Unit 1, TX GOV Chapter 1, Govt 2306 Exam 1 Bulk add to this anotha one
" ______ Codes" - segregation laws prior to Radical Republicans taking power - separate but equal rights.
" Black Codes" - segregation laws prior to Radical Republicans taking power - separate but equal rights.
June 19, 1865 is known as what to freed slaves in Texas?
"Juneteenth" is when federal troops landed in Galveston and declared martial law until state freed slaves.
Cooley Doctrine
"Local Government is a matter of absolute right; and the state may not take it away"
HCR
"Obama Care"- a leading provider of Skilled Nursing, Outpatient Rehabilitation, Memory Care and Home Health and Hospice Care
Which of the following was the slogan of the Texas Grange going into the 1875 Constitutional Convention?
"Retrenchment and reform"
California and immigration
"Talks nice but acts mean."
What best describes Texas's philosophy today?
"The best government is the government that governs least."
What best describes Texas's philosophy today?
"The best government is the government that governs the least."
growing
#1 of the ten things of what TX is/will be. In TX, we're______ (getting bigger). There's no single digit of this and this is not new in TX.
Biennial budget
#1 per capita, #2 population growth, a period of two years
who
#1 thing political scientists focus on. This involves: groups, types of individuals, and actual vs. percieved
IS
#10 of ten things TX is/will be. Hispanic population growth ___ uniform
faster
#2 of ten things of what TX is/will be. TX has always grown________ than other states.
what
#2 thing political scientists focus on. This involves government outputs, and statements vs. behaviours
when and how
#3 thing political scientists focus on. This involves: limitations and implementation
council of government
#5 of ten things of what TX is/will be. ___________. Includes: north central TX-Metroplex, our big cities are getting bigger, and MSA (TX Metropolitan Statistical areas.
populstion growth
#6 of ten things of what TX is/will be. ___________ is not evenly distributed across TX.
95
#7 of ten things of what TX is/will be. _______of under 18 population growth are Hispanic
uniform
#8 of ten things TX is/will be. Population growth is not ______ across nations, but Hispanic growth is relatively ________
not
#9 of ten things that TX is/will be. TX is ______ unique, Hispanic growth is magnified in the U.S.
How much is property tax?
$1.17 (multiplied by 1000) and that goes to schools
Annual budget in 2012-2013
$173.5 billion
Annual budget in 2010-2011
$187.5 billion
How much money is used for the toll roads?
$200 billion
Annual budget in 2014-2015
$200.4 billiona
How much TANF would be provided for a family of 4?
$22050
What is AFDC?
(Aid to families with dependent children) - A federally and state-financed program for children living with parents or relatives who fell below state standards of need; this was replaced in 1996 by TANF
politcal subcultures
(Developed by Daniel Elazor): individualistic, traditionalistic, and moralistic
Compared to the United States and other state constitutions, Texas generally has
(all of these are true -more total amendments -higher frequency of amendments per year. -more words
In what way does the Defense of Marriage Act complicate the gay, lesbian, and transgendered battle for equal rights?
(all of these are true) -It defines what marriage is and is not. -States do not have to recognize same-sex marriages from other states. -States do not have to recognize same-sex marriages.
The Texas Constitution make the governor a relatively weak executive; however, he maximizes influences with
(all of these are true) -his tenure in office -his veto power -his appointive powers
The constitution of the Republic of Texas adopted some provisions from Spanish-Mexican law, including
(all of these are true) -homestead provisions -protection for a wife's property rights -concept of community property
The political climate in Texas has historically been described as
(all of these are true) -state with low taxes -right-to-work state -business-friendly state
Governor Perry's desire to eliminate some federal agencies was based on
(all of these are true) -what he sees as government waste and duplication of efforts by states. -his 2012 presidential campaign -the idea that the federal government should be "reigned in."
unemployment insurance
(nonvoluntary and without cause)- can replace up to half of your salary
Politics is Practical
- 8 rules
Strategy matters
- 8 rules
There are winners, losers, and nothing in between
- 8 rules
Sustained population growth
- 900 to 1,00 people come to Texas from other states everyday
Conflict is within and between people
- Good government is consistent and what you want it to be - 8 rules
Politics is not about truth
- People look to science and faith for truth - 8 rules
Politics involves conflict
- Problem in politics is that it is ones self - 8 rules
You do not have to be the smartest
- Show up, stand up, speak up - 8 rules
What are the national responsibilities?
- republican form of government - protection from invasion and domestic violence - state power to maintain militia - proper jurisdiction-extradition -state division is up to state
Constitution of the Republic (1836)
- was adopted soon after the fall of the alamo in san antonio
Constitution of Coahuila y Tejas (1827)
-Adopted when Texas was part of Mexico -Unicameral legislature
panhandle
-Although railroads advancing from Kansas City through this area brought Midwestern farmers into this region, this area shares few cultural attributes with the American Midwest. -Its religious, cultural, and social institutions function with little discernible difference to those of northern West Texas. -The economy is also supported by production of cotton and grains, and the area depends heavily on the Ogallala aquifer.
What did the Constitution of 1836 consist of?
-Bicameral legislature - elected president
What was included in the Constitution of 1861?
-Greater protection was given to the institution of slavery prohibiting the freeing of slaves -Expressed Texas' support for confederate political system
a boom based in houston
-Growth in the Gulf Coast area created a boomtown psychology and this area especially flourished. -initial growth after World War II was fueled by a flood of job seekers from East Texas and other rural areas of the state. -social and economic elite were generally composed of second- and third-generation rich whose wealth came from oil, insurance, construction, land development, or banking. -the worldwide oil and gas capital, boasts many corporate headquarters.
far west texas
-Known as the "Trans-Pecos region" -exhibits elements of two cultures - its large Mexican-American population often maintains strong ties with relatives and friends in Mexico. -The Roman Catholic Church strongly influences social and cultural attitudes on both sides of the border. -is a major commercial and social passageway between Mexico and the United States.
north texas
-Located between East and West Texas -is dominated by the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area, often called the Metroplex. -It is more economically diverse than most other Texas regions and relies heavily on banking, insurance, and the defense and aerospace industries.
Women's Suffrage Movement
-Minnie Fisher Cunningham -Texas is one of the first southern states to ratify the 19th amendment
Expect resistance
-Not everyone will agree with you - 8 rules
the texas border
-South and Far West Texas comprise this area -The economy of this area benefits economically from maquiladoras.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka(1954)
-State laws mandating statewide segregation of public schools and most facilities open to the public. Texas was among the 17 mostly Southern states with statewide laws requiring segregation at the time of the decision. -No state shall deny any person the equal protection of the law—Fourteenth Amendment.
Roe v. Wade (1973)
-Texas law making abortion illegal; 30 states outlawed abortions for any reason in 1973. -No state shall deny liberty without due process of law—Fourteenth Amendment.
Lawrence v. Texas (2003)
-Texas law making homosexual conduct a crime; 14 mostly Southern states made homosexual conduct a crime at the time of the decision. -No state shall deny liberty without due process of law—Fourteenth Amendment.
Sweatt v. Painter (1950)
-Texas law requiring racially segregated law schools. Professional schools were segregated throughout the South. -No state shall deny any person the equal protection of the law—Fourteenth Amendment.
Smith v. Allwright (1944)
-Texas laws permitting the Democratic Party to conduct whites-only primaries. Also used in other Southern states -No state shall deny any person the right to vote on account of race—Fifteenth Amendment.
Hernandez v. State of Texas (1954)
-Texas practice of denying Latinos the right to serve on juries. -No state shall deny any person the equal protection of the law—Fourteenth Amendment.
Moralistic Political culture
-The belief that government should be active in promoting the public good and that citizens should participate in politics and civic activities to ensure that good. "Giving Back" - Rooted in New England colonies
Individualistic Politcal culture
-The belief that government should limit its role to providing order in society, so that citizens can pursue their economic self-interests. About competition -originated in middle states
west texas
-The defeat of the Comanches in the 1870s opened this area to Anglo-American settlement. -is socially and politically conservative, and its religion is Bible Belt fundamentalism. -Southern part of this area is the major oil-producing area of Texas. -Northern part of this area is primarily agricultural.
What is a challenge that Texas constitution has?
-The governor shares executive powers -Executive authority fragmented at state and local levels -County level executive is also fragmented
What are some challenges for effectively amending the constitution?
-They are complex and difficult to understand -Protection of interests -Court Decisions
Traditionalistic and Individualistic subcultures in Texas explains..
-conservatism - Restrictions placed on government - Limited support for policies that redistribute resources - Historical pattern of deference to elites
Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)
-defines marriage as a legal union between a man and a woman and further stipulates that hostile states don't have to recognize same-gender marriage contracts from other states -by the overwhelming majority of 76%, added an amendment to the Texas constitution in 2005 banning both gay and lesbian marriage and civil unions
east texas
-is a social and cultural extension of the Old South. It is basically rural and biracial. -counties and towns are often dominated by old families, whose wealth is usually based on real estate, banking, construction, and retail merchandising. -Fundamentalist Protestantism dominates the region spiritually and permeates its political, social, and cultural activities.
The texas constitution has what?
-limited government - separation of powers (3 branches of government) - fragmented executive branch
central texas
-often called the "core areas" of Texas, with its three corners being Houston, Dallas-Fort Worth, and San Antonio. -The centerpiece of the region is the city of Austin which has become the "Silicon Valley" of high-tech industries in Texas.
Dr. Hector Garcia and the American GI Forum
-organized in a corpus christi elementary school classroom in march 1948 -spread through us and played a major role in giving latino americans full citizenship and civil respect
Marital Property Act
-passage of a series of laws -amounted to major steps towards women's equality -granted married women equal rights in insurance, banking, real estate, contracts, divorce, child custody, and property rights -first such comprehensive family law in the U.S.
Increasing diversity in Texas could impact
-politics -culture -voter participation -income and poverty
Texas State Constitution of 1845
-protected private homesteads from foreclosure - guaranteed separate property rights for married women -transfer property ownership -established a permanent fund for the support of public schools
the gulf coast
-since the discovery of oil, has experienced almost continuous growth. -In addition to being an industrial and petrochemical center, is one of the most important shipping centers in the nation.
Raymondville Peonage Cases (1929)
-tested for the first time the legality of forcing vagrants or debtors to repay farmers by requiring them to work off debts and fines as labor on private forms
Traditionalistic Political culture
-the belief that government should be dominated by political elites and guided by tradition. -Not about competition. - developed in the south
What is another challenge that our constitution has?
-too many constitutional amendments -The amendment process is too easy
german hill country
-was settled primarily by immigrants from Germany but also by Czech, Polish, and Norwegian immigrants. -Primarily a farming and ranching area -is socially and politically conservative and has long been a stronghold of the Texas Republican Party.
Female Texans
-were not able to vote -were not able to serve on juries -retained some property rights
The constitution of 1827 had what laws?
-you were considered married if you present yourself as a couple -Water law and water rights -community property laws -property and land law
legislation to limit abortion
. A conservative in Texas would most strongly support which of the following?
legitimacy
. A constitution promotes _________if the general public agrees that the government has the right to govern its citizens
Chapter 1
...
Chapter 2
...
Chapter 3
...
Chapter 4
...
blood alcohol level imposed on states by federal government
.08
the preferred state limit
.10
How much does TANF account for state budget?
0.1%
How many teachers moonlight (have other employment)
1 out of 3
Types of Political Cultures (3 answers)
1) moralistic culture 2) individualistic culture 3) traditionalistic culture
Three central power governments:
1) unitary 2) confederal 3) federal
texas' cultural regions
1. East Texas, 2. the Gulf Coast, 3. South Texas, 4. Far West Texas, 5. the German Hill Country, 6. West Texas, 7. the Panhandle, 8. North Texas, and 9. Central Texas.
What two different ways to pay for higher education?
1. State money of PUF (permanent university fund) generates the AUF (available university fund) 2. NRUF (national research university)
Two things that happened in Texas with the advent for the Great Recession
1. Texas Lost enormous influence in Congress 2. Texas Lost influence in the Executive Branch
What are the top 4 racial categories in Texas?
1. White/Anglo 44% 2. Hispanic/Latino 38.4% 3. Black/ African American 12.4% 4. Asian 4.3%
2010 census of illegal immigration in texas
1.7m
By 1880 how much of the state farmers were tenant farmers?
1/2 of the state farmers were tenant farmers by 1880. Tenant farmers was a farmer who leased land to grow crops. Paid the landowner a percentage of the revenue. Tenant farmers were always in debt and never owned the property.
How many people lack functional literacy because they can't fill out a job application?
1/3
How many teachers moonlight?
1/3
How much of the AUF goes to A&M?
1/3
ratio of US population that moves every year
1/3
number of amendments in Rhode Island
10
written constitution in Georgia
10
Independent
10%
What amendment is called the states right amendment?
10th
written constitution in Louisiana
11
size of king ranch
1300sq miles
How old is the Texas constitution?
