Understanding Visual Art final, Dr. Brasser

The faces in Faith Ringgold's soft sculpture Mama Jones, Andrew, Barbara, and Faith are reminiscent of ____.

African masks

The stylized faces of the man and wife represented on the Etruscan Sarcophagus from Cerveteri were most likely influenced by ____ sculpture.

Archaic

Some of the earliest freestanding sculptures of the Archaic period were kouros figures, or blocky statues of nude young men, all with a conventionalized facial expression called the ____.

Archaic smile

The fresco painting Ulysses in the Land of the Lestrygonians is an example of the ____ style of Roman wall painting. The Lestrygonians were ____.

Architectural; giant cannibals

The May calendar page of Les Très Riches Heures was a page from a ____, rendered in an ornate, courtly style known as ____.

Book of Hours; the International Gothic style

The emperor Maxentius ordered construction of a large basilica near the Roman forum. Little of it remains today, but its design set the precedent for many subsequent ____.

Christian churches

The Roman equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius still exists only because it was mistakenly believed to be a portrait of ____, the first emperor to recognize Christianity.

Constantine

From the Latin word meaning wedge, ____ was a system of writing developed by the Sumerians.

Cuneiform

The circles, squares, patterning, and rigid wedge shaped torsos depicted on the Dipylon Vase indicate that it is a fine example of the ____ period of Greek art.

Geometric

In St. Mark's Cathedral in Venice, the arms of its cross plan are equal in length and the interior focus is a central dome. This is known as a(n) ____.

Greek Cross plan

Contemporary artist Ed Rossbach's wall hanging is made from construction paper and woven in such a way that the image of a ____ emerges from the background.

Handgun

In 1922, British archaeologist Howard Carter remarked "...a gasp of wonderment escaped our lips, so gorgeous was the sight that met our eye: a golden effigy of the young boy king..." Carter was referring to ____.

King Tut's solid gold coffin

The Doric frieze was divided vertically into compartments. The triglyphs contained vertical grooves and the ____ were filled with sculpted figures.

Metopes

____ was one of the first and most important churches erected during the Early Christian period. With its long nave and apse at one end, it was a(n) ____ plan church.

Old St. Peter's; Latin Cross

The first centuries after the death of Jesus, before Emperor Constantine proclaimed religious tolerance for Christians, were known as the ____.

Period of Persecution

The contrast of textures and fluidity and spontaneity of movement found in the Parthenon's pediment grouping called The Three Goddesses is typical of the ____ style.

Phidian

Probably the most famous piece of glassware known today is the ____, made by the ____ in the 3rd century C.E.

Portland Vase; Romans

The word ____ is derived from the French and means rebirth.

Renaissance

The ____ developed the process of glass blowing and thus made ____ commonplace.

Romans; glass containers

Praxiteles' Hermes and Dionysos, from the Late Classical period, depicts a graceful and naturalistic body stance, called the ____, and an increased emphasis on ____.

S curve; emotional expression

The Stele of Hammurabi depicts the Babylonian ruler Hammurabi gaining inspiration for his codified laws from the god(dess) ____.

Shamash

In The Burial of Count Orgaz, the ____ painter El Greco's heavenly figures appear ____.

Spanish; extremely attenuated

The Renaissance began in 1401 with a competition for the commission to sculpt bronze doors for the baptistery of Florence. The subject of the entry panels was ____.

The Sacrifice of Isaac

Which of the follow elements of the Temple of Fortuna Virilus is not a Roman innovation?

The use of the Ionic order and post and lintel construction.

In Jan van Eyck's strikingly detailed double portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride, which of the following is not a symbolic reference in the painting?

The vase of lilies

The botanical whimsies of ____ are considered some of the finest examples of Art Nouveau glass.

Tiffany

Late 19th century posters of Parisian nightlife, such as Le Divan Japonais, were produced by ____, considered by many to be the father of the color lithograph poster.

Toulouse-Lautrec

Kiff Slemmon's ____ is a miniature sculpture that was constructed for the Artworks for AIDS exhibition and makes reference to the history of mass deaths.

Transport

One of the earliest and most famous "fertility" figurines from the Paleolithic period is the ____.

Venus of Willendorf

The ____ was a multilevel temple designed by the religion oriented Sumerians but built by the later Babylonians and Assyrians.

