Unit 1 Ap Biology MCQ

Over many years of a breeding program, a zoo has an established population of foxes that is well adapted for living in captivity. A representative sample of wild foxes from the neighboring forest was used to start the zoo population. A study was conducted to compare the behavior of the zoo fox population with the wild fox population in the neighboring forest. The behaviors of equal numbers of foxes from each population were assessed. Each fox's behavior was scored on a continuum from docile to aggressive based on its interaction with a trained behaviorist. The data is shown in Figure 1. The phenotypic variation in behavior between the two populations can best be described as resulting from

Artificial Selection

According to the definition given for fitness, which mouse would biologist consider the fittest?

Black

In a lab you are trying to get several generations of fruit flies. After each generation you move the flies to a new culture bottle, but you notice after several generations the viability has decreased in your flies. You realize that the decrease in variability is most likely due to your small population and genetic drift. What might be the best way to increase the viability of your flies?

Cross your flies with flies from another lab

In the Arizona populations, the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene is responsible for coat color phenotype (light or dark). The MC1RD allele, which results in a dark coat, is dominant to the d allele. Researchers collected samples of mice from all six study sites and sequenced the MC1R gene. Table 1 presents the genotypic data from sampled mice from all six locations. Which of the following best describes the processes occurring between the mouse populations and their environments?

Dark color is selected for in mice from West, Mid, and East populations

The bones in the arms of penguins are similar to the bones of a seal. Penguins and seals share a common ancestor that a similar limb structure. Penguins and seals both use these arms for swimming. What term best describes the relationship between the bones of the penguin and seal?

Homologous structure

DNA sequences in many human genes are very similar to the sequences of corresponding genes in chimpanzees. The most likely explanation for this result is that

Humans and chimpanzees share a relatively recent common ancestor

A deer mouse is the most widely distributed small mammal in North America. It varies greatly according to its geographical location, especially in coat color, tail length, and foot length. Where would you expect deer mice to be significantly different?

In regions between forests and deserts, where there is a lot of environmental differences

While there is only one species of Galápagos Island tortoise, there are several subspecies. Larger islands with more wet highlands have lush vegetation near the ground. Tortoises there tend to have high-domed shells and shorter necks, which restrict upward head movement. They also have shorter limbs. They are the heaviest and largest of the subspecies. Smaller, drier islands are inhabited by tortoises with longer necks and limbs and with shells that are elevated above the neck, which allow them to browse taller vegetation. Based on the information given, which of the following is a plausible explanation for the ancestry of the tortoise subspecies?

Individuals with different adaptations in shell shape and leg length best exploited the food resources and left more surviving offspring on each island

Which of the following statements best summarizes evolution as it is viewed today

It is the differential survival and reproduction of the most-fit phenotypes

A scientist used the amino acid sequence of cytochrome c in different species to consider evolutionary relationships. The data below summarize the number of differences in the amino acid sequences of cytochrome c found in selected species. Interpretation of the data supports which of the following statements?

Mammals are more closely related to reptiles than they are to fish

There was a population of tan colored mice that lived in the deserts of California. A volcano erupted and areas of the desert were covered in lava flow, which had a dark color. One mouse had a dark colored allele and was better suited to survive in the new habitat. What is the likely source of the allele in the dark colored mouse?

Mutation

Please use the following information to answer the questions below.You are studying three populations of birds. Population A has 10 birds, of which 1 is brown (a recessive trait) and 9 are red. Population B has 100 birds, of which 10 are brown. Population C has 30 birds, and 3 of them are brown.Which population is most likely to be subject to the bottleneck effect?

Population A

Within six months of effectively using methicillin to treat S. aureus infections in a community, all new infections were caused by MRSA (multiple resistance S. aureus). How can this result best be explained?

Some drug-resistant bacteria were present at the start of treatment, and natural selection increased their frequency

Beetles have a wide variety of color because there is a wide range of coloration on tree trunks. Beetles use the trees to hide from predators. Changes in the environment caused the trees to become darker in color. How the population would change, which graph illustrates this change and has a justification that matches?

The coloration in the population shifted toward more darker-colored beetles, as in diagram IV. The lighter colored beetles were found more easily by the predators

Which of the following would be the best explanation for the change in fur color distribution, as shown in the table above?

The field was primarily composed of dark-colored soil providing protection for the dark mice from predators.

Which of the following best explains why the brown-feathered phenotype in tawny owls has increased over the past 28 years?

With milder winters, the advantage of gray feathers that blend into a snowy environment has decreased

The wing of a butterfly is made up of protein membranes covered in haris, the wing of a bird is made up of bones and feathers, and the wing flap of a flying squirrel is a flap of skin between the arm and leg. They all have a similar function. These structures are examples of

analogous structure

Soon after the island of Hawaii rose above the sea surface (somewhat less than 1 million years ago), the evolution of life on this new island should have been most strongly influenced by

founder effect.

In those parts of equatorial Africa where the malaria parasite is most common, the sickle-cell allele constitutes 20% of the β�-hemoglobin alleles in the human gene pool. Considering the overall human population of the U.S. mainland at the time when the slave trade brought large numbers of people from equatorial Africa, what was primarily acting to change the frequency of the sickle-cell allele in the overall U.S. population?

gene flow

Over time, the movement of people on Earth has steadily increased. This has altered the course of human evolution by increasing

gene flow

Natural selection is based on all of the following except

individuals adapt to their environments and, thereby, evolve.

Which of the following pairs are the best examples of analogous structures?

owl wing and hornet wing

Most Swiss starlings produce four to five eggs in each clutch. Starlings producing fewer, or more, than this have reduced fitness. Which of the following terms best describes this situation?

stabilizing selection

Microevolution occurs

when species populations undergo changes in allele frequencies over time.

In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency of allele a is 0.2. What is the frequency of individuals with AA genotype?

. 0.64