135 years
How old is the Texas Constitution?
135 years old
German Republic in square miles
137k
What amendment removed slavery?
13th Amendment
Which U.S. constitutional amendment has been used by the U.S. supreme court to extend most of the provisions in the Bill of Rights to state government?
14 amendment
average days of recession
140
How many constitutional amendments were sent between 1995 and 2014
145
The U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted the ________Amendment to extend many national constitutional guarantees to the states.
14th
What amendment is the equal protection of the laws required by states, ie privileges and immunites?
14th Amendment - Article 4
If funding money comes from the state to public education schools, what percent comes from PSF and ASF?
15%
Of that 30%, what percent of students graduate college
15%
average amendments of all states
150
How many members are in The House of Reps?
150 members
House of Representatives
150 members 2 years
the Tx house of representatives
150 members, 2-yr terms
What amendment makes it illegal to deny vote based on race?
15th Amendment
Auf used to pay 85% but now pays?
16%
What was subsidy 10 years ago? What is it now?
16%, 85%
amendment that talked about income taxes
16th
What four amendments fall under Wilson's "New Freedoms"?
16th Amendment - Income Tax 17th Amendment - Popular election of Senators 18th Amendment - Prohibition 19th Amendment - Women's suffrage (right to vote)
people that cross the Mexico border
17.1 million
1990 Texas population
17m
Amendment that stripped state legislature from choosing who the representative would be
17th
texas under mexican consitution
1827
republic of texas national constitution
1836
Annexation of Texas into the United States was authorized by Congress in
1845
TX joined US, created state constitution
1845
TX leaves the union and joins confederacy
1861
TX brought back to union
1866
Edmond davis was elected
1869
end of cold war reconstruction
1869
E.J. Davis
1869 governor who corrupted and abused the state power. • tax rate skyrocket • state government accumulated mass government • law and order collapsed • took control of votes registration • intimidated unsupportive newspapers • arrested several political opponents • refused to give up spot
The constitution of today was adopted in what year?
1876 The constitution of 1876 is currently used today.
the right to vote for women (19th amendments)
1920
When was the last successful attempt to rewrite the texas constitution?
1974, there was no backing of the governor and banking scandal caused constitutional convention
In which of the following decades did the Republican Party in Texas begin to win almost all of the statewide offices it challenged?
1990s
the last year a proposal was made to hold constitutional convention
1999
3 great waves of technological change
1st Production of cotton & cattle & distribution by extensive rail road system. 2nd Oil Industry 3rd Development of the hightech digital economy.
# high courts in the state of Texas
2
# of US house members from Texas in 1845
2
How long is a House of Rep. term?
2 year terms
# years Texas TX legislature is required to write a budget for
2 years
1998 % in texas on farms and ranches
2%
Population in Houston
2.1 million
How much of the AUF goes to UT?
2/3
required votes of state senate to propose amendment
2/3
Legislature must pass amendment by?
2/3 vote
# elected college delegates 1912
20
How long after reconstruction did it take for African-American candidates to win elected office in the Texas legislature?
20 years
How many teachers leave every year?
20%
What percent of the state's household will live at or below the poverty level by 2030?
20%
number of tea party unions
200
The closest presidential elections of modern times was in
2000, when Republican George W. Bush defeated Democrat Al Gore by four electoral votes
$187.5 billion
2010-2011 Annual budget
$173.5 billion
2012-2013 Annual budget
200.4 billion
2014-2015 Annual budget
$209.4 billion
2016-2017 Annual budget
France in Square Miles
212k
Texas in 1850 population
215k
27
22 yr old constitution has 7,575 words and has been amended _____ times (first 10 are the Bill of Rights)
How old is the US Constitution?
222 years old
1940 % in texas on farms and ranches
23%
Texas in 2006 population
23.5m
What amendments cover civil rights ability to vote? Such as elimination of a poll tax and the 18 year old right to vote?
24th Amendment is the elimination of poll tax 26th Amendment is the 18 year old right to vote.
What percentage of Texans say they are "in the middle" between conservative and liberal viewpoints?
25 percent
How many counties are there in Texas?
254
The number of counties in Texas is
254
What is population of Texas?
26.5 million
What is the size of Texas?
267,000 square miles
The geographic size of Texas
267000 sq miles
size of texas in sq. miles
267k
TX square mileage (rank)
268,580 ranked 2
number of amendments in US constitution
27
TX population (rank)
27 million ranked 2
How many times has the US Constitution been amended?
27 times
the _____ state to join the union
28th
National contribution of the states budget is what percent of the total?
29%
_____ birthrate in the united states
2nd
size of alaska
2nd
Native American Reservations
3 Native American Reserve
How many of the largest cities in the us are in Texas?
3 out of 10
_____ of the 10 largest cities in the united states are in Texas
3- Dallas, Houston, San Antonio
number of trucks cross border w/ Mexico yearly
3.2 million
What percentage goes to college
30%
How many members are in the senate?
31 members
Senate
31 members 4 years
the senate
31 members, 4-year terms
automobiles that cross border w/ mexico
31.5 million
In the middle of liberal and conservative
32%
What percent of HHS money is the states budget?
33%
What percent goes to HHS and what percent goes to federal
33% and 60%
texas budget in 1990
33.3%
Average age of a texan today
33.6
Seats held by TX in house
36
2010 California population
37.3m
texas budget in 2011
37.5%
# electorals in 2012 (TX)
38
1900 Texas population
3m
Texas and its local government rank __________ when it comes to receiving federal dollars for the past decade.
3rd
How long is the senate term?
4 year terms
Increase in state population in the 21st decade
4.3 million
Harris county population today
4.5 million
must agree to borrow money
4/5
What percent of the population drops out in K-12
40%
What precent of the TxDOT budget is federal?
40%
How many students finish higher education
40% drop out 60% finish only 30% of that go on to higher education and only half of that finishes in 6 or less years
Texas presides over the 2nd largest budget in the US what percentage is federal and what percentage is state?
40% federal 60% state
average size of a constitution
40k
TX # predicted to be in electoral college in 2020
41
Democrats
42%
Racial/Ethnic groups of the Texas (Percentage of each group, where to they live)
45% Anglo, 37% Hispanic, 12% African American, 3% Asian and about 1% Native American
How many constitution amendments have voters adopted?
467
How many adopted constitutional amendments are there in the Texas Constitution?
467 constitutional amendments
amendments in Texas by 2010
474
Republicans
48%
How many times has the Texas Constitution of 1876 been amended as of 2014?
484
Higher education has what % drop out rate?
50%
Public education has what percent of retention?
50%
What is the retention rate in college?
50%
What percent of teachers leave in a 5 year period
50%
created in 1876, the same constitution today has _____________ amendments
500
What percent of people get health insurance through employer?
51%
How many acres does the toll road use?
584,000
# of States with more constitutions than Texas
6
people in Houston, baytown, other...
6 million
What percent graduates high school?
60%
What percent of HHS money is federal?
60%
What precent of the TxDOT budget is state?
60%
How many attempts have been made to amend the Texas constitution?
654
How many attempts were made to amend the Texas Constitution?
654 attempts
How many constitutions has Texas had?
7
Texas functions under what constitution number?
7
the number of constitutions texas has had
7
How many words are in the US Constitution?
7,575 words
state average tax rate for TX
7.9%
__/10 amendments for Texas that were passed
7/10
# of provisions in TX constitution dedicated to Taxes
74
NYC ----->SC(Charleston) miles of Texas
763
What percent of jobs created will be service related?
80%
What percentage of jobs created will be serive related?
80%
population of austin
800,000
N------>S miles of texas
801 miles
How much of money does Texas get from sales taxes?
85%
If funding money comes from the state, what percent comes from FSP if needed for a crisis?
85%
What percent of Texans live in an urban area?
85%
What percent of Texans live in urban areas
85% or 9 out of 10
number of amendments in Alabama
854
smallest constitution (beaumont)
8600
About what percentage of Texans live in metropolitan areas
88
How many Texans live in mega metro areas?
9 out of 10
national average of state and local
9.8%
What percent of welfare in Texas are elderly, minors, or disabled?
90%
Who is using Medicaid CHIP
90% elderly, disabled, chikdren, or working poor
How many words are in the Texas Constitution?
90,000
What percent of people attend public or charter schools?
96%
What percentage of students attend public or charter school?
96%
national average to educate a child in Texas
>11.5k
highest tax states
>12% Connecticut, NY, and NJ
2016 Texas population
>26m
alabamas constitution words
>367k
texas words in constitution
>87k
the cost to educate child per year in TX
>8900
Limited government
A Principal of Constitutional Government, a government whose powers are defined to limited by a Constitution.
Radical republicans
A block of republicans in the U.S. Congress who pushed through the adoption of black suffrage as well as an extended period of military occupation of the South following the Civil War.
Rick Perry
A champion for tea party movement
creole
A descendant of European-Spanish (or in some regions, French) immigrants to the Americas.
What is medicaid?
A federal and state program financing medical services to low-income people
plural executive
A group of officers or major officials (as a board of directors) or a committee that functions in making current decisions or in giving routine orders usually the responsibility of an individual executive officer or official. This system isn't set up for action, it's set up for inaction.
Legislation
A law which has been promulgated by a legislature or other Governing body or the Process of making it.
Dillon's Rule
A legal principle, still followed in the majority of states including Texas, that local governments have only those powers granted by their states government.
Bicameral legislature
A legislature with two houses, or chambers
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a council-manager form of government?
A mayor with power to veto council actions
Grange
A militant Farmers Movement of the late 19th Century that fought for improved conditions for farmers.
Provincialism
A narrow, limited, & self-interested view of the world.
mestizo
A person of both Spanish and Native American lineage.
moralistic culture
A political subculture that views government as a positive force; one that values the individual but functions for the benefit of the general public.
individualistic culture
A political subculture that views government as a practical institution that should further private enterprise but intervene minimally in people's lives.
traditionalistic culture
A political subculture that views government as an institution to maintain the dominant social and religious values.
Traditionalistic
A product of the Old South, this cultures uses government as means of preserving the status quo and its leadership
Government
A public institution with authority to formulate, adopt, implement, and enforce public policies for a society
Goverment
A public institution with authority to formulate,adopt,implement and enforce public policies for society.
What does the economy require?
A qualified workfoce
ranchero culture
A quasi-feudal system whereby a property's owner, or patrón, gives workers protection and employment in return for their loyalty and service. -The rancher and workers all live on the rancho, or ranch.
Elite
A small group of people that dominates the political process.
Is deadwood.
A state constitutional provision voided by a conflicting U.S. constitutional provision
Federalism
A system of Gov. in which power is divided by a Constitution, between a central Gov. & Regional Gov.
Dual federalism
A system of Gov. that prevailed in the U.S. from 1789-1937 in which most fundamental gov. powers were strictly separated between federal & state gov.
a confederal system.
A system of government in which states or regional governments have all authority, and any central government has only the power that state governments choose to delegate to it is
council-manager form
A system of municipal government in which an elected city council hires a manager to coordinate budgetary matters and supervise administrative departments
the expansion of Medicaid
A total of 26 states, including Texas, formally challenged what part of the Affordable Care Act?
north american free trade agreement (NAFTA)
A treaty among Canada, Mexico, and the United States which has helped remove trade barriers.
Cooperative federalism
A type of Fed. existing since the new deal era in which grants-in-aid have been used to encourage states and localities (w/o commanding them), to pursue Nationally defined goals. AKA (Intergovernmental Cooperation).
strong mayor-council form
A type of municipal government with a separately elected legislative body (council) and an executive head (mayor) elected in a citywide election with veto, appointment, and removal powers
weak mayor-council form
A type of municipal government with a separately elected mayor and council, but the mayor shares appointive and removal powers with the council, which can override the mayor's veto.
Marble cake federalism
A way of describing cooperative federalism where there is interaction between levels of gov.
Layer cake federalism
A way of describing the system of dual federalism where there is no intervention between levels of gov.
ku klux klan (KKK)
A white supremacist organization. Along with local law officers and the Texas Rangers. -actively participated in violence and intimidation of both Latinos and African Texans to keep them "in their segregated place."
What is a city-manager typically referred to as in the council-manager type of government?
A will and pleasure employee
In 1906 Oil in the Texas economy was at $101,403.00. By 1919 it reached 1 Million and 1929 $6 Million. In 2010-2011 what was the oil revenue? A. 1.8 Billion B. 2 Billion C. 4.6 Billion D. 2.5 Billion
A. 1.8 Billion B. 2 Billion - Is the natural gas revenue in 2010-2011 C. 4.6 Billion - Is the 2013 Budget forecast for Oil D. 2.5 Billion - Is the 2013 Budget forecast for Nat. Gas
How many registered voters in Texas? A. 13,646,226 B. 18,000,000 C. 18,279,737 D, 25,000,500
A. 13,646,226 - ANSWER C. 18,279,737 - This is the number of VAP - voting age population.
How many people live in Texas? A. 25 Million B. 50 Million C. 30 Million D. 35 Million
A. 25 Million
In 1994 federal funds in Texas was 22.3 Billion. In 2011 the funds were up to? A. 65.5 Billion B. 55.5 Billion C. 34.5 Billion D. 20.5 Billion
A. 65.5 Billion
Expressed powers of the US Constitution is found where? A. Article I, Section 8 B. Article II, Section 8 C. ArticleI1, Section 6 D. Article I, Section 5
A. Article I, Section 8 Expressed Powers (17 of them) - Power to coin money, declare war, regulate interstate commerce, which lays out the primary powers of the Federal Government.