Ziggurat

The plan of the English Gothic Salisbury Cathedral differs from French Gothic architecture in that it has ____.

a double transept and a square apse

Netherlandish painter Pieter Bruegel the Elder's The Peasant Wedding is an excellent example of ____.

a genre painting

When Michelangelo was only 27, he carved the 13 1/2 foot statue of David from ____

a single piece of almost unworkable marble

The Colosseum in Rome consists of two back to back ____ and a combination of ____ columns that produce a sense of lightness proceeding from bottom to top tier.

amphitheaters; Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian

For his bronze statue of David, the first life size nude since classical times, Donatello chose ____ as a prototype.

an underdeveloped adolescent boy

The two most significant innovations in building design introduced by the Romans were the ____, which made construction of the Pantheon possible.

arch and concrete

Some of the purest examples of Renaissance Classicism are to be found in the ____ of Leon Battista Alberti.

architecture

The art and architecture of the Mycenaean civilization reflects a preoccupation with ____ because, unlike Crete, it lacked the natural defense of a surrounding sea.

arms and fortification

Works such as the gold Scythian plaque from Siberia were primarily made by ____, and the designs reflect their fascination with ____

barbarian tribes; fantastic human animal forms

Using the laws of perspective in his Holy Trinity fresco, Masaccio created the illusion of an extension of the architectural space of the church by painting a(n) ____.

barrel vaulted chapel with holy and common figures

The ____ process utilizes a series of dye baths and wax applications to create a design on fabric.

batik

The François Vase, with black figures on a reddish background, is an example of the ____ painting technique and was produced during the ____ period of Greek art.

black figure; Archaic

The Dying Lioness from Nineveh is an example of ____, the most common art form in Assyria.

carved stone reliefs depicting war and hunting scenes

The ____ were a huge network of galleries and burial chambers beneath the city of Rome where Christians worshiped in secret and buried their dead.

catacombs

In his Adam and Eve engraving, the Northern Renaissance master Albrecht Dürer emphasizes the ____.

classically inspired beauty of the human body

The Pantheon's dome is ____ to lessen the weight of it both physically and visually.

coffered

Cheryl Ann Thomas's contemporary work Relic130 is best categorized as ____.

coiling

The Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut was carved out of living rock and is most impressive visually due to its three tiers of pillared ____.

colonnades

The jamb figures of Mary and Elizabeth on the west portal of Reims Cathedral are placed in a naturalistic weight shift stance also known as ____.

contrapposto

The most significant architectural aspect of St. Michael's at Hildesheim is its use of the ____ to define the spaces within the rest of the church, thereby paving the way for Romanesque and Gothic architecture.

crossing square

Much of ancient Egypt's art and many of its monuments were, in one way or another, linked to ____.

death or worship of the dead

Unlike a typical chandelier, Dale Chihuly's are a different species. They ____.

do not emit light of their own

In his Creation of Adam scene from the Sistine Chapel ceiling, Michelangelo created the most ____ in the history of art as God reached out to spark life into Adam.

dramatic negative space

The Aeron Chair is a(n) ____ design considered to be the Porsche of office chairs.

ergonomic

Jacopo Pontormo's Mannerist Entombment depicts all of the following except ____.

faces that are calm and display no emotion

The iconography of the stylized, doll like figures on the Weighing of Souls tympanum from the Cathedral of Autun was intended to convey ____.

fear and repentance

Glass that has been spun into fine filaments and is used for insulation is known as ____.

fiberglass

In St. Sernin, the ceiling structure is a stone barrel vault, which was necessary for ____.

fireproofing

When Heinrich Schliemann excavated Grave Circle A in Mycenae in the late 19th century, he discovered a treasure of ____.

gold

From the ancient Greeks to the colonial Americans, the ____ has been found to be a useful basis for urban design.

gridiron

The gold Russian pectoral piece, produced in the 4th century B.C.E., depicts a mythical creature that is half lion and half eagle, known as a ____, in the lower register.

griffin

Which of the following is not a component of graphic design?

haute couture

Unlike Romanesque sculpture, Gothic sculptural figures ____.

have drapery folds that are soft and reveal anatomy

In The Annunciation to the Shepherds manuscript illumination from the Lectionary of Henry II, the humans are smaller than and below the angel, and the animals are smaller and lower than the humans. This technique is known as ____.

hierarchical scaling

Much of the art of the Hellenistic period, like The Dying Gaul, illustrates that period's preoccupation with ____.

high drama, unleashed passion, and theatrical excess

The ancient Greeks considered themselves to be the center of the universe or "the measure of all things," a concept known as ____.

