Unit 1 History

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the Scientific Revolution? A)People looking for answers about the world outside of the Roman Catholic Church. B)Revival of Greco-Roman ideas about art and literature. C)State funding of scientific experiments to further advance overseas exploration. D)Scientists engaging in elaborate experiments to prove the geocentric theory.

A)People looking for answers about the world outside of the Roman Catholic Church.

How did the Roman Catholic Church react to the Protestant Reformation? A)The Church had a series of meetings to discuss their practices and ended the sale of indulgences. B)The Pope ordered a meeting between Protestant and Catholic leaders and negotiated the Peace of Westphalia. C)The Church decided to adapt to the requests of the people and become more like the Eastern Orthodoxy. D)The Church changed practices to be more inclusive by allowing services in the vernacular and priests to marry.

A)The Church had a series of meetings to discuss their practices and ended the sale of indulgences.

The Scientific Revolution's influence reached ______. A)philosophers who employed the same empirical methods to question the world B)indigenous cultures who accepted ideas about the spread of disease C)bankers and merchants who adopted scientific methods to sell goods D)church officials who accepted the heliocentric theory

A)philosophers who employed the same empirical methods to question the world

Humanists believe _____. A)that questions about the world can be answered with reason. B)the Church has the answer to questions about human potential. C)human kind should answer questions about the world with religious texts. D)the world should not be questioned because there are no answers.

A)that questions about the world can be answered with reason.

Why did the Renaissance start in Italy? A) Italy was located by the Mediterranean and exchanged information through sea trade. B)Italy had access to ancient Greek and Roman art, literature and architecture. C)The Pope in Rome developed the printing press and ideas spread through printing. D)Trade routes converged in Italy and information was exchanged.

B)Italy had access to ancient Greek and Roman art, literature and architecture.

Why was Italy an ideal location for the start of the Renaissance? A)The Silk Road intersected with the Gold-Salt trade in Italy and ideas were exchanged. B)Italy had access to classical Greece and Roman texts which were revived during the Renaissance. C)Since the Pope was located in Italy, he supported artists, scientists, and philosophers questioning the world. D)Italian merchants gained knowledge about philosophy during trade with the English.

B)Italy had access to classical Greece and Roman texts which were revived during the Renaissance.

How is the Protestant Reformation related to the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution? A)All three changed the Catholic Church and created new religions. B)The authority of the Roman Catholic Church was questioned by all three. C)Reason and logic was used to solve the problems within the Church. D)New works of art based on classical artists were created.

B)The authority of the Roman Catholic Church was questioned by all three.

"A prince, therefore, need not necessarily have all the good qualities I mentioned above, but he should certainly appear to have them...he should not deviate from what is good, if that is possible, but he should know how to do evil, if that's necessary." Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince The quote above from Machiavell's prince suggests that politicians during the Renaissance should be _____. A)harsh and only employ harsh tactics no matter what B)concerned with maintaining power if if that means harming others C)good leaders and lead by example D)concerned with the citizens before their own power

B)concerned with maintaining power if if that means harming others

How did the Pope react to Martin Luther's 95 Theses? A)immediately stopped selling indulgences B)excommunicated Martin Luther from the Catholic Church C)eliminated corruption within the Church D)met with Luther and negotiated reforms

B)excommunicated Martin Luther from the Catholic Church

One reason indulgences were sold was to raise money to _____. A)create centers of scientific learning to prove Church teachings. B)finance the Church's spending and building projects C)support the growing peasant population in need. D)build an army to expand the Holy Roman Empire.

B)finance the Church's spending and building projects

During the Thirty Years War, both the Protestants and Catholics hoped to _____. A)prevent followers from leaving their religion by providing monetary incentives to followers. B)gain territory under their religion and stop the other from gaining territory. C)access trade routes to control and spread their religion through trade. D)expel the other religion from their territory by moving them to overseas colonies.

B)gain territory under their religion and stop the other from gaining territory.