Political culture where material wealth and personal freedom to achieve commercial success. Government is limited to ensure stability for individuals to pursue private initiatives. Voting is a right to exercise or not. A. Individualistic B. Moralistic C. Traditionalistic D. One-Party
A. Individualistic Other aspects of individualistic political culture is: conceal carry limited welfare spending
Which of the following political cultures least apply to Texas? A. Moralistic B. Individualistic C. Traditionalistic D. Provincialistic
A. Moralistic
What Section in Article 4 requires the states give "full faith and credit" to each other's, public acts, records, and judicial proceedings, such as Marriage? A. Section 1 B. Section 2 C. Section 3 D. Section 4
A. Section 1
As of 2010, what is the dominant race in texas? A. White B. Hispanic C. African American D. Asian
A. White
The KKK, a white supremacist organization, saw a threat to their values coming from which of the following groups?
ALL OF THE ABOVE
The Texas Constitution makes the governor a relatively weak executive; however, he maximizes influences with:
ALL OF THE ABOVE
The political climate in Texas has historically been described as:
ALL OF THE ABOVE
Today, inequality among ethnic groups is no longer reflected by overt official legal discrimination as by
ALL OF THE ABOVE
Today, inequality among ethnic groups is no longer reflected by overt official legal discrimination as by:
ALL OF THE ABOVE
What characteristics reflected the Old South's elitism that aimed to limit political participation to the "right people"?
ALL OF THE ABOVE
Which frontier experience had a strong impact on the individualist culture in Texas?
ALL OF THE ABOVE
Which group of individuals contributed to the development of Texas's individualistic subculture?
ALL OF THE ABOVE
Which is a correct statement about the Texas Constitution of 1866?
ALL OF THE ABOVE
Why after the Civil War did the Republican Party become, to most Southerners, the party of the North?
ALL OF THE ABOVE
Lower income levels among minorities in Texas are indicative of
ALL OF THE ABOVE - limited educational opportunity; lack of health insurance; lower rates of participation
The constitutions of the Texas Republic and first states constitutions are products of
ALL OF THE ABOVE - plantation culture, anglo-protestant slaveholders, and some provisions of Spanish-American law
During the decade that followed the Civil War, Texas went from a period of Reconstruction to one of reconstitution. This was defined by
ALL OF THE ABOVE - the drive to guarantee former slaves their political and social rights; centralization of state power created a anti-government political environment; the attitudes of those who wrote and ratified it
Compared to the United States and other state constitutions, Texas generally has
ALL OF THE AOVE - more words, more amendments, higher frequency of amendments per year
Wendy Davis gained national attention because of her role in a Texas state legislative debate over what issue?
Abortion
How many cities are in Texas?
About 1200
What is AMF?
Above Minimum Foundation
Fifteen
According to D.W. Meinig, around the 1960s, Texas evolved into _____ fairly distinct cultural regions.
If funding money comes locally to public education, what do the schools rely on?
Ad valorem
What are the functions of the school board trustees that every ISD has?
Adopt a budget, hire a superintendent, pass policy
Constitution of 1836
Adopted soon after the fall of the Alamo modled after us constitution short elected president
What did the constitution of coanuila y tejas do?
Adopted when Texas was apart of Mexico property and land law water and water rights law community property laws
Consitution of Coahuila y Tejas 1827
Adopted when Tx was apart of Mexico. Unicameral legislature. Catholicism was the state religion-not enforced. Contained elements of common/property/land/water law/community property law and rights. The definition in Tx: live together and represent yourselves in pulic as a couple.
d. two thirds of the house and senate and a majority of the voters in an election
Adoption of an amendment to the Texas Constitution requires a vote of a. two thirds of the house of representatives and the voters in an election b. two thirds of the senate and the voters in an election c. a majority of the house and senate and two thirds of the voters in an election d. two thirds of the house and senate and a majority of the voters in an election
Constitution of 1861
After Texas seceded from union support of confederate protection given to prohibiting the freedom of slaves
The West Texas Plains
Agriculture is the economic bedrock of the West Texas Plains.Dominated by white Protestant fundamentalism, agriculture, and oil, West Texas is fertile soil for the Republican Party.
What three things make up Texas?
Agriculture, construction, oil and gas.
Which court case clarified the incorporation of the Fourth Amendment, which provides protections against unreasonable searches and seizures?
Aguilar v. Texas
Symbol of TX independence
Alamo
post master general-US house 1899-1913
Albert Burleson
What is a moralistic state?
All government and church rules should be followed
d. delegates believed in the necessity of concentrating power in the central government in Austin.
All of the following statements are true regarding the constitution of 1876, except a. Most of the delegates to the convention were white. b. the constitution was heavily influenced by agricultural interests c. delegates reacted strongly to the abuses of power under the Reconstruction era d. delegates believed in the necessity of concentrating power in the central government in Austin.
d. all of the above were objectives of the framers
All of the following were objectives of the framers in drafting the Texas Constitution of 1876 except: a. placing restrictions on state spending and the ability of the state to incur debt b. placing limits on the power of the state to impose taxes c. placing limits on the power of the governor d. all of the above were objectives of the framers e. none of the above were objectives of the framers
Which of the following is a reasons that Texas has so many special districts
All of these choices are reasons why Texas has so many special districts
Which of the following groups supported Governor James Ferguson's impeachment?
All of these groups supported impeachment of Governor James Ferguson.
Immigration in Texas
All people are from different places in Texas and are affected by immigration
property taxes
Also called "Advalorum," work in $100 chunks, then the chunks are taxed
False
Although there are no limits on the number of terms which may be served by members of the Texas executive branch, members of the Texas senate can serve no more than two four year terms.
How do changes to the constitution occur?
Amending the constitution, or constitutional convention
Which organizations served as a catalyst for granting Latino Americans full citizenship and civil respect?
American GI Forum
NAFTA
An agreement among Mexico, United States, and Canada
the valley of the rio grande
An area along the Texas side of the Rio Grande River known for its production of citrus fruits.
Which describes a Mestizo?
An individual of both Spanish and Native American lineage
General Revenue Fund
An unrestricted state fund that is available for general appropriations
What have we done to try and solve the problems within the cities?
Annex property, only as much as 10%
4th president and final of the texas republic
Ansin Jones
Police Power
Any form of security provided to you; health, welfare, safety, & morals
What did Governor Davis do that made people dislike him?
Appointed every single judge, changed the opinion of young people, antiterrorism, and also a dictator
Under the constitution of 1869, the powers granted to the government included what?
Appointment of other state officials and appointment of the judiciary
Ratification
Approval of constitution amendment by a majority of those persons voting on the amendment in an election
Texas gives its voters the power to do which of the following?
Approve constitutional amendments
What is wrong with the county governments?
Arguably have become too powerful, take power away from the state, there is a lack of central authority
State animal of TX
Armadillo
Delegated powers
Artice 1, Section 8: neccessary and proper clause. Implied powers. Supremacy clause.
Texas Bill of Right
Article 1 of the Texas Constitution, which guarantees protections for people and their property against arbitrary actions by states and local governments. Protected rights include freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, and petition
Article 1: Bill of Rights
Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution establishes and delegates power to the Legislative Branch of Government.
Which power gives the U.S. congress the authority to create rules for immigration and naturalization?
Article 1, Section 8
Necessary and proper clause
Article 1, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution it provides Congress with the authority to make all laws" necessary & proper to Carry out it's power
necessary and proper clause
Article 1, Section 8, of the US Constitution; it provides the Congress with the authority to make all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out its powers
Article 2: The powers of Government
Article 11 Divides the power of government in Texas into (3) Distinct Branches: * Legislative * Executive * Judicial It also stipulates that no one in amy one branch shall be attached to either of the other branches, except where explicitly permitted.
Executive Branch
Article 4 establishes the governor as chief executive of state • establishes plural executive • Texas has no term limits for governor (4 year terms) • veto power
Judicial Branch
Article 5 of Texas Constitution FRAGMENTS the judicial branch • Texas has two courts of final appeal: Supreme and court of criminal appeals • judges are chosen by Partisan Elections • governors have power to appoint a new judge when a judge leaves office before term is over • term limits vary greatly: many levels of court
Which Article and Section was used to justify the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act?
Article I, Section 8
Which power gives the U.S. Congress the authority to create rules for immigration and naturalization?
Article I, Section 8
The "Legislative Department" of Texas government is provided for in
Article III of the state constitution
b. plural
Article IV of the Texas Constitution provides for a _______ executive. a. unitary b. plural c. dependent d. singular
privileges and the immunities
Article IV of the U.S. Constitution guarantees that "citizens of each state shall be entitled to the privileges and immunities of citizens of the several states." According to the U.S. Supreme Court, this provision means that citizens are guaranteed protection by government,enjoyment of life and liberty, the right to acquire and posses property, the right to leave and enter any state, and the right to use state courts.
Full faith and credit clause
Article IV, Section 1 of the United States, addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the "public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state."
The national supremacy clause is found in which article of the U.S. Constitution?
Article VI
national supremacy clause
Article VI of the U.S. Constitution emphasizes that the U.S. Constitution and acts of Congress must prevail over state constitutions and laws enacted by state legislatures.
Supremacy clause
Article VI of the U.S. Constitution, which states that the constitution & laws passes by the National Gov. & all treaties are the Supreme Law of the Land & Superior to all laws adopted by any state or any subdivision.
supremacy Clause
Article VI of the US Constitution, which states that Constitution and laws passed by the national government and all treaties are the supreme law of the land and Superior to all laws adopted by any state or subdivision
supremacy clause
Article VI of the US Constitution, which states that thr Constitution and laws passed by the mational government and all treaties are the supreme law of the land and superior to all laws adopted by any state or any subdivision
Supremacy clause
Article VI, the national government will win if a conflict is between national and state.
Which of the following is not considered an aspect of the moralistic subculture?
Association with more religious attitudes
New federalism
Attempts by president Nixon & Reagan to return power to the states through block grants.
Politcal culture
Attitudes, habits and general behavior patterns that develop over time and affect the political life of a state or region.
What is ASF?
Available school fund
Today what percentage of the U.S. cotton is produced in Texas? A. 50% B. 25% C. 35% D. 15%
B. 25%
In the Constitution of the Republic of Texas in 1836, The President had what type of term? A. 2 year Term, prohibited consecutive terms B. 3 Year Term, prohibited consecutive terms C. 4 Year Term, prohibited consecutive terms D. 5 Year Term, Prohibited consecutive terms
B. 3 Year Term, prohibited consecutive terms
In the last election (2012) the registered voter turnout was? A. 61.3% B. 58.5% C. 43% D. 33.2%
B. 58.5% ANSWER C. 43% - is the number of VAP turned out to vote.
Political culture which is rooted in New England Puritanism, is for the common good and government should promote the public good. Has a more generous welfare programs. A. Individualistic B. Moralistic C. Traditionalistic D. One-Party
B. Moralistic This is the LEAST like Texas Moralistic has nothing to do with religious morals.
Implied powers, which grants Congress the right to make all laws which shall be ______________ for carrying into execution expressed powers. A. Consent of Congress B. Necessary and Proper C. Full Faith and Credit D. Supreme Law of the Land
B. Necessary and Proper The Necessary and Proper Clause - or the Elastic Clause
What Section in Article 4 Guarantees that all citizens from outside a given state enjoy the "privileges and immunities" granted to all citizens of that state? A. Section 1 B. Section 2 C. Section 3 D. Section 4
B. Section 2
What occured at the same time as the Alamo? A. Texas became part of the union B. Texas delegates convened and adopted a new constitution C. Battle of San Jacinto D. None of the above.
B. Texas delegates convened and adopted a new constitution
What treaty was the official declaration that texas should be the U.S. land? A. Treaty of Coahuila B. Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo C. Treaty of Velasco D. None of the Above
B. Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo
budget requirement for Texas
Balanced Budget requirement
The Christian Coalition would be most likely to promote which of the following>
Banning same-sex marriage
Constitution of 1866
Based on constitution of 1845 eliminated slavery short lived due to radical reconstruction
constitutions should
Be brief, stick to structure, have general responsibility and authority of government. Which is contradictory to the other requirement that it should permit adaptations to changing conditions in the political system
False
Because of its status as a former independent republic, Texas has the unique status among the states of having the right to withdraw from the union upon request.
conservation
Because of the individual/traditionalistic subcultures present in TX, this explains _______ , restrictions placed on government, limited support for politics that redistribute resources, and the historical patterns of deference to elites
Article 5: judicial department
Besides creating one (1) Supreme Court to hear civil cases and one court of criminal appeals to hear criminal cases. Article V, provides for such lesser courts like Court of Appeals, District courts, commissioner's courts, and justice of the peace courts. Also establishes details of retirement and compensation of judges, the jurisdictions of various courts, duties, and vacancies.
