferred sovereignty over the Philippines to the United States for $20,000,000. The Spanish-American War was an important turning point in the history of both nations. Spain's defeat decisively turned the nation's attention away from its overseas colonial adventures and inward upon its domestic needs, a process that led to both a cultural and a literary renaissance and two decades of much-needed economic development in Spain. The victorious United States, on the other hand, emerged from the war a world power with far-flung overseas possessions and a new stake in international politics that would soon lead it to play a determining role in the affairs of Europe. America had entered the age of imperialism.

The Battle for Cuba

- War began to free Cuba was now becoming a war to strip Spain of its colonies - Americans attack Santiago after a Spanish fleet slips past American navy >>>Departure and landing in Cuba were sciences of fanatic incompetence and took 5 days - Rough Riders were a calvary unit at the center of fighting and was led by Roosevelt who had a passion for fighting - Roosevelt emerges as the hero of war - US finally surrounds Santiago just as Spanish are told to withdraw and the US crushes the Spaniards -On July 17, the Spanish commander surrendered. Spanish rule in Cuba came to an end.

The Boxers

A Chinese secret society that blamed the country's ills on foreigners, especially missionaries, and rose in rebellion in 1899-1900

sphere of influence

A foreign region in which a nation has control over trade and other economic activities.

Anti-Imperialist League

A group of anti imperialists that advocated for isolationism. mark twain was a famous member

Open Door Policy

A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China. *to provide the United States with access to trade with China*

Puerto Rico Annexation

After defeating the Spanish in Cuba, American commanders turned their attention to Spain's other important colony in the Caribbean, the island of Puerto Rico. The inhabitants of the island had a long history of resistance to Spanish rule. In response, Spain had recently granted Puerto Rico a large degree of self-rule. In 1917, inhabitants of the island were granted American citizenship. Still, Puerto Rico never became a state. Today Puerto Rico remains part of the United States as a "commonwealth." Its inhabitants elect their own governor and legislature, but they do not vote in the national presidential election. Though American citizens, they have only a nonvoting delegate in the U.S. Congress.

"Remember the Maine"

After the U.S. battle cruiser Maine exploded in Havana harbor, the New York Journal rallied its readers to "Remember the Maine," galvanizing popular support for the U.S. war against Spain. Evidence of Spanish complicity in the explosion was not found; the likely cause was later found to have been internal to the ship.

Guam

Americans secured this remote Pacific island from Spain after the war over Cuba. Americans had captured it earlier, before the residents even knew that there was a war going on.

Battle of Manila Bay

First Battle of the Spanish-American War in the Philippines; decisive US victory under Commodore George Dewey (US steel ships vs. Spanish wooden ships). the world took note of the emergence of the United States as a major naval power.

Spanish-American War

In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence from the Spanish empire.

What was one argument made against U.S. imperialism?

It violated America's anticolonial principles.

Yellow Journalism

Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers

Battle of San Juan Hill

July 1, 1898-One of the most important battles of the Spanish-American War. Roosevelt, the Rough Riders and Pershing's Buffalo Soldiers defeated Spanish on Kettle and San Juan Hill.

War in the Philippines

Long, brutal, costly war. Revolt against U.S. by Filipinos, after not receiving freedom after the Spanish-American war. Americans believed it would be similar to Spanish War but it was far worse. Insurrection was broken in 1901 when Emilio Aguinaldo was captured and the war ended in 1902.

"A SPLENDID LITTLE WAR"

Nickname for the Spanish American War. term used by John Hay in a letter to Teddy Roosevelt; all of Spain's ships were destroyed in 7 hours; war was short and effective even though Americans also died.

Anti-Imperialists

Opposed to US Imperialism: 1). Morality-believed that taking over Filipino's would violate American principle "the right of all people to independence and self-government" 2). Economics-feared competition from Filipino producers 3). Legality and Race-feared contaminating effects of contact with "inferior" Asian races.

Start of Spanish-American War

The explosion of the USS Maine 1898. April 1898, after negotiations with the Spanish broke down, Congress declared war on Spain.

Philippines-Spanish American War

With the help of the U.S., the Philippines succeeded from Spain, but the U.S. refused to recognize the Philippines independence. Outraged, the President of the Philippines, Emilio Aguinaldo, sent his forces (guerrillas) to attack the Americans. America found themselves resorting to the same tactics that the Spanish used which included starving the countryside. it was a US territory until 1946 when it was granted full independence. Also significantly, it took over 40 years for Philippines to finally have their independence (US finally said they could self-govern themselves).

Wake

an island the US gained as a result of the war

what did American businesses invest heavily in Cuba?

sugar and cigar industries

Expansionist

the practice or policy of territorial or economic expansion