UA LabCE

What is the lower reference limit for semen volume according to the World Health Organization, WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen, 5th edition?

1.5 mL

Which of the following represents the lower reference limit for semen volume?

1.5 mL

All of the following urinalysis findings may correlate with the presence of a yeast infection, EXCEPT:

3+ red blood cells (RBCs)

Pleural fluid was sent to the laboratory for a WBC count. The specimen was NOT diluted. WBCs in 5 large squares were counted in each side of the hemacytometer. The number of WBCs counted were as follows: Top counting chamber: 35 cells total (in 5 large squares) Bottom counting chamber: 33 cells total (in 5 large squares) Based on the information provided above, calculate the total WBC count.

68 cells/mm3

What is the glomerular filtration rate for a patient with a serum creatinine of 2 mg/dL, if the urine creatinine was 124 mg/dL and the urine volume was 2.2 L/24 hrs?

95 mL/min

Which of the following statements regarding the L/S ratio is TRUE?

A ratio of 2:1 or greater usually indicates adequate pulmonary surfactant to prevent respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

Which of the following substances are detected with Clinitest® tablets?

All reducing substances

Which of the following tests would be employed in order to detect neural tube defects?

Alpha fetoprotein

CSF pleocytosis can refer to:

An increased number of lymphocytes in a CSF when compared to a normal sample.

Substances found in urinary sediment that are more easily distinguished by the use of a polarized microscope are:

Anisotropic cholesterol droplets

This species of Candida accounts for around 20 percent of urinary yeast isolates.

Candida glabrata

The fluid that surrounds and protects the spinal cord and brain is called:

Cerebrospinal fluid

Where does most cerebrospinal fluid originate?

Choroid plexus

The renal threshold is best described as:

Concentration at which a substance in the blood spills into the urine

A cerebrospinal fluid sample from a possible meningitis patient demonstrated a round, budding yeast of variable size on Gram stain. The specimen was cultured to routine fungal media without cycloheximide. The organism rapidly produced urease and demonstrated brown pigmented colonies on niger seed agar. The organism identification is:

Cryptococcus neoformans

The image shown is a cytospin preparation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). What is the blood cell type that is indicated by the arrow?

Eosinophil

A 62-year-old man drank an unknown liquid in a suicide attempt, and his urine contained crystals similar in shape to those shown in this image. This man MOST likely ingested:

Ethylene glycol

In order to avoid falsely elevated spinal fluid cell counts one should:

Select an aliquot from the last tube collected

A cloudy, yellow-green synovial fluid with 122,000 WBCs which are predominantly neutrophils, and a decreased glucose, would be classified as:

Septic

Which of the following would be the most appropriate method to confirm a positive protein from a urine dipstick:

Sulfosalicylic acid precipitation

Identify the large, foamy cells in the joint fluid image shown to the right.

Synovial lining cells

A patient suspected of a urinary tract infection has a negative nitrite test, but bacteria is present upon microscopic examination. What may have caused this discrepant result?

The bacteria present is not a nitrate-reducer.

A urine concentration test was performed on a patient after a fluid intake deprivation period with the following findings: After 12 hours Urine Osmolality = 850 mOsm/KgAfter 16 hours Urine Osmolality = 850 mOsm/Kg

This represents normal kidney function.

Which two of the following crystalline elements are found in acid urine:

Tyrosine and cystine

Identify the urine sediment elements shown by the arrow:

Uric acid crystals

An increased number of lymphocytes in a CSF when compared to a normal sample.

Urobilinogen

Identify the urine sediment element:

fatty cast

All of the following statements are true regarding the reagent strip test procedure, EXCEPT?

When visually reading the reagent strip, all test results can be read immediately after dipping the strip in the urine specimen.

Which of the following is true of glucose levels in the CSF of an otherwise healthy individual?

Which of the following is true of glucose levels in the CSF of an otherwise healthy individual?

Which of the following casts is characteristically associated with acute pyelonephritis?

White cell

What term is used to describe the color in these tubes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Xanthochromia

The constituents that are indicated by the arrows in this image of stained urine sediment are:

Yeast

The microscopic finding illustrated in this image is a _____?

Fiber artifact

All of the following are standard methods for measuring the specific gravity of urine, EXCEPT:

Freezing point depression

An increased number of the cells seen in the image, upon microscopic examination of urine is termed:

Hematuria

Which of the following may be associated with acidic urinary pH?