What best describes Texas's philosophy today?
Best government is the government that governs the least
A Two chamber legislator (State Senate/ State House)
Bicameral Legislator
TX Constitutional Article 1
Bill of Rights
The texas constitution is made up of what?
Bill of rights, separation of powers, checks and balances, legislative branch, executive branch, judicial branch
Grants of money which is given to the states by the Federal government to use as they need?
Block Grants funds given to the sates by the federal government to use as they see fit.
What are some shared powers between state & federal?
Both may collect taxes but it must not interfere with the federal tax Social services Food stamps Housing supplements are implemented together (Medicare/Medicaid/Affordable healthcare) Coercive Federalism
Political culture
Broadly shared values, beliefs, and attitudes about how the gov. should function and politics should operate. American political culture emphasizes the values of liberty, equality & democracy.
Political Culture
Broadly shared values, beliefs, and attitudes about how the government should function and politics should operate; American political culture emphasizes the values of liberty, equality, and democracy
In 2010 the PUF had a net value of? A. 25.7 billion B. 15.7 Billion C. 10.7 Billion D. 20.7 Billion
C. 10.7 Billion
What amendment says " The powers not delegated to the Unites States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people."? A. 2nd Amendment B. 8th Amendment C. 10th Amendment D. 18th Amendment
C. 10th Amendment
What percentage of the nations beef does Texas produce? A. 100% B. 75% C. 25% D. 10%
C. 25% Texas leads the nation in number of farms and ranches.
North American Free Trade Agreement was created in 1992. Since creation of NAFTA how many jobs in Texas has been lost to Mexico? A. 100,000 B. 35,000 C. 55, 000 D. 65,000
C. 55, 000 The jobs moved because labor was much cheaper.
Which Article says, No state shall, without consent of Congress, enter into any agreement of compact with another state. A. Article I, Section 8 B. Article I, Section 3 C. Article I, Section 10 D. Article I, Section 7
C. Article I, Section 10 For example the Wright Amendment
By 1880 Texas was the largest producer of? A. Beef B. Cattle Drives C. Barbed wire and Railroads D. All of the Above
C. Barbed wire and Railroads
In 1995 what President passed the Unfunded Mandate Reform Act? A. Reagan B. Nixon C. Clinton D. Gore
C. Clinton
What is not part of the agreements to settle in Texas? A. Take and oath of allegiance to Mexico B. Accept Roman Catholicism as official religion C. Pay a tax to the church D. Spanish as the official Language E. Slavery was illegal.
C. Pay a tax to the church
In which of the following areas are most Texans currently employed? A. High Technology B. Agriculture C. Service Industry D. Oil and Gas
C. Service Industry
Power to regulate without interference A. Expressed Powers B. Federalism C. Sovereignty D. Implied Powers
C. Sovereignty
Political culture rooted in plantation values of social hierarchy. Focused on maintaining existing social order. A. Individualistic B. Moralistic C. Traditionalistic D. One-Party
C. Traditionalistic Other traditionalistic views include: Jim Crow Laws, religious groups influence policies (blue laws) Politics engaged in by established wealthy families - and families that are deeply rooted.
What treaty declares Texas independence? A. Treaty of Hidalgo B. Treaty of Guadeloupe C. Treaty of Velasco D. None of the Above
C. Treaty of Velasco
Texas is a _________ theory state. A. Diverse B. Bottom up C. Trickle Down D. Social Services
C. Trickle Down Trickle down theory state - allow business to grow and prosper and will trickle down to the people.
The first Texas sit-in to protest segregation was organized by which civil rights organization?
CORE
What state are we similar to by economic, social, and geographic diversity?
California
Which of the following is true of political parties in Texas municipal elections?
Candidates run without party labels in these nonpartisan elections
What is the maximum sales tax rate in Texas?
Cannot exceed $1 or 2%.
Texas Resources
Cattle Cotton Oil/ Natural Resources
What are the top four industries that remain important in Texas economy and culture?
Cattle, Cotton, Timber, Oil and Gas
Immigration
Causes big problems in Texas & impacts budget.
Which region is called the "core area" of Texas?
Central Texas
One example of a concurrent power would be the ability to
Charter Banks
CHIP
Children
Home-rule-Charter
Cities with populations of more than 5,000 may adopt ______ that establish any organizational structure or program that does not conflict with state law or the constitution.
During the era of condition on the dual to cooperative federalism which policy area garnered the most opposition from southern states
Civil rights
During the era of transition from dual to cooperative federalism which policy area garnered the most opposition from southern states?
Civil rights
What is the number one reason teachers leave?
Classroom management
Expressed powers
Clearly listed in article 1 section 8 of consitution
Type of federalism where federal regulations are used to force states to change their policies to meet national goals?
Coercive Federalism Are federal regulations used to force states to change their policies to meet national goals.
Seat belt laws, lowered BAC, ADA, standardized testing are all examples of what type of federalism?
Coercive Federalism Seat belt laws, lowered BAC, ADA, standardized testing are all examples of Coercive Federalism
Governor Rick Perry, during his 2011-2012 presidential bid, argued that the federal government had increasingly taken over more activities of the state government. This is an example of what type of federalism?
Coercive federalism
What is a delegated power to the national government?
Coin money, maintain an army and navy, regulate commerce, borrow money, etc...
Who was the first democratic governor?
Coke.
Article 1 section 8 include what clauses?
Commerce clase and necessary and proper clause
What kind of government cannot be adopted by a general law city?
Commission
laws developed from judicial rulings and customs over time.
Common Law refers to
An example of a labor organization that is active in Texas is the
Communication Workers of America
One distinct advantage of a federal system of power
Competitive Federalism, states are essentially 50 laboratories, set up for experimentation w. different approaches to policy problems to determine which approach works best.
Constitution of 1866
Compiled with moderate reconstruction. Basedon Constitution of 1845. Eliminated slavery and extended property and legal rights. Short lived due to Radical Reconstruction.
Read the Bill of Rights
Composed of 30 sections, it guarantees protections for people and their property against arbitrary actions by state and local governments. Included among these rights are freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, and petition; the rights of accused and convicted criminals and victims of crime; and equal rights for women.
Unicameral
Comprising one body or house, as in a one-house Legislature
metropolitization
Concentrates large numbers of people in Urban centers that become linked with suburbs in a single geographic entity
powers shared by the state and national government as stated in the U.S. constitution are called
Concurrent
What type of powers is defined that the states and the federal government also share certain powers?
Concurrent Powers The states and the federal government share certain powers power to tax, regulate commerce; courts
Which is not encompassed by the principle of check and balances?
Confirmation of appointments given to the House of Representatives
What was the 2nd constitution?
Constitution Republic Texas(1836). Freedom of religion, community property, slavery was okay, inherit property.
Under what constitution was the first declaration created about education matters with a symbolic gesture to build schools eventually?
Constitution of 1845
What constitution eliminated slavery and extended property and legal rights?
Constitution of 1866
What constitution was based on the 1845 constitution?
Constitution of 1866
What constitution was short lived due to radical reconstruction?
Constitution of 1866
First Texas constitution needed during reconstruction and to re-join union?
Constitution of 1866 - first constitution during reconstruction. Declared secession illegal and repudiated the war debt, basically means not supporting the war debt of the confederacy. Allows blacks to own property and sue banned blacks from voting, holding office or serving as jurors
Under what constitution was the power centralized in the state government?
Constitution of 1869
Under what constitution were the powers granted to the government?
Constitution of 1869
Under which constitution ruled that voter registration was handled by the us military and the news outlet must be licensed by davis?
Constitution of 1869
What constitution aimed to prevent a repetition of the abuses in the davis administration?
Constitution of 1876
What constitution did not pass in any urban areas?
Constitution of 1876
What constitution has recurring themes that restricts government at state level?
Constitution of 1876
What constitution re established traditional political relationships?
Constitution of 1876
What is the 7th constitution?
Constitution of 1876. The poorest constitution, did everything a constitution should not, most limited government, 76 Democrats & 14 Republicans also 5 black men & some hispanics wrote this constitution, segregation in schools; divided into sections: The Bill of Rights, Powers of Government, Local Government, Suffrage.
Seven Constitutions of Texas
Constitution of Coahuila y Tejas (1827) Republic of Texas (1836) Constitution of Texas (1845) Confederate Constitution of 1861 Constitution of 1866 Radical Reconstruction Constitution (1869) Texas Constitution (1876)
What was the 1st constitution?
Constitution of Coahuila y Tejas(1828). No slavery, must be Catholic, must speak Spanish, community property.
What is the 4th constitution?
Constitution of Confederate State(1861). Texas succeeded from the Union, June 19th of 1865: Texas lost battle with Union.
What is the 6th constitution?
Constitution of R.R.(1869). elected E.J. Davis as the 1st governor of Texas, Davis disenfranchised Texas & see a curfew, most corrupt government, best constitution, most constitution, most corrupt election that caused Davis to lose; The birth of the solid Democratic South (political party), all states voted for democratic government, Richard Coke is the 1st democratic governor.
What is the 5th constitution?
Constitution of Reinstatement(1866). No secession & no slavery.
What was the 3rd constitution?
Constitution of State Texas(1845). 28th state of the united States, U.S. military came into Texas to bring peace, Treaty of Hidalgo: purchased Texas from Mexico of $15 million.
Which type of federalism encourages states to pursue certain public policy goals and when states cooperated, they would receive matching funds or additional assistance from the national government?
Cooperative federalism
Simpson-Mazzoli
Correct census; Will start on process of green card if you can prove you've been paying taxes for 5 years
East Texas
Cotton production. It is firmly a part of the Republican "Solid South"
What form of city is popular in Texas?
Council Manager
What do most homerule cities use?
Council-manager
TX Constitutional Article 8
Counties
County
County Commissioner's Court. Provide Services, compete with state. Spoils System & Corruption can occur.
Which county official represents the state in civil and criminal cases and provides legal advice to county officials?
County attorney
Of the following county officials, who is appointed by the district judge?
County auditor
What kind of court does the county government have?
County commissioners court
Which elected county official has both administrative responsibility for most county agencies and judicial responsibilities?
County judge
Define County/ District Clerk
County- Births, Deeds, Deaths, Livestock Brands, Divorce, and Map of Subdivisions District- Chief record keeper, records acts and precedings of a district court, oversees petit 8 grand jury, warrants and citations, a county with less than 8000 will be combined with both clerk jobs,
Gibbons v. Ogden
Create a ferry boat, both were granted a franchise, sued each other, both went bankrupt due to too much money for the lawsuit. Supreme Courts used the lawsuit as Law of Precent for interstate commerce.
By 1929 in Harris County what percentage of manufacturing employees worked in refineries? A. 15% B. 22% C. 50% D. 27%
D. 27% by 1940 refineries have increased fourfold. By 1960 demand grew by 10% per year
Texas is ranked __________ in the nation in teen pregnancy? A. 1st B. 2nd C. 3rd D. 4th
D. 4th
Which Article creates a sense of nationalism and known as the Full Faith and Credit Clause? A. Article 1 B. Article 2 C. Article 3 D. Article 4
D. Article 4 Article 4 creates a sense of nationalism - since we have 50 states, article 4 is the "glue" that binds us together.
What article says that the laws of Congress shall be "the supreme law of the land"? A. Article I B. Article II C. Article V D. Article VI
D. Article VI When a federal and state law collide, federal will pre-empt if supported by the constitution.
Political culture which as a narrow view of the world. Associated with Jeffersonian notions of limited government and rural values. Low spending on social services and education. Intolerance of diversity. A. Diverse B. Jeffersonian C. Business Dominance D. Provincialism
D. Provincialism
Which of the following is not true of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)?
DOMA was fully endorsed by President Obama and the Judicial Department
Who were the political subcultures developed by?
Daniel Elazar
served as US secretary, secretary of agriculture and was UT and TAMU president
David houston
State constitutional provisions voided by a conflicting U.S. constitutional provision is
Deadwood
Willard vs Filburn (1942)
Decided by the Supreme Court in 1942 is probably the most extreme example of how the New Deal led to a rejection of State Power when it appreared to conflict with the power of National Government
Inherent powers
Delegated powers that come with an office or position are called
Types of Powers in Federal system (given by constitution)
Delegated, reserved, concurrent
Which court case argued that Latino children were denied the same school facilities and educational instruction available to other white races?
Delgado v. Bastrop ISD
After Reconstruction, which political party dominated in Texas for more than 100 years?