humanism

Myron's Discobolos or Discus Thrower is representative of the most significant development in Early Classical art: the introduction of ____.

implied movement in sculpture

In both the Akkadian Victory Stele of Naram Sin and the Egyptian Narmer Palette, the kings are depicted ____.

in combined frontal and profile view and larger than surrounding figures

The forms and composition of Titian's Venus of Urbino were evolved primarily from ____.

interactions of colors and contrasts of textures

Large scale tomb sculptures that were intended to house the spirit of the deceased if mummification failed were known as ____.

ka figures

The massive dome of Hagia Sophia appears to be light and graceful due to ____.

light filtering through arched windows at its base

The realism, symbolism, and complicated imagery found in Northern Renaissance paintings originated in and was influenced by ____.

manuscript illumination

Piero della Francesca's Resurrection fresco was based on ____.

mathematical and geometric order

It was during the Neolithic period that ____ monuments were erected and the most famous example is ____.

megalithic; Stonehenge

The most striking feature of the Great Mosque at Samarra , Iraq, is the spiral ____, from which a crier known as a(n) ____ called followers to prayer at certain hours.

minaret; muezzin

The term labyrinthine well describes the huge, sprawling Palace at Knossos and the term comes from the myth of the ____.

minotaur

In New Kingdom Egypt, Amenhotep IV started a revolution in both religion and the arts when he changed his name to Akhenaton to honor the sun god and became a ____. The period of his reign is known as the ____.

monotheist; Amarna period

The stylized tree of life and flowers the Tabriz Arbadil carpet, like many Persian rugs, portrays the old Islamic concept of ____.

paradise as a garden

The Fallen Warrior from the Temple of Aphaia at Aegina was posed in such a way that the body's form corresponded to the sharp angles of the ____ on which it was placed.

pediment

No smoking signage is an excellent example of a clear, utilitarian form of typography known as a ____.

pictogram

Linear A, a form of writing based on ____, was developed during the Middle Minoan period on the island of ____.

pictographs; Crete

In ____ weaving, found in carpeting and in velvet, loops or knots are tied and when the knotting is finished, the ends are cut to create an even surface.

pile

In the Victory Stele of Naram Sin, the king and his men are represented in a conceptual manner, probably meant to indicate ____.

respect and victory

The interior of St. Étienne has a sense of lightness because the development of the ____ made it possible to pierce the walls above the tribune gallery with a series of windows called a ____.

rib vault; clerestory

In the late years of the Roman Empire, the realism and idealism that had characterized Roman figural sculpture was replaced by a ____.

spiritual, otherworldly style

During the Renaissance period, there was a revival of all of the following except ____.

spirituality and otherworldliness

The Great Pyramids at Giza were built with massive blocks and ____.

surfaced with white limestone

Northern Renaissance artists "married" religion with scenes and objects from everyday life by using ____.

symbolism

The San Vitale apse mosaic Justinian and Attendants is characterized by all of the following except ____.

that Justinian is by far the largest figure

Which of the following is considered one of the Bronze Age civilizations of preHellenic Greece?

the Cyclades

In the Gothic period, ____ assumed a new role of importance in art and architecture.

the Virgin Mary

Many cities in the Near East and Middle East have a circular tradition in urban design. This tradition likely reflects the belief that they were ____.

the center of the universe

Perhaps the most famous surviving tapestry is the 230 foot long Romanesque period Bayeux Tapestry, which describes ____ in a continuous narrative.

the invasion of England by William the Conqueror

The young artist Raphael painted numerous canvases of the Madonna and Child, but some of his most impressive compositions, like The School of Athens, were executed for ____.

the papal apartments in the Vatican

In an architectural feat not duplicated until Roman times, the Mycenaeans constructed the Treasury of Atreus, a huge beehive shaped tomb known as a ____.-

tholos

In an effort to produce an integrated look to the Parthenon, all of the following construction variations are found except that the ____.

top step of the platform is perfectly straight

The German Renaissance artist Matthias Grünewald's Isenheim Altarpiece is unusual and powerful for its ____.

tormented and dramatic depiction of the Crucifixion

The cathedral of Florence features all of the characteristics below except ____.

twin bell towers

The exterior of the Romanesque St. Étienne served as a model for Gothic architecture because its ____ appeared repeatedly in Gothic churches.

two tower tripartite facade

In weaving, the lengthwise fibers are called the ____.

warp