Religious

Both, Middle Ages and Renaissance

Which of the following institutions had a lot of power at the time of Luther's birth? A)Merchants and traders B)Nobles and peasants C)Catholic Church D)Protestant Church

C)Catholic Church

Excerpt from 95 Theses: "Any truly repentant Christian has a right to full remission of penalty and guilt, even without indulgence letters" The excerpt above from Martin Luther's 95 Thesis would support his argument that the_____. A)church needed to preach in the common vernacular B)Pope had too much wealth from heavy taxation C)Catholic Church was gaining wealth by selling forgiveness D)Protestant Church should sell indulgence to fund its cause

C)Catholic Church was gaining wealth by selling forgiveness

Which statement best describes the the impact of the Protestant Reformation on England? A)After Henry VIII died, his daughter returned the country to Catholicism which lasted for another 150 years. B)There was political unrest and upheaval when Henry VIII established the Church of England causing dramatic inflation. C)England became Protestant under Henry VIII, returned to Catholicism for a brief time before settling for Protestantism under Elizabeth I. D)Protestants and Catholics began fighting over territory in Great Britain during the Thirty Years War which caused devastation in Britain.

C)England became Protestant under Henry VIII, returned to Catholicism for a brief time before settling for Protestantism under Elizabeth I.

Which of the following statements best describes the 95 Theses? A)A demand for reform in the Catholic Church over their use of religious icons and use of Latin. B)Statements declaring the Catholic Church abused power and the need for predestination. C)Grievances about the Catholic Church including the sale of indulgences and amount of wealth. D)Complaints about the abuses of the monarchy and the Pope to the peasantry and merchants.

C)Grievances about the Catholic Church including the sale of indulgences and amount of wealth.

Robert Boyle

Conducted experiments on gasses and pressure

One political effect of Protestant Reformation was _____. A)The Pope's political influence spread overseas. B)The Holy Roman Empire gained more authority. C)France created a Protestant theocracy for its ruler. D)England became protestant under Henry VIII.

D)England became protestant under Henry VIII.

An increase in literacy, more books available, information traveling farther can all be attributed to the ______. A)increase in trade. B)Reformation. C)Renaissance. D)Gutenberg Press.

D)Gutenberg Press.

Which of the following statements best represents the Renaissance? A)It was a time period of increases in scientific thinking based on the Church. B)It was a time period of philosophical movement questioning the ideas about government. C)It was a time period of expansion of European city-states and trade routes. D)It was a time period of rebirth for Greco-Roman art and philosophy.

D)It was a time period of rebirth for Greco-Roman art and philosophy.

Which of the following innovations allowed Martin Luther to spread his ideas rapidly throughout Europe? A)The Reformation B)95 Thesis C)Block printing D)The printing press

D)The printing press

Why were reason and observation important in the Scientific Revolution? A)Many previous cultures had used reason and observation rather than religions to explain any phenomenon and this was adopted by the Scientific Revolution B)They were important beliefs held by the Church and supported a way to conduct experiments. C)Scientists used them in order to affirm beliefs about the world such as the geocentric theory. D)They gave scientists a basis to make observations and conduct experiments.

D)They gave scientists a basis to make observations and conduct experiments.

Humanist artists of the Renaissance focused their art on ______. A)religious figures only B)creating mosiacs C)flat, two-dimensional figures D)dimension and perspective

D)dimension and perspective

How was the Church able to gain so much wealth? A)selling confessions B)patronage to the Pope C)charitable donations D)levying taxes

D)levying taxes

Peace of Westphlia

Ended the Thirty years war and redrew the map of Europe

(True or False) During the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution, the Roman Catholic Church maintained power by being at the forefront of education sponsoring scientists and artists.

False

(True or False) Martin Luther had many complaints about the Catholic Church including their practice of using the vernacular because it made it impossible for the commoner to be able to understand Church teachings.

False

Ignatius of Loyola

Founder of the Jesuit order

Copernicus

Heliocentric theory of the universe

Halos

Middle Ages

Two Dimension

Middle Ages

Focus on ordinary people

Renaissance

linear perspective

Renaissance

John Calvin

Started a Protestant religion that believed in predestination

(True or False) Great works of art were created during the Renaissance because of fierce competition between city-states in Italy and the patronage of wealthy individuals.

True

(True or False) King Henry VIII was similar to Martin Luther because he went against the Catholic Church however they were different because Henry VIII was motivated by politics rather than religion.

True

(True or False) The Renaissance and Scientific Revolution share similarities in their search for answers and expressions about the world that did not rely on the Roman Catholic Church.

True

(True or False) The fighting that took place between Protestants and Catholics during the Thirty Years War resulted in more autonomy for European countries.

True

Peace of Augsburg

allowed German princes to choose the religion for their territory

Isaac Newton

observed laws of motion

Galileo

proved the heliocentric theory with a telescope