Democratic
In Texas, the two leading political parties are the
Democratic and Republican
The Constitution of 1875 was opposed by all of the following groups with the exception of:
Democrats
The Constitution of 1875 was opposed by all of the following groups with the exception of
Democrats.
Geography
Density, large size, aging, urbanization, poverty, literacy: robin hood plan that takes money from the rich and gives it to the poor, diversify, Ogallala: underground water table that is shared with 8 states, NFATA: North American Free Trade Agreement which is a treaty that allows goods to be traded more freely throughout the country, Maquilladora: women working in fabrication plants.
Which federal agencies work alongside Texas agencies complementing their economy?
Department of Defense, Border Patrol, and Agriculture
What is a colonia? Depressed border housing, no running water or sewer
Depressed border housing, no running water or sewer
The attempt to enhance the power of state and local governments, especially by substituting more flexible block grants instead of restrictive categorical grants in aid is called
Devolution
Under the New Federalism/Fiscal Federalism, what is the term used to describe, returning power to the states, shrink the national government, return power to the states and allow the states to start to take more control of their destiny?
Devolution Under the New Federalism/Fiscal Federalism, what is the term used to describe, returning power to the states, shrink the national government, return power to the states and allow the states to start to take more control of their destiny
a. the passing of authority from the national government to the state and local levels.
Devolution is a. the passing of authority from the national government to the state and local levels. b. the expansion of national authority that began in the 1930s. c. the contraction of state authority and the expansion of local government authority. d. the expansion of national authority that began in the 1960s.
What is federalism?
Division or sharing of powers between national and state governments
Texas population has always grown by at least what?
Double digits, and grows every decade
The American GI forum was organized by:
Dr. Hector Garcia
Which individual organized the American GI Forum?
Dr. Hector Garcia
The different type of federalists
Dual cooperative creative regulated coercive new
The understanding that the national government and state government are both sovereign within their sphere of influence is called
Dual Federalism
Until the 1930's, the relationship between states like Texas and the National government would be best described as
Dual Federalism
What type of federalism are the powers of the federal and state governments are largely separate?
Dual Federalism - or Layer Cake Federalism
What dominant type of federalism existed up until the 1930s?
Dual federalism
3 kinds of government/periods of time:
Dual, Cooperative, & New
Article 1, Section 19 of the Texas Constitution protects against
Due process
In 1870 the US military relinquished control of the state to which governor?
E.J. Davis
Dillon's Rule
Each entity can only exercise those powers expressly granted them by state law.
In which area is Texas's individualistic subculture overridden by traditionalistic culture?
East Texas
What Texas region is a social and cultural extension of the Old South—dominated by old families, whose wealth is usually based on real estate, banking, construction, and retail merchandising?
East Texas
Which region of Texas is an extension of the old South?
East Texas
What court case affected education and politics in Texas?
Edgewood ISD vs. Kirby
What was Edgewood ISD vs. Kirby about?
Edgewood considered whether the system of funding public schools through local property taxes fulfilled the Texas State Constitution's provisions on education. - The plaintiffs argued that the state's reliance on local property taxes to fund public education discriminated against poor children by denying them equal opportunities in education.
TX Constitutional Article 7
Education
advisor to Wilson
Edward House
Texas Judiciary
Elected. There was no registration system. Judges are partial to people not the laws. Attorneys pay judges. We electedall of our judges all the way up to the Supreme Court.
Initiatives
Election method that empowers citizens to place proposal on ballet to vote upon
Fifty-three percent of Texans believe we spend too little on which specific public policy?
Elementary and Secondary Education
Fifty-three percent of Texans believe we spend too little on which specific public policy?
Elementary and secondary education
The Twenty-fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution forbids states from which of the following?
Enacting poll tax laws as a condition for voting in a national election
What is New Government?
Ended time of democrats in power, mixed between Repub. & Demo. presidents, started with Nixon Fruit cake
Which of the following is not protected by the U.S. Constitution?
Equal votes for each state in the Electoral College
laws to punish people critical of people fighting WWI
Espionage and Sedation Acts
Which U.S. Supreme Court case voided the Texas' governor's election of 1873?
Ex parte Rodriguez
Criticism #1 of constitution
Executive authority is fragmented at state and local levels. Country level executive is also fragmented (split).
Define Constables
Executives of Justice of the Peace # of constables depends on the population
What are some constitutional limits on states?
Expressly given to the federal government. Can't levy taxes Can't enter treaty with a foreign nation Can't engage in war independently unless attacked Cannot coin money CAN'T LEAVE THE UNION
The interior lowlands
Extension of the interior lowlands that run down from Canada, Agriculture, rural
How states must treat each other?
Extradition A person cannot skip paying child support by leaving the state Business contracts are accepted Interstate compacts Any dispute between states is settled by the federal court
T or F Every time the constitution is amended, it gives some more power to the states.
FALSE Every time the constitution is amended, it REMOVES some power of the states.
T or F In 1940, 35% of the Texas population worked on farms and ranches.
FALSE In 1940, 23% of the Texas population worked on farms and ranches. TODAY only about 2% of Texas population is located on farms/ranches. 1 out of every 7 in an agriculture related job r about 15%
T or F In 1984 Reagan said funds could be withheld if states did not decrease the drinking age from 21 to 18 for the health and safety of the people?
FALSE In 1984 Reagan said funds could be withheld if states did not INCREASE the drinking age from 18 TO 21 for the health and safety of the people?
T or F Texas has been a two party state, except for the 1990's where it was a one-party state.
FALSE Texas has been a one party state except during the 1990's we were what looked like to be a two party state. Ann Richards elected in 1990 and was strictly a democrat.
T or F The Tea Party compromised often with the Republican Party?
FALSE The Tea Party compromised often with the Republican Party?
T or F once the federal government regulates something we remove it if we dont like it.
FALSE once the federal government regulates something we remove it if we dont like it. Example is Social Security, we wanted the young men working to support the families. The elderly was supported through social security, designed for that time and purpose, but we have never gotten rid of it. This is moving into the marble federalism timeframe.
cooperative federalists
FDR started
Which law outlawed child labor, established a minimum wage, limited the workweek to 40 hours, and mandated overtime pay?
Fair Labor Standards Act
Although there are no limits on the number of terms which may be served by members of the Texas executive branch, members of the Texas senate can serve no more than two four year terms.
False
Because of its status as a former independent republic, Texas has the unique status among the states of having the right to withdraw from the union upon request.
False
Of the various phases of federalism, the one in which the state governments exercised the greatest degree of control and authority was the period of regulated federalism.
False
Texans may propose constitutional amendments by voter initiative, which requires the collection of a prescribed number of signatures on a petition within a set time.
False
The Texas Constitution of 1876 was intended to expand the powers of the governor's office.
False
The voter turnout for constitutional amendment elections in Texas has generally averaged approximately 35% of registered voters.
False
T or F Business has little power over Texas politics.
False Business has a lot of power over Texas politics.
Coercive federalism
Federal Gov. efforts to accomplish national policy goals by preempting state power, forcing states to change their policies, and forcing the expenditure of money by states without compensation by the National Gov.
Federal funding in Texas
Federal grants are 2nd largest revenue for texas •35% budget comes from • less per capita than most states.
Block grants
Federal grants that allow states considerable discretion in how the funds are spent.
coercive federalism
Federal policies that force states to change their policies to achieve national goals
unfunded mandates
Federal requirements that states or local governments pay the cost of federal policies
Unfunded mandates
Federal requirements that the state (or local) Gov. pay the costs of federal policies.
Controversy surrounding the Affordable Care Act is an example of the friction inherent in ___________________.
Federalism
A system in which the federal government shares power with lower levels of government.
Federalism Basically there is a shared power amongst the governments, we have one national and many state governments. Each having their own level of control over the community.
The power over funding to the states is also known as "blackmail"
Fiscal Federalism
FSP
Foundation School Program-is the largest single appropriation of state general revenue funds in the budget. The Texas Constitution states that this is the primary means of distributing state aid to Texas public schools
Dual federalists
Founding fathers (1789-1933)
The U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted the ________Amendment to extend many national constitutional guarantees to the states.
Fourteenth
The U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted the ______________ Amendment to extend many national constitutional guarantees to the states.
Fourteenth
The U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted the ___________________ Amendment to extend many national constitutional guarantees to the states.
Fourteenth
Which U.S. Constitutional Amendment has been used by the U.S. Supreme Court to extend most of the provisions in the Bill of Rights to state governments?
Fourteenth Amendment
What bureau was the role to incorporate freed slaves into society?
Freedman's Bureau
The key issue in Texas?
Function of our constitution
In what court case did the U.S. Supreme Court move the balance of power from the states to the national government, limiting the role of the Tenth Amendment and the powers reserved to the states?
Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority
Understand the difference between general law and home-rule.
General law needs 201 people, governed by the legislature, more rigid government. Home rule: needs to have 5000 population, more flexible government, citizens can vote for charter for city.
________ is a document authorizing the establishment of a city with a population of 5,000 or less whose structure and organization are prescribed and limited by state law.
General-Law Charter
________ is a document authorizing the establishment of a city with a population of 5,000 or less whose structure and organization are prescribed and limited by state law.
General-law charter
_________________ is a document authorizing the establishment of a city with a population of 5,000 or less whose structure and organization are prescribed and limited by state law.
General-law charter
wrote the Texas declaration of independence
George Childress
Which Texas governor, elected in 1994, was successful as the Republican Party's candidate for President in 2000?
George W. Bush
Which region of Texas is socially and politically conservative and a stronghold of the Texas Republican Party?
German Hill Country
Due to its growth by migration from other regions and nations, Houston street signs can be seen in all of the following languages except
German.
Public policy
Gov. Action designed to meet a public need or goal as determined by a legislative body or other authorized officials.
What governor staunchly opposed secession from the union Feb 23, 1861?
Gov. Sam Houston
What are the weaknesses of our constitution?
Government power is fragmented, county government takes power from states (I.E. licenses, taxes), part-time and poorly paid legislature, judicial branch is elected, LONG ballots, too much detail, too many amendments
What is a correct statement about the individualistic subculture overridden by traditionalistic culture?
Government prime objective is to further private enterprise.
Which of the following is a correct statement about the individualistic political subculture?
Government's prime objective is to further private enterprise.
TX Constitutional Article 4
Governor Plural Execuative
Under the constitution of 1869, who was regarded by his opponents as abusive and corrupt?
Governor Davis
Who ruled that voter registration was handled by the us military and the news outlet must have a license?
Governor Davis
Who is Edmund J. Davis?
Governor during reconstruction
Consitutution of 1845
Granted separate property right for married women established PUFF
Greater number of people living in close proximity equal?
Greater number of problems that require solutions
Who was the Texas grange?
Group that led the constitutional convention (agriculture group)
What is Texas always doing?
Growing
What are the growing problems in cities?
Growing expenses, long-term debt, big cities are experiencing "white flight", and the aging community is having more demands
Bill of rights
Guarantees rights not specifically mentioned in the U.S. Constitution (Prohibits gender discrimination)
Which region of Texas has experienced continuous growth because of Spindletop?
Gulf Coast
Which region of Texas has experienced continuous growth because of the spindletop?
Gulf coast
TX and immigration
Has a much bigger border, more anti-immigration (more restrictive). "Talks mean but acts nice."
Bicameral
Having a Legislative Assembly composed of two (2), Chambers or houses.
HHS
Health and human services
What is HCR?
Health care reform
Which court case prohibited segregation of Mexican-American children on separate campuses on the basis of race?
Herminca Hernandez et al. v. Driscoll Consolidated ISD
Which court case argued that Latinos, although white were "a class apart" and suffered discrimination on the basis of their "class"?
Hernandez v. State of Texas
New economic Direction
High technology, trade, service, biotechnology, energy
A social interest group would be least likely to get involved in which of the following issues?
Highway funding
Non educational special districts:
Housing, conservation, hospital, etc..
What city in Texas has no zoning powers?
Houston
vile medical research hub
Houston
Texas Cities
Houston Dallas San Antonio Odessa / Midland Amarillo Lubbock Austin
corrupt, extravagant, and tyrannical
How would most Texans describe the government during the period of Reconstruction?
led to the interstate commerce commitee
ICC interstate commerce clause
True
If a constitutional amendment proposed by the Texas legislature is vetoed by the governor, the legislature can override the veto by a two thirds vote.
The "necessary and proper" clause, found in Article I, Section 8 of the U.S Constitution, is an example of which of the following
Implied power
deference
Implies a yielding or submitting to another's judgment or preference out of respect or reverence. In TX we get this
Edgewood vs Kirby
In Edgewood Independent School District, a landmark case concerning public school finance, the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund filed suit against commissioner of education William Kirby on May 23, 1984, in Travis County on behalf of the Edgewood Independent School District, San Antonio, citing discrimination against students in poor school districts. The plaintiffs charged that the state's methods of funding public schools violated at least four principles of the state constitution, which obligated the state legislature to provide an efficient and free public school system.
