unit 1 psych
Which of the following is the strongest correlation?
-.90
"A psychologist administered the most recent edition of the Stanford-Binet IQ test to 50 students and their scores are shown in the chart above. How many students earned scores higher than two standard deviations above the mean?"
2
2, 11, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 5 What is the mode of the number set above?
2
3, 0, -3 What is the standard deviation of the numbers above?
3
A student who scored at the mode would have how many points? the most
5
The numbers below represent the quiz results for a psychology class. What is the median score for the class?
5
12, 3, 3, 4, 8 What is the mean of the set of numbers above?
6
Which of the following is the median score?
6
A test has a mean of 80 with a standard deviation of 4. Which of the following scores is within one standard deviation of the mean?
77
Researchers have found a negative correlation between income and dental problems. What conclusion can correctly be drawn from this statement?
As income increases, the likelihood of dental problems decreases.
Participants were asked to rate the importance of achieving honor-roll status. Researchers found that students from smaller families rated the importance more highly than students from larger families. The research team concluded that a student's attitude toward school achievement is the result of family size.Which of the following is the most important error made by the research team?
Assuming that correlation proves causation
What is the best way to ensure the results of the study on generalizable to a population?
By using a random selection of people in that population
There is a strong positive correlation between ice cream sales and instances of snakebites. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this correlation?
Hot weather is related to both ice cream sales and snake activity
Which of the following is a strength of naturalistic observation?
It minimizes artificiality, which can be a problem in laboratory studies.
Which of the following have been shown to have a positive correlation?
Perceived lack of control and learned helplessness
The belief that human behavior is the result of unconscious drives and conflicts represents which of the following theoretical perspectives?
Psychoanalytic
Which of the following most accurately describes a dependent variable?
Some aspect of a participant's response that is measured in an experiment
Professor Ahad has forty-three students in section one of the psychology classes she teaches and fifty-two students in section two. Section one meets at eight a.m. and, section two meets at one p.m. Professor Ahad gives all of her students the same final exam, and those in section two score significantly higher than those in section one. Professor Ahad concludes that her section one students are academically inferior to students in section two. The biggest problem with Professor Ahad's conclusion is that
Time of day is a confounding variable in this scenario.
A researcher is studying the effect of caffeinated drinks on the activity level of ten-year-old children. Half of the children in the study drank caffeinated soda, and half drank noncaffeinated soda. Neither the research team nor the children knew which drinks had caffeine and which drinks did not. The researchers were using
a double blind design
A research group conducted a study investigating the connection between self-reported number of hours slept in a given week and scores on a happiness measure. Based on the scatterplot above, the group can report that there is
a positive correlation
Dr. Larson was interested in whether classical music helps students perform better on a test. Dr. Larson randomly assigned half of the study's participants to a group that listened to classical music while taking a test. The other half of the participants did not listen to music while taking a test. The research design Dr.Larson used is
an experiment
To determine whether a cause-effect relationship exists between two variables, a researcher must use
an experimental approach
Dr. Lee is interested in the effect of lighting on people's ability to concentrate. Dr. Lee studies this by manipulating the amount of lighting while participants read and then measuring their scores on a reading comprehension test. Group 1 receives dim light, and group 2 receives bright light. Which of the following research methods is Dr. Lee using?
an expriment
Ethical principles developed by the American Psychological Association help ensure that human participants in psychological research
are protected from physical and psychological harm
Clinical researchers are interested in gaining insight into the causes of abnormal behavior. One way that they do this is to delve deeply into the histories of patients with a common diagnosis, interviewing family, friends, teachers, therapists, physicians, babysitters, and others who can provide rich details about the patients' lives. Then, researchers try to see if there are any common themes in the information gathered.What research method does this strategy represent?
case study
Synesthesia is a phenomenon that has been estimated to occur in only a few people in a million. Because of its rarity, researchers are likely to choose which research method to study it?
case study
Which theoretical perspective in psychology attempts to characterize the way in which humans store and process sensory information?
cognitive
In an experiment, which of the following variables refers to the outcome that is measured by the experimenter?
dependent
In an experiment to test the effects of hunger on aggressive behavior, aggressive behavior would be the
dependent variable
Drawing a random sample of people from a town for an interview study of social attitudes ensures that
each person in the town has the same probability of being chosen for the study
In a research study, informed consent is a concern of
ethics
A psychologist designed a study to test the effects of cell phone use on driving safety. Participants were randomly assigned either to drive an automobile simulator while talking to a friend on a cell phone or to drive a simulator without talking on a phone.Which type of research does the scenario describe?
experimental
Which of the following research approaches would be best for testing the hypothesis that the presence of certain odors causes people to gamble more?
experimental
Rocio is continually learning new skills and gaining insights into herself. Although she is not experiencing any distress, she chooses to see a therapist. This primary emphasis on growth is most reflective of which of the following perspectives?
humanist
A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group. What is the dependent variable in this study?
incidence of aggressive behavior
Research participants are randomly assigned to one of three groups. One group listens to a list of words, another group reads a list of words printed on paper, and the remaining group hears and reads the words.The researcher then tests the participants' memories to see how many words the members of each group can recall. The modality in which the words are presented (i.e., auditory, visual, or both) is which type of variable?
independent
A survey shows that children who have encyclopedias in their homes earn better grades in school than children whose homes lack encyclopedias. The researcher concludes that having encyclopedias at home improves grades. This conclusion is erroneous primarily because the researcher has incorrectly
inferred causation from correlation
Which of the following statements best describes the placebo effect?
it can be brought about by the individuals expectations
A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group. This research method is best characterized as
naturalistic observation
Jane Goodall lived among wild chimpanzees intermittently for decades, studying their social and family systems while keeping her interaction with the chimpanzees to a minimum. Her research method can most accurately be described as
naturalistic observation
Which of the following best describes the graph?
negatively skewed distribution
In order to yield information that is generalizable to the population from which it was drawn, a sample must be
representative of population
The correlation between two measures obtained on a group of individuals is graphically represented as a
scatterplot
In a recent report, a developmental psychologist who studied peer pressure in middle schools obtained data from a large, representative sample of adolescents across the United States. This research most likely involved a
survey
A professor conducts a survey examining the relationship between pessimism and mental-health problems, and the results of her study are depicted in the scatterplot above. Which of the following types of relationship between pessimism and mental-health problems do her data suggest?
the positive correlation
A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group. What is the independent variable in this study?
type of television program viewed
Which procedure can reduce problems associated with the use of deception by a researcher?
using only double-blind studies
It is important for researchers to use precise operational definitions when:
They want to be able to replicate the experiment