High urine glucose

Which of the following tests confirms the presence of Bence-Jones proteinuria:

Immunoelectrophoresis

Lymphocyte pleocytosis refers to a(n) _____________ in a CSF when compared to a normal sample.

Increased number of lymphocytes

All of the following crystals are found in normal urine, EXCEPT?

Leucine

A college student is treated in the hospital for suspected meningitis. Which cells should be identified in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) report for the cytospin field that is shown?

Lymphocytes

Which of the following cells would be increased if the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a patient suspected of having multiple sclerosis?

Lymphocytes

Which of the following will cause an acidic urine pH?

Meat filled diet

Identify the bi-nucleate cell (see arrow) in the pericardial fluid sample shown here.

Mesothelial

On a Cytospin preparation from a pleural fluid specimen, 50% of the cells have the following characteristics: - uniform, regular arrangement- some cells resemble a "fried egg"- multiple nuclei- smooth nuclear outline and homogeneous chromatin- when present in clumps, there are clear spaces between the cells ("windows") How should these cells be classified?

Mesothelial cells

Which of the following cells are lining cells that could be seen in a peritoneal fluid?

Mesothelial cells

Which of the following may cause a false positive bilirubin result on a urine chemical reagent strip?

Large doses of chlorpromazine

What is the fluid created in the abdominal cavity named?

Peritoneal fluid

A urine specimen which was collected in a dark container, stored in the dark, has a pH of 7.5, and whose sample aliquot is wrapped in foil, is most likely being sent for:

Porphyrins

When a patient has a bile duct obstruction, the bilirubin test portion of the reagent strip is:

Positive because conjugated bilirubin is present and is excreted by the kidneys.

Which of the following is true about Bence-Jones protein when performing the heat precipitation test?

Precipitates between 40° and 60°C but redissolves at 100°C

Sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) can be used to confirm the result of which of the following tests included on a urine reagent strip?

Protein

The primary site of reabsorption of glomerular filtrate is the:

Proximal convoluted tubule

Semi-automated and automated urine chemical reagent strip readers:

Remove subjectivity allowing for better reproducibility

All of the following statements are TRUE regarding storing and handling of urine reagent strips if you are using a manual method (visually read reagent strip), EXCEPT:

Remove the cap of the test strip bottle and leave it off until testing is completed.

Which of the following cells when found upon microscopic examination of the urine would be most indicative of kidney disease:

Renal tubular epithelial cells

A 51-year-old woman with Type 2 Diabetes and high blood pressure has recently started noticing foaming in the toilet bowl following urination. She typically has her urine checked for abnormalities every 3 months. Recently, urinalysis indicates an abnormally large concentration of protein in her urine.

Albumin, which leaks through damaged kidney glomeruli and appears first in the urine

A patient that is on a vegetarian diet will most likely have a(n):

Alkaline pH

What types of cells are NOT present in this field of a cytocentrifuged CSF sample?

Blasts

Which of the following substances can cause a false positive result for blood on the urine chemical reagent strip?

Bleach in the collecting bottle

Identify the urine sediment element shown by the arrow.

Cylindroid

Which of the following is the recommended method for preparing a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample for a differential count?

Cytocentrifugation

A cell count is ordered on a CSF sample that is bloody. Which of the following procedures would improve count accuracy?

Dilute the sample to minimize the number of red blood cells in the squares being counted.

A positive leukocyte esterase test indicates the presence of which of the following in a urine specimen?

Granulocytes

Which of the following methods would be employed to collect sweat for chloride analysis:

Iontophoresis

The glucose result on a urine specimen from an infant is negative on the urine chemical reagent strip, what is the next step?

It must be followed by the copper reduction test (Clinitest®) to check for other reducing substances.

Identify the urine sediment elements shown by the arrow: *Note that these elements showed a Maltese cross pattern under polarized light.

Oval fat bodies

Fetal lung maturity can be determined from amniotic fluid because the surfactant is PRIMARILY composed of:

Phosphatidylcholine and other phospholipids

Which is the best method for examination of synovial crystals?

Polarized light

What is catheterization?

The insertion of a tube into a patient's bladder via the urethra to aid in urination.