Migration patterns
In his study of Texas culture, D.W. Meinig determined that modern regional political culture is largely determined by
service node
In packet networks, a switching point that comprises a point of end user access to the network and network services
coping
In politics, we use language that scrambles the message to attain a certain audience. This is called____
Which is a correct statement about the Tenth Amendment?
In spite of this amendment the U.S. Supreme Court in McCulloch v. Maryland permitted federal action through implied powers.
Smith v. Allwright
In which court case did the Supreme Court rule that primaries were a part of the election process and that racial discrimination in the election process is unconstitutional?
national responsibilites
Include: Republican form of government. Protection from invasion and domestic violence. State power maintain militia. Proper jurisdiction-extradition. State division up to state.
What tax under Woodrow Wilson's "New Freedoms" was the purpose to bring in money from all the sates to the central government, which is then redistributed back to the sates?
Income Tax With e the redistribution of funds, texas' upcoming budget, we will speculate texas will et 112 Billion from the federal government.
What country has more honor students than the United States?
India
Which power allows the governor to appoint supervisory boards but not operational directors for most state agencies?
Indirect appointive
Texas's comparatively low levels of funding to social programs illustrate which type of political subculture?
Individualistic
Political Culture
Individualistic Moralistic Traditionalistic Parochial Subject Participatory
What political culture(s) has/have dominated Texas?
Individualistic and traditionalistic
3 subcultures
Individualistic traditionalistic moralistic
3 characteristics that make up a state:
Individualistic, Moralistic, & Traditionalistic.
What are the three subcultures?
Individualistic, Traditionalistic, Moralistic
Which election method allows citizens to place proposals on the ballot for voter approval? If measure passes, it becomes a law.
Initiative
Which election method allows citizens to place proposals on the ballot for voter approval? If the measure passes, it becomes law.
Initiative
What is missing in the Texas Constitution
Initiatives, referendums, popular recall
IRS
Internal revenue service
Interstate-among
Intrastate-within
Politics
Is about who gets thr power, how to get the power and ehat they do with power.
Which of the following is NOT correct about the Texas Constitution of 1869?
It decentralized the Texas public school system.
Which of the following is not correct about the Texas Constitution of 1869?
It decentralized the Texas public school system.
How many council members are there in a council-mayor government?
It depends on the population
Out of state tuition is actually the real cost of in state tuition because?
It does not have the subsidized loan that in state tuition has.
Which of the following concerning the Texas Constitution of 1836 is not correct?
It established a federal system of government for the Republic.
Which of the following is not true of the Texas Constitution of 1845?
It granted the governor a term of four years.
Which is a true statement regarding agriculture in Texas?
It is characterized by a decreasing number of farms with large acreages.
Which is not a correct statement about the present-day Texas Constitution?
It is the longest state constitution.
Which of the following is NOT a guaranteed additional right granted by the current Texas Constitution?
It prohibits the garnishment of wages for any reason.
Which of the following is not a guaranteed additional right granted by the current Texas Constitution?
It prohibits the garnishment of wages for any reason.
What does the term robin hood mean?
It was a media nickname given to legislation enacted by the U.S. state of Texas in 1993 to provide court-mandated equitable school financing for all school districts in the state. - Also known as "share the wealth"
Which of the following is not true of the Reconstruction Act of 1867?
It was passed by the Radical Democrats in Congress.
Which is not a correct statement about the present-day Texas Constitution?
It's the fourth most frequently amended state constitution.
The Plessy versus Ferguson decision allowed continued discrimination against African-Americans, and it became pervasive throughout the south as
Jim Crow Laws
The Plessy v. Ferguson decision allowed continued discrimination against African Americans, and it became pervasive throughout the South, as
Jim Crow laws
Due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Justice Kennedy's opinion in Lawrence v. Texas stated that Texas had violated the
Which kind of group exists to promote policies that would increase wages, adequate health and unemployment insurance, and promote sage working conditions?
Labor groups
Edgewood Independent School vs. Kirby (1989)
Landmark case regarding public school funding, • property tax used to pay for public schools • some places richer than others, etc
transporation networks
Large areas require
Which family is mot likely to live in poverty in Texas?
Latino Texan
What was the legal position of the state of Texas in Hernandez v. Texas with regard to Latinos?
Latinos were white, so excluding them from all-Anglo (white) juries could not be legal discrimination.
statutory law.
Law passed by legislatures and written into books of code is called
Broad interpretation of interstate commerce becomes foundation for civil rights
Legislation passes in the Johnson Administration.
Article 3: legislative department
Legislative power in two houses: A Senate of 31 members & a House of Representatives of no more than 150 members. Stipulates term of office, qualifications, & salaries.
which statement is correct regarding term limitations of legislators in the Texas state constitution?
Legislators are limited to two consecutive terms
TX Constitutional Article 3
Legislature
Why did 8th constitution fail?
Legislature proposed, the people declined. No leadership.
Which of the following is not true of social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter?
Less than 10 percent of U.S. adults get news from Facebook
Negative Things about TX Const?
Longest & Poorest, over 400 amendments, creates 2400 units of gov.
Which U.S. Senator was instrumental in arranging for Private Felix Longoria's burial at Arlington National Cemetery?
Lyndon B. Johnson
Which president was angered and frustrated by continued news stories reporting that blacks were still being turned away from public accommodations in the state capital of Austin during his presidency?
Lyndon Johnson
Special
M.U.D. (Municipal Utility District) & I.S.D. (Independent School District) I.S.D. cannot adopt curriculum, Teachers must be paid at least Minimum Foundation, State Board of Education adopts curriculum.
Taxing Power
Mainly sales tax, have to pay for police services some how, we can control sales tax, State can't put tax unless it is voted on.
How is an amendment approved?
Majority vote
What are Politics
Making descisions applying to all members of each group
In 1956, Governor Allan Shivers declared which demonstration an "orderly protest" and sent the Texas Rangers to support the protestors?
Mansfield School Desegregation Incident
In the 1990's texas went from the 7th to 2nd in?
Manufacturing
What type of Federalism defined as various levels of government working together to solve policy problems, often with the federal government providing some portion of funding, which is spent by the states or localities?
Marble Cake Federalism - or Cooperative Federalism Examples are during the Depression and New Deal transformed the role of the national government Social security was created to help the older generation after the depression, because jobs were not there for all young and old. Young needed to go back to work to take care of the families.
Which Act granted married women equal rights in insurance, banking, real estate, contracts, divorce, child custody, and property rights?
Martial Property Act
grants where government agrees to do 50/50 with state and local on project
Matching
Home Rule Cities
Mayor Council Manager - Council City Commissioner
The Texas Legislature
Meets in odd-numbered years abd has special sessions called by the governer
maquiladora
Mexican factories where U.S. corporations employ inexpensive Mexican labor for assembly and piecework.
Texas fought and won its independence from which country?
Mexico
Texas fought and won its independence from which of the following countries?
Mexico
Texas shares a 900 mile border with who?
Mexico
Urbanization
Migration from rural regions to cities result cities results in urbanization.
Who could not hold office in the Constitution of the Republic of Texas in 1836?
Ministers could not hold office as president. Also - Congress was forbidden from freeing slaves, Homestead Protection, Banned importing slaves from Africa - No slave trade.
Leading Texas suffragists
Minnie Fisher Cunningham is most notable for
According to Daniel Elazar which of the following distinct political subcultures does not exist in Texas?
Modernistic
According to Daniel Elazar, which of the following distinct political subcultures does NOT exist in Texas?
Modernistic
federal grants-in-aid
Money appropriated by the U.S. Congress to help states and local governments provide needed facilities and services
grant-in-aid
Money, goods, or services given by one government to another (for example, federal grants-in-aid to states for financing public assistance programs).
What three political cultures did political scientist David Elazar identify?
Moralistic Individualistic Traditional
Which statement more accurately describes Texas's involvement with the military?
More Texans have historically volunteered for the military.
Which of the following is true of high-technology jobs?
More than one-third of high-technology jobs are in technical, managerial, and professional positions
Who obtained a settlement grant from the Mexican Government to settle 300 families?
Moses Austin obtained a settlement grant from the Mexican government to settle 300 families. Stephen F Austin took over the grant after his father died.
Texas is a blend of every kind of input of different territories.
Most litigious state, we like to sue.
Conservative
Most of Texas's public policies reflect which political ideology?
TX Constitutional Article 9
Municipalities
\/ tariffs between Mexico, Canada, and united states, causing 94m to leave work force
NAFTA- North American Free Trade Agreement
In what court case did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that the Fair Labor Standards Act violated the Tenth Amendment of the Constitution?
National League of Cities v. Usery
Deportation
National legal response to immigration
What two key types of federalism are there?
National-state and State-state
People
Native Americans <1% Asian Americans <4% African Americans <12% Hispanics =38% Non-Hispanic Whites =45%
What are populations growth sources
Natural increase migration and immigration
moralistic subculture
New England colonies. Government states serves the general interest or common good. Emphasizes sense of duty and responsibilty to use power and resources to provide benefits for all.
state with the most powerful governor
New Jersey
NWO
New World Order
How many judges are elected for the supreme court and criminal appeals?
Nine for supreme, and nine for criminal cases
Which court case validated the exclusion of African Americans from the Texas Democratic primary?
Nixon v. Herndon
Is Texas unique?
No, because of the Hispanic growth.
Dallas-Fort Worth
North Texas today is dominated by which two cities that are referred to as the Metroplex?
A general election is held in
November of odd-numbered years
criticisms of constitution
Numerous constitutional amendments (467). Amendment process is too easy.
False
Of the various phases of federalism, the one in which the state governments exercised the greatest degree of control and authority was the period of regulated federalism.
In which of the following ways can the federal government influence state policymaking?
Offer federal grants-in-aid
Labor unions in tx
Oil refinery areas around Beaumont , Port Arthur.
The early economy of Texas (what was it based on)
Oil, cattle, cotton and timber
Medicare
Old people
d. it intentionally restricted the power of state government and of all of the institutions of state government.
One of the main features of the Constitution of 1876 is that a. it is well known as one of the best written state constitutions b. it concentrates state power in Austin under a strong governor and a strong state legislature c. it gave women the right to vote d. it intentionally restricted the power of state government and of all of the institutions of state government.
b. massive defiance by the southern states of federal court orders in the area of civil rights
One of the major reasons for the assertion of greater powers by the federal government during the period known as regulated federalism was a. the voluntary relinquishment of powers by state governments b. massive defiance by the southern states of federal court orders in the area of civil rights c. the ratification of the 27th amendment d. all of the above e. None of the above
The ecological endangerment of the Rio Grande
One result of the proliferation of maquiladoras has been
The Texas Legislature meets when?
Only odd numbered years
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
Organization committed to civil rights and has been a viable instrument for African Texans to achieve justice.
What was the primary focus for much of the Latino civil activism in the 1960s and 1970s?
Organizing into labor unions
Why is Texas unique?
Other states do not have the population boom like we have.
How many school districts are there?
Over 1000
Percentage of Texans living metro areas
Over 80%
Away from the federal government.
Over the past decade or so, Texas's political figures have been pushing for a shift in
Read about Revision attempts
Page 64 of Textbook
symbolic gesture
Parchment (like a diploma) that is a very successful political tool because its so cheap.
Which is a true statement about political participation due to Texas's political subculture?
Participation in politics is not as highly regarded as in those states with a moralistic culture.
What is a true statement about political participation due to Texas's political subculture?
Participation in politics is not as highly regarded as in those states with moralistic culture.
The constitution stipulates that state judges are to be selected by which method?
Partisan election by the voters
The constitution stipulates that state judges are to be selected by which method?
Partisan elections by the voters
2 things that make up Texas:
People & Geography.
PSF
Permanent School Fund was created with a $2,000,000 appropriation by the Texas Legislature in 1854 expressly for the benefit of the public schools of Texas. The Constitution of 1876 stipulated that certain lands and all proceeds from the sale of these lands should also constitute to this
In 1876 when the Texas Constitution was established the PUF was adopted. What does PUF stand for?
Permanent University Fund
money
Permanent University Fund. Idea is to move AUF (availale university fund) to NRUF (national research university fund) for tuition. Money for universities like Tech. To compromise, it was agreed that Tech must first become a national research university. Tuition is increasing. State funding is not increasing fast enough. TX argues that students should just get another loans (that's why state funding for it has dropped from 85-16%)
What is PSF?
Permanent school fund
form of executive branch we have in Texas
Plural Executive
Texas Executive
Plural executive. Other offices are: independently elected, statewide office holders, fragmentation mirrored in the counties.
Texas only has what type of group in the absence of a majority?
Pluralities (describes 2010, and closet percentage to 50 ex: 47.5)
Which court case grants the accused the right to confront the witnesses against the accused?
Pointer v. Texas
Pool of Power from Texas Constitution
Police Power Taxing Power Proprietary Power Eminent Domain
Broadly shared values, beliefs and attitudes about how government and society should function:
Political Culture
The dominant political values and beliefs in a nation or state
Political Culture
________ is defined as the dominant political values and beliefs in a nation or state.
Political Culture
Coercive Federalism
Political blackmail. The fed will send money if you abide by their rules
Which of the following terms describes the dominant political values and beliefs in a nation or state?
Political culture
individualistic subculture
Politics and government are a market. Purposes/functions of a government are not defined in terms of common good. Government provides stability in which individuals and groups can pursue interests. Source: Mid-Atlantic States- earliest TX population. The first settlement of TX came from the _______ states.
Medicaid
Poor people
Sovereignty
Possessing Supreme Political Authority within a Geographic Area
Constitution of 1869
Power given to state government appointed of the judiciary
Constitution of 1869
Power was centralized in the state government (ex: public education). Powers granted to the governer included: appointment of other state officals and appoinment of the judiciary. Governer Davis was regarded by his opponents as abusive and corrupt. Election of 1872 and Davis.
Expressed powers.
Powers explicitly listed in Article 1, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution are called
implied powers
Powers inferred by the constitutional authority of the U.S. Congress "to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing [delegated] powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof."
Delegated powers.
Powers of the national government stated in the U.S. Constitution are called
Reserved Powers
Powers that belong to state; comes from 10th amendment
Delegated powers
Powers that the constitution gives the national government. There are three types: 1) expressed 2) implied 3) inherent
What is the role of the commissioner's court?
Preside over the county government, To set the tax rate, maintain buildings and health programs
New Deal
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's 1930s programs to stimulate the national economy and provide relief to victims of the Great Depression
What was the new deal?
President Franklin Roosevelt'y 1930's programs to stimulate the national economy and provide relief to victims of the Great Depression
The people (demographic features)
Primarily Anglo (caucasian), Hispanic (latino), African American, Asian, and Native American
Politics
Process of policymaking that involves conflict and cooperation between political parties, or influence these officials when they make public policy
grant where government wants something done or researched
Project
Constitution of 1845
Protected private homesteads from foreclosure. Guaranteed property rights for married women. Established a permanent fund for the support of public schools.
Cities
Provide Services & Pass Policies. 2 kinds: General Law<5000 pop. & Home Rule>5000 pop. Incorporate: Texas has the authority. Charter: legal document; for Home Rule not General Law; boundaries, kind of government, policy; goes to the people to vote then goes to the general attorney of Texas. School cities boundaries have nothing to do with city boundaries. Council-manager: can be for both General Law & Home Rule; elect a mayor; single-member & at large; becomes bad when micromanaged. Council-mayor: strong mayor & weak mayor, strong mayor is full-time & weak mayor is part-time. Commission form of government. Ad valorem taxes: value added. Infrastructure is getting old. Cant use parties in city government.
In HHS what does the payer do?
Provides medicare to the old people, medicaid to the disabled and poor, CHIP (Children's health insurance program)
Texas Grangers were opposed of the idea of
Public Education
Article 7, section 1 provides for...
Public School Funding
Constitution of 1869 which gave the governor centralized power, 4 year term, which was previously 2 years.
Radical Reconstruction Constitution of 1869 All former confederates/rebels banned from office and voting Black men extended right to vote and full political equality Compulsory attendance and state supervision of education, where previously it was just the local towns. Governor had centralized power, 4 year term under this constitution
The _____ culture found in __________ was based on livestock production that was similar to the feudal institutions in Spain
Ranchero; South Texas
Which of the following is true about the Texas Constitution's amendment process?
Ratification by the majority of the voters
Which of the following is true about the Texas Constitution's amendment process?
Ratification by the majority of voters
Which cases tested the practice of forcing vagrants or debtors to repay farmers by requiring them to work off debts and fines as labor on private farms?
Raymondville Peonage cases
Constitution of 1876
Reaction to Radical Reconstruction polices. Reestablished traditional political relationships. Aimed to prevent a repitition of the abuses in the Davis administration. This is our present constitution in Texas
Constitution of 1876
Reaction to radical reconstruction policies present constitution basically cutting out everything Davis did "because he was bad" speration of powers 3 branches
What US President believed in trickle down theory?
Reagan
Reagan believed in trickle down theory and cut federal aid to states by ___%? A. 15% B. 12% C. 25% D. 35%
Reagan believed in trickle down theory and cut federal aid to states by ___%? B. 12%
What are six ways that are used to purposefully ensure residential segregation?
Redlining, urban renewal, exclusionary zoning, racial covenants
The Constitutional Convention of 1974 was divided over which issue?
Reducing the term of the governor to two years
Which of the following is not a power granted to the Texas governor?
Reduction veto
Which method of election permits voters to determine if an ordinance or statute will go into effect?
Referendum
Railroad commission of Texas
Regulate oil and gas
Popular Recalls
Remove official before term end, initiated citizen petition
Davis Admisistration Policies
Republicans also tackled another important social issue: education Davis wanted African Americans to be treated equally by the law. The legislature created free public education for all the state's children. It was funded by public land sales and state and local taxes. Schools had a common curriculum and teacher certification standards.The legislature also tried to help Texas recover economically after the war. Money was set aside for roads and bridges. Bonds were issued to pay for railroad lines. Taxes were raised to pay for education, roads and a larger central government.
Who was Stephen F. Austin?
Responsible for Texas Revolution essentially
What is "ciesta"?
Resting time for Santa Anna's army, usually sexy time.
What was the slogan of the Texas Grange going into the 1875 Constitutional Convention?
Retrenchment and Reform
What is the legacy of Texas 1876 constitution?
Retrenchment and reform. Limited government.
Who decides to take on Davis in 1872?
Richard Coke
In 1872, who won the corrupt election?
Richard coke
Proprietary Power
Right to own a business. TX owns utility companies in ATX
The basin and range province
Rio grande
TX Constitutional Article 2
Role of Government
Who became talk radio's most syndicated host in the 1990s?
Rush Limbaugh
What region of TX are we in and what is our primary source of income?
SETX, oil and chemical industry
What is federalism?
SHARED POWER.
What method raises the standards of schools?
STAAR testing
Texas Rivers
Sabine Red San Jacinto Rio Grande Trinity
Where does Texas get its money from?
Sales Taxes
In the constitution of 1861, who was in the oath of office that went against public opinion and ran out of office instead of taking oath?
Sam Houston
Which individual was elected the first president of the Republic of Texas under the Texas Constitution of 1836?
Sam Houston
Who was the first elected president of Texas?
Sam Houston was the first elected president of Texas
Who lead the battle of San Jacinto in retaliation for the 400 POW's which were executed by order of Santa Anna in the streets of Goliad as traitors?
Sam Houston, lead the battle of San Jacinto and captured Santa Anna.
founding father of Texas
Sam houston
Which city advertises itself as the "Sheep and Wool Capital of the World"?
San Angelo
In the Texas general election of 2002, which trio was dubbed "the dream team" because of their expected appeal to Latino, African American, and Anglo voters?
Sanchez, Kirk, and Sharp
Which individual successfully overturned Roe v. Wade in 1973?
Sarah Weddington
Which individual successfully overturned Roe v. Wade in 1973?
Sarah Weddinton
Who cannot vote according to the constitution?
Says 21 is voting age, can't vote if you're not a citizen, and if you're a convicted felon or mentally impaired.
Special Governments
School Districts Community College Districts Hospital Districts HOA PUD / MUD
Segregation overburdened interstate commerce, so the ______ act of 1964 was passed.
Segregation overburdened interstate commerce, so the CIVIL RIGHTS ACT of 1964 was passed.
What senator said" no politician is worth my $1.75" in regards to the New Deal policies?
Senator W Lee (Pappy) O'Daniel he had a radio show and was in a band - bob wills and the light and crusty doughboys.
Which of the following is not true of the Texas Legislature?
Senators serve six-year terms and Representatives serve four-year terms.
In HHS what does a provider do
Services for blind/deaf, research hospitals, inspect restaurants, septic systems
Which of the following is not a responsibility of the Texas Ethics Commission?
Setting legal limits on campaign contributions
Texas is one of only 3 states that has not taught what kind of curriculum?
Sex ed
in 1952, what group supported National Security and Segregation, creates split ticket voting, which eventually became full blown Republicans in Texas.
Shivercrats named after governor Allen Shivers
Garcia v. San Antonio
Showed how much federal government is interfering with states rights.
Which form of election favors minority representation in city?
Single member district
The white primary, which was the practice of excluding African Americans from Democratic Party primary elections in Texas, was found unconstitutional as a result of which court case?
Smith v. Allwright
Which of the following have become effective campaign tools because they allow users to engage in social networking and create online communities?
Social media
Compromise of 1850
Sold land in Texas for dept
Traditionalistic political subculture is found primarily in which states?
South and Border States
The Border
South and Southwest Texas border Mexico. With a large Latino population, the Democratic Party has substantial electoral success here.
Which of the following has limited purposes in terms of local government?
Special Districts
*** Answer is not all of the above!!! Which of the following has limited purposes in terms of local government?
Special districts
delegated powers
Specific powers entrusted to the national government by Article 1, Section 8, of the U.S. Constitution (e.g. regulate interstate commerce, borrow money, and declare war)
Public education funding money comes from?
State and local
Prior to the 1970s, the Fair Labor Standards Act did not include what entities from establishing a minimum wage, maximum hour, and overtime pay provisions?
State and local governments
What is SBOE?
State board of education
Eminent Domain
State of TX can take your personal property for public use with just compensation. Very controversial.
Which is not a condition of categorical grant programs?
States can spend federal money in any way that promotes racial segregation.
laboratories.
States serve as public policy
Article 4: Executive department
States that the Executive shall consist of six (6), Distinct offices: 1. The Governor, who serves as chief executive. 2. The Lieutenant Governor, who serves as the president of the Senate. 3. The Secretary of State, whos keeps the official seals of the State. 4. The Comptroller of Public Accounts. 5. The Commissioner of the General Land Office 6. The Attorney General, who acts as the State's Chief Legal Officer.
What do most of the big cities in Texas use?
Strong council-mayor government.
What will effective government do?
Structure conflict- people fight each other with paper Develop an orderly process for competition- consistent process, pays to pay attention Decide who pays and who benefits- winners and losers
TX Constitutional Article 6
Suffrage
TX Constitutional Article 5
Supreme Court
Which court case involved the University of Texas at Austin encouraging African-American students to go out of state to attend law school?
Sweatt v. Painter
T or F Businesses have a huge contribution on how politics are formed in Texas.
TRUE
T or F 6 million Acres or 900 Square Miles in 120 Counties produce cotton in Texas.
TRUE 6 million Acres or 900 Square Miles in 120 Counties produce cotton in Texas.
T or F Compacts are agreements between states to deal with issues that cross state lines.
TRUE Compacts are agreements. For example environment concerns and transportation - Wright Amendment.
T or F Texas executive body is decentralized because we do not want one person to have control.
TRUE Texas executive body is decentralized because we do not want one person to have control.
T or F Texas is an individualistic state.
TRUE Texas is an individualistic state - basically look out for yourself
T or F The Texas state constitution of 1845 was written to join the union as the 28th state.
TRUE The Texas state constitution of 1845 was written to join the union as the 28th state. The Executive Branch Governor and Lt. Governor had a 2 year term, limited to 4 years in a 6 year period.
T or F The United States constitution divides power between the federal and state goverments?
TRUE The US Constitution does not give federal government power over everything.
T or F Today Cotton is still a huge agriculture for Texas.
TRUE Today Cotton is still a huge agriculture for Texas.
1950
TX became urban in_______
Robin Hood
TX came up w this an set up a system where they figured out how much (on avg.) is being spent. 10% above and below, classify people as welthy and poor, then take the wealthy money and give it to the poor.
incarcirates
TX either educates or______
post-Reconstruction
TX has a _______ ________ government
underemployment
TX has an ________ problem
tollroads
TX has built so many roads that there's no money for them. Because of this we have____
retirees
TX has more _______ than Florida because of no income taxes and cheap labor
emphasis
TX has shifted to the A&M mode where university is meant to teach students specific jobs rather than learning about the classics and being more well rounded.
economic, social, and geographic
TX has the ______,_____, and _____ diversity of California
urban
TX is highly ______
NY state
TX is more urban than _______
individualistic and traditionalistic
TX is primarily____
old and anglo
TX is________
highest and second highest
TX rotates between the ______ ___ _______ rates in teen pregnancy
12%
TX's dropout rate is_____
While the Justice Roberts did not agree that the federal government had a right to impose an individual mandate, the mandate remained intact because the penalty was seen as a part of the federal government's rights to
Tax
How to cities receive revenue?
Taxes (sales, property, etc...), fees and bonds.
which Texas senator is most strongly associated with the Tea Party?
Ted Cruz
What is TANF?
Temporary assistance for needy families
The Office of the Governor believes so firmly in protecting states' rights that he made the ________ Amendment to the Constitution a central element of his bid for the Republican nomination for the presidency.
Tenth
Which of the following is not a proposal to reform the process of selecting judges in Texas?
Term limits
Which statement is correct regarding term limitations of legislators in the Texas state constitution?
Term limits do not exist in the Constitution
Which statement is correct regarding term limitations of legislators in the Texas state constitution?
Term limits do not exist in the constitution.
False
Texans may propose constitutional amendments by voter initiative, which requires the collection of a prescribed number of signatures on a petition within a set time.
Constitutional Convention of 1875 (current)
Texans where determined to strip powers away from state government. • cut salaries of governing officials • placed limits on property tax • restricted state borrowing • strengthened local government • OUTDATED, not looking forward in time
3 out 10 largest cities are found where?
Texas
What state population is always higher than the US population?
Texas
In 1931 what other Texas university wanted to benefit from PUF?
Texas A
The two sources for the powers of the Texas government to govern are the
Texas Constitution and Texas's membership in the federal Union
Which state agency is permitted to recommend salary increases for legislators?
Texas Ethics Commission
traditionalists
Texas acts like______-
b. joining the confederacy
Texas adopted its third constitution in 1845 in response to a. gaining independence from Mexico b. joining the confederacy c. joining the union. d. rejoining the union
The history of the Texas political party system has tended toward
Texas being a one-party state
The view that inequity is inevitable and that personal responsibility is the determinate of an individual's quality of life is an example of:
Texas conservatism
Texas and federal government
Texas consistently resisted federal power more than other states and is frequently challenged in court (gun debate is probably next)
What is TEKS?
Texas essential knowledge and skills
economy
Texas has experienced changed in the State's ___. Decrease the important of oil and gas. Increase diversification, service sector growth, and high-tech industry.
What is the diverse population in Texas?
Texas has no majority diverse population
What type of political culture is Texas?
Texas is a mix of traditional and individualistic cultures, but it varies largely on the domain for economic interests
What can be said regarding cultural diversity in Texas?
Texas is becoming more culturally diverse as immigrants from other nations and migrants from other states move into Texas.
county
Texas is divided into 254 counties that serve as an administrative arm of the state and that provide important services at the local level, especially in rural areas.
Which is not a correct statement about Texas's population growth?
Texas is still predominately rural and agrarian.
Power: United States, States, People.
Texas is very conservative.
The Constitution of 1861
Texas joins the confederacy
The Constitution of 1866
Texas rejoins the union
Texas Constitution of 1861
Texas secedes from Union
Which is a correct statement about Texas special sessions
Texas special sessions are more restrictive than any other state
Which is a correct statement about Texas special sessions?
Texas special sessions are more restrictive than any other state
Which is a correct statement about Texas special sessions?
Texas special sessions are more restrictive than any other state.
Texas supplies 1/3 of oil to the U.S.
Texas supplies 1/3 of food to the U.S.
individualists
Texas talks like______
Which is a correct statement about Texas?
Texas won independence in 1836 and gained statehood in 1845.
general sales tax
Texas' largest source of tax revenue, applied at the rate of 6.25% to the sale price of tangible personal property and "the storage, use, or other consumption of tangible personal property purchased, leased, or ranted."
Expanded
The 1819 McCulloch v. Maryland case __________ the powers of the federal government.
3 long lasting patterns in Tx politics
The 1st party state, Provincialism, Business Dominance
What was considered to be the best and strongest constitution?
The 6th.
What is today's constitution?
The 7th, the WORST.
The capitalist economic system as "creative destruction"
The Capitalism was an economic system that underwent periodic waves of transformation fueled by technological innovations in production & distribution
CHIP
The Children's Health Insurance Program provides health coverage to eligible children, through both Medicaid and separate _______programs. _______ is administered by states, according to federal requirements. The program is funded jointly by states and the federal government.
Confederacy
The Confederate states of America, those Southern States that seceded from the U.S. in late 1860's & 1861 & argued that the power of the states was more important than the power of the Central Government.
True
The Constitution of 1836 replaced the Catholic religion as the official state religion of Texas with the Baptist church
True
The Constitution of 1861 written when Texas joined the Confederacy was the first Texas constitution to officially recognize and protect the institution of slavery
Woodrow Wilson's Central bank to establish monetary policy?
The Federal Reserve System: was the central bank to establish monetary policy.
Checks and Balances
The Judicial, Legislative, and Executive branches check on each other for balances
Which of the following is not a provision of the federal Patient Protection and Affordability Care Act (Health Care Reform)?
The Medicaid program will be reduced due to a reduced need.
What was the first formal government in Texas?
The Missions groups
Which is another name for the merit selection of judges?
The Missouri Plan
Which of the following is not correct about modern South Texas?
The Rio Grande is now one of America's least ecologically endangered rivers
Which of the following is not correct about modern South Texas?
The Rio Grande is now one of America's least ecologically endangered rivers.
SBOE
The State Board of Education sets policies and standards for Texas public schools. The primary responsibilities include: Setting curriculum standards; Reviewing and adopting instructional materials; Establishing graduation requirements; Overseeing the Texas Permanent School Fund. Part of TEA
135
The TX constitution is ___ years old
TANF
The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program is designed to help needy families achieve self-sufficiency. States receive block grants to design and operate programs that accomplish one of the purposes of this program.
True
The Texas Bill of Rights includes a specific guarantee of equal rights based on gender.
the anti-corporate sentiment of the Old South
The Texas Constitution of 1845 reflected which of the following?
providing a largely corrupt and abusive government
The Texas Constitution of 1869 was regarded by most Texans and traditional historians as
False
The Texas Constitution of 1876 was intended to expand the powers of the governor's office.
TEA
The Texas Eduaction Agency
the method of financing the state's public schools violated the Texas Constitution
The Texas Supreme Court found in the case of Edgewood Independent School District v. Kirby that
enacting poll tax laws as a condition for voting in a national election
The Twenty-Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution forbids states from which of the following?
90,000 words
The Tx Consitution has______
Fourteenth
The U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted the ________ Amendment to extend many national constitutional guarantees to the states.
The constitution of 1836 modeled what other constitution?
The US constitution
In their struggle for power, which institution has acted as an umpire between the national and state governments?
The United States Supreme Court
plural executive
The _____ _______ in Texas limits the power of the Governor by distributing power usually associated with a chief executive among many elected political leaders. The only executive official appointed by the Governor is the Secretary of State
What is known as the "hidden tax" on the American people?
The added cost to American families and employers of covering those who are uninsured.
Which is a true statement about the powers of the national government?
The amount of power the national government has depends on the interpretation of the "necessary and proper clause."
Moralistic political culture
The belief that gov. should be active in promoting the public good and that citizen should participate in politics and civic activities to ensure that good. *Highest level.
Traditionalistic political culture
The belief that gov. should be dominated by political elites and guided by tradition. No value, it is dimished, in eyes of gov. * No reference of public good or politics. Traditions of the deep South.
Individualistic political culture
The belief that gov. should limit it's role to providing order in society, so that citizens can pursue their economic self interests * No public good. Only preserve (value of human is taking down a couple of glitches. Now gov. role is Monetary gain.
What is Political Science?
The branch of knowledge that deals with systems of government; the analysis of political activities
The Gulf Coast
The coast of the Gulf Mexico stretches from the Louisiana border to the Rio Grande. Houston, the state's largest and most diverse city, the area also has the highest concentrations of unions in Texas. As a results, Democrats have some electoral wins in the urban areas. Rural parts of the Gulf Coast remain reliably Republican, however.
Political economy
The compels interrelations between politics & the economy, as well as their effect on one another.
What usually happens in a council-manager government that is bad?
The council micromanages (disregards the city manager)
What was one critical challenge to writing the Articles of Confederation in 1787?
The creation of a representative government for a large nation with a diverse population
Moralistic
The culture influences people to view political participation as their duty and to expect that government will used to advance the public good.
c. 31; 150
The current Texas constitution provides for a legislature consisting of a senate with ______ members and a house of representatives with ______ members. a. 100; 435 b. 100; 200 c. 31; 150 d. 150; 31
Separation of powers
The division of governmental power among several institutions that must cooperate in decision making
Political Culture
The dominant political values and beliefs of a people is referred to as
What caused the change in perception of the Republican Party in the 1980s from an "elitist, country-club party to a more populist one"?
The election of Ronald Reagan
What caused the change in perception of the Republican Party in the1980s from an "elitist, country-club party to a more populist one"?
The election of Ronald Reagan
military staffing and spending.
The federal government indirectly benefits Texas because it contributes large amounts of money to the state to be used for
Who was Sam Houston?
The first president of Texas and also was the general who defeated Santa Anna
traditionalistic subculture
The government serves the elites. Orginated in the south. Has limited interest in expanding participation in government.
The Texas Legislature has special sessions called by who?
The governor
Bicameral legislature, Number of representatives based on population, equal number of votes in the senate, national power is supreme, Three-fifths compromise
The great compromise composed of what of the following government changes?
Carry out the expressed powers of the national government.
The implied powers of the national government are designed to do whatever is necessary to
long ballot.
The kind of ballot that results from the independent election of a large number of executive and judicial officers is a
What does it mean to be unincorporated?
The land is not a part of the city
Central America
The largest group of immigrants that are hitting the TX border are from____
Suffrage
The legal right to vote is termed
Constitution
The legal structure of a Gov. which established it's power & Authority as well as the limits on that power.
Adding an amendment
The legislative proposes & the people approve.
Texas Constitution of 1876
The lengthy, much amended state constitution, a product of the post-Reconstruction era that remains in effect today
b. return as much direct control of government to the people as possible
The main objective for the writers of the constitution of 1876 was to: a. satisfy the Republican controlled United States Congress b. return as much direct control of government to the people as possible c. to reconcile the disparities between rich and poor county governments d. to reaffirm the principles of the Reconstruction Constitution
How is the Tx population changing ?
The number of Texas Hispanics will increase rapidly.
Tenth amendment
The power not delegated to the U.S. by the Constitution, no prohibited by it to the state, are reversed to the States Respectively or to the people.
Reserved amendment
The powers not delegated to the United States by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states or to the people
white primary
The practice of excluding African Americans from primary elections in the Texas Democratic Party.
Urbanization
The process by which people move from rural area to cities
b. Limit the power of the federal government by establishing reserved powers for states and individuals
The purpose of the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was to a. Guarantee equal protection of the law to all citizens b. Limit the power of the federal government by establishing reserved powers for states and individuals c. Limit the access of state court citizens to the federal courts d. Limit the spread of slavery to other than the original thirteen states
According to the Texas Constitution, which of the following is not true concerning the executive branch of government?
The requirements to be governor are stricter in Texas than other states.
What issued delayed Texas annexation to the United States in 1836?
The slavery controversy in the United States
What issue delayed Texas annexation to the United States in 1836?
The slavery controversy in the United States.
Which is not an example of life in South Texas for Mexican-Americans after World War II?
The start of public school integration
Which is not an example of life in South Texas for Mexican-Americans after World War II?
The start of public school segregation
By 2015, Texans had elected Latino candidates to which offices?
The state Supreme Court, U.S. Senate, U.S. House, and Texas legislature
Counties
The state government decentralizes power by assigning many functions to units of local government, especially
How did Edgewood ISD vs. Kirby end?
The state legislature crafted a compromise and put constitutional concerns over the financing of public schools brought on by Robin Hood to rest
A Unitary system.
The system of government that is in place in an overwhelming majority of the world's countries is
Dual Federalism
The understanding that the national government and state governments are both sovereign within their sphere of influence is called
Texas constitution reflects what other constitution?
The united states
False
The voter turnout for constitutional amendment elections in Texas has generally averaged approximately 35% of registered voters.
Why is Texas dependent on illegal immigrants?
The workforce
Which of the following is true about women in Texas politics?
There are a variety of women's interest groups in Texas promoting equal rights, greater political participation, and other issues important to women.
Which is not a correct statement about Texas, according to D.W. Meinig?
There is such a thing as a "typical" Texan
Which is not a correct statement about Texas, according to D.W. Meinig?
There is such a thing as a "typical" Texan.
Which of the following is not a common reason that citizens join interest groups?
They are not accepted as members of official political parties
Which statement most accurately reflects state constitutions?
They are poorly written and, as a result are interpreted to be overly restrictive
Which statement most accurately reflects state constitutions?
They are poorly written and, as a result are interpreted to be overly restrictive.
Which is not a correct statement about social conservatives in Texas?
They do not support the use of state power to restrict gambling.
Individualistic
This culture looks government to maintain a stable society but with minimum intervention in lives of the people
North Texas
This region is home to the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex dividing East and West Texas. Democrats sometimes find electoral success in the urban centers of the metroplex, but the suburban and rural parts of the region are conservative Republican strongholds.
Which of the following is NOT considered a belief of the traditionalistic political subculture?
This subculture believes in public rather than personal solutions to problems.
Which of the following is not considered a belief of the traditionalistic political subculture?
This subculture believes in public rather than personal solutions to problems.
attorney general/ high powered austin attorney
Thomas