Union parliament

Interpellation

The right of the members to ask questions from the government is known as interpellation

The union parliament composition

The union parliament consists of the president and the two houses of the parliament house of people lok sabha and council of states rajya sabha

The house is also adjourned when

One of the business what day is over 2 death of a sitting / ex member of house 3 so much disorder that business cannot be conducted 4 absence of quorum 5 when the speaker finds it necessary

Question hour

The first hour of every working day of the house is reserved for asking question unless otherwise decided by the speaker all questions are addressed to the chair and admitted the government is obliged to answer them remember to give 10 days notice for a question

Powers and functions of rajya sabha and lok sabha that is the full parliament

Equal powers except in financial matters and responsibility of council of ministers Legislative powers financial powers Control over executive judicial powers electoral functions amendment of the constitution

Parliamentary committees

Ex officio chairman of committee is like business advisory committee rules community 2) appointment of chairman of all committees of house Issues direction to chairman rio tinto working and procedure

Single constitution

Except jammu kashmir article 370 single common unified constitution

federal setup

Nfs rivals system of government all the administrative powers are divided between the central and state government by the constitution and bothar supreme within their respective spheres both the centre and the state government draw their authority from the constitution

Inequality of representation in the rajya sabha

On the basis of population also 12 members nominated by president from specialised fees of art literature science social service

Composition of rajya sabha

250 members of two categories nominated and elected

Lok sabha

Lok sabha is the house of the people the members of lok sabha are directly elected by the people of india

Quorum

Quorum means minimum number of members required to be present in order to enable the house to transact it's business

Zero hour

Refers to the period which begins at 12 o'clock soon after the question hour and continues till the lunch break which begins at 1 all types of question without any permission of prior notice can be raised presiding officer controls the house and maintain discipline

Parliament definition

The parliament is the body of people's representative who has supreme power of governance in a democratic country.

Nominated members

12 nominated members by the president from people having special knowledge of practical experience in literature science art social service example hema malini actress raja ramanna nuclear scientist nirmala deshpande social

Note

If there is a question whether a member has become subject to any disqualification the president's decision with the opinion of the election commission is final a penalty of rupees 500 per day is charged if i disconnect find person sits or or votes in the houses

Vacation of seats

1 if a member design by writing to speaker or chairman if a member is absent from all meeting for more than 60 days without permission taken off time during which house is product or absent for more than 4 consecutive days 3 is a member subject to disqualification in the constitution 4 if a person is already a member of state legislature and is elected he has to vacate his seat in the state legislature or vice versa 5 if a person is disqualified under anti defection law

Miscellaneous functions

1 presides size of a joint session of both houses 2after consulting chairman of rajya sabha nominated personnel for parliamentary delegations to countries 3)Preside over conference of presiding officers of legislative bodies in india

Administrative functions

1 receive all petitions and documents in the house 2 communicate decisions of the house to the concerned authorities 3) admission of visitors and press correspondents to the house galleries

Disqualification of membership

1) if you hold any office of profit other than an office exempted by parliament by law but not a minister for union or state 2 if he is of unsound mind declared by a competent court 3) if he is undischarged insolvent 4)If he is not indian citizen or has voluntarily acquired citizenship of a foreign state or is under an acknowledgement of allegiance to a foreign power 5)if he is disqualified under any law by the parliament

Disciplinary functions

1) maintenance order when members become unruly and order them to withdraw suspend member what is regarding authority of chair adjourn the house due to disorder 2) indecent unparliamentary words of a member expunged from the proceedings by the speaker inter 3 decide whether case related to breach of privilege or contempt of the house 4 decide whether a member stands for disqualification under anti defection law

Qualifications for membership of lok sabha

1)One indian citizen 2) 25 years of age 3) name in electoral roll in some part if the country 4) not be an insolvent not in debt ability to meet financial commitments 4) not want office of profit under the government 5)not be proclaimed criminal 6)not be of unsound mind

business of the house

1)Presides over the house all speeches and remarks are addressed to him and he allots the time for discussion 2 interpret rules of procedure and his decision in parliamentary matters is final 3 bills passed by her house signed by speaker before going to rajya sabha or to president for assent / consideration 4 admissibility of all questions resolution motion of adjournment 5 positions to vote and answers result does not vote unless there is time between treasury and opposition 6) decide whether a bill is a money bill or not

Elected members

238 members are elected from the states in the union and the location is on basis of population of state of uttar pradesh has 31 members manipur meghalaya and mizoram one member each union territories four members delhi 3 puducherry 1

Term of lok sabha

5 years however it can be dissolved before by the president on the advice of the prime minister during emergency doctor may be extended by the parliament for 1 year at a time new lok sabha elected within 6 months after national emergency is lifted

Adjournment and prorogation of the house

Adjournment of the house means suspension of the sitting of the house by the speaker. Prorogation means termination of the session of parliament which can only be done by the president

Existence of the union territories

Administrative units known as union territories directly governed by the central government and do not enjoy any independent powers or autonomy

Flexibility of constitution

Amendment can be made to the constitution single handedly either by simple majority or by 2/3 majority unlike federation where are maintenance can be made only with consent and approval of units

Single citizenship

Common to all people of all states

Control over executive

Council of ministers is collectively responsible to lok sabha 1 interpolation question hour half an hour discussion seek information from government obtain information on matter of public importance and is a valuable device against injustice or slackness of government Vote of no confidence against the prime minister of ministry and school Adjournment motion censuring acts of omission and commission by ministers The motions of censure rejection of government bill passing of a private members billl against wishes of government Monetary control parliamentary committee on public accounts ensure that public money is spent with parliament's decision examination of report of the comptroller and auditor general of india

Election of rajya sabha members

Elected by the elected members of the state legislative assembly of each state with the system of proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote union territory representatives are chosen has parliament prescribed 3 from delhi elected by legislative assembly members currently 245 members including 12 nominated by president

Election of speaker

Elected from the members of the lok sabha after it meets for the first time. He does not vacate his office after houses dissolves until a new speaker is elected and has a term of 5 years and can seek relection he may resign due to health by submitting a letter of resignation to the deputy speaker and can also be removed by the lok sabha if majority of members pass a resolution to this effect

Types of motion what is a motion

Emotion is a formal proposal made by a member stating that the house should take up some particular matter which is of public importance important types of motion are adjournment motion no confidence motion adjournment and prorogation of the house

Legislative powers

Enable accept money bill can originate in any house joint meeting in case of disagreement matters in union list 97 Matters in concurrent list 47 union prevails in case of conflict Residuary powers can make laws on all matters not mentioned in any of the three list Matters in state list can reduce weight in case of emergency when rajasi about bye 2013 address that state list matter as national importance tu mo state opinion that parliament must legislate and stateless the matter but it will only prevail in the consenting states Ordinance can promulgate ordinance when parliament is not in session same as at cease to operate 6 weeks from reassembly assembly of parliament Powers during emergency parliament becomes legislature in state in case of total constitutional machinery breakdown including financial powers of state budget

The speaker of lok sabha

He is the presiding officer and has great authority and responsibility he ranks higher than all cabinet ministers other than the prime minister no court of law can go into merits of a ruling given by him

What type of government exist in india

India has opted for a federal setup of government with strong unitary bias it has a democratic government it is unitary in spirit

Term of rajya sabha

It is a permanent house and cannot be dissolved if member is elected for 6 years one third of total members retire after every two years members can be re elected

What is the minimum korum of lok sabha and rajya sabha

It is one tenth of the total membership of each house the house can not conduct proceedings and past bills and resolution if it is not met the speaker may adjourn or suspend the meeting of the house

Importance of federal set up of government

Large country with 28 states 7 union territories not possible to break away as a separate unit from the union thus maintaining the unity and integrity of india 2 it is the only system suitable for our country Consisting of various type of people how to save it from separatists forces 3). Division of legislative administative powers between union and state and then can violate the limitations imposed by constitution supreme court heads the judiciary to safeguard this distribution of power India has a bicameral legislature lok sabha and rajya sabha rajya sabha comprises of state representative 5 constitution has made provision for distribution of revenues between centre and state equitable distribution of financial resources

Composition

Maximum 552 members 530 from the states 20 from the union territories two from anglo indian community who may be nominated by the president if he feel that they are not adequately represented the representation even population basis uttar pradesh has maximum with a team members delhi 7 members mizoram nagaland and sikkim 1

Adjournment motion

Means a proposal to lay aside all other business and take up a definite matter of urgent importance to keep ruling party under control allowed on subjects like railway accident resulting in death of several people daring dacoity natural calamity it needs to interruption of normal business of the house

Financial powers

Money bill can only originate in lok sabha and send to raja for recommendation which must be made within 14 days The budget parliament passes union budget estimates of receipts and expenditure for financial year of the government railway budget and general budget Supplementary grands if amount authorised for financial year is not enough government can make fresh demand Vote on account union budget is not passed before new financial year april 1 authorises the executive to draw funds from the consolidated fund Salaries and allowances of mps and ministers Permission for taxes imposing tax must be approved by parliament lok sabha more power than raja as a money bill can be introduced only and look rajya sabha only advisory function

No confidence motion

No confidence motion is a proposal expressing lack of confidence in the ministry the council of ministers is collectively responsible to the entire lok sabha including members of opposition the motion must have support of at least 50 members and has to be taken up for discussion within 10 days from which leave is granted the speaker puts the motion to vote after the debate it's the motion is passed the whole government has to resign even a single vote counts shri atal bihari vajpayee lost just by 1 vote confidence motion is reverse of no confidence motion

Deputy speaker

Performs the duty of the speaker when the letter is absent or when the office is vacant is elected and removed in the same way as a speaker.

Basic qualification for membership

Same as lok sabha but it should be at least 30 years indian citizen age name in electoral roll not an insolvent no office of profit not a criminal not of unsound mind

Disqualification of

Same as lok sabha if he hold office of profit voluntarily acquired citizenship of another country and sound mind state legislative assembly member undischarged insolvent and disqualification under parliamentary law

Sessions

Session at least twice a year with less than 6 months gap 3 sessions nominee budget session february may monsoon session july august and winter session november december president summons each house

Parliamentary procedures

Sessions quorum question hour zero hour types of motion adjournment motion no confidence motion and adjournment and prorogation of the house

What are the three types of questions in question hour

Start question oral cancer is given marked with asterisk mark supplementary questions can be asked Unstarred questions answers are given in return form no supplementary questions can be asked Short notice question relate to important notice shorter than 10 days minister constant decide whether to answer or not

Non federal or unitary features

Strong centre single constitution for union and states flexibility of constitution single citizenship in equality of representation in the rajya sabha existence of union territories

strong centre list in the constitution

Union list 97 item state list 67 items concurrent list 47 items central government employees overriding position in concurrent list item

Presiding officers

Vice president ex-officio chairman of rajya sabha cannot vote except when there is a tie deputy chairman acts as chairman in absence of chairman

Role and functions of the speaker

business of the house Administrative functions Disciplinary functions parliamentary functions Miscellaneous functions

Rajya sabha

the upper house of the council of states is known as rajya sabha it represents the federation of state of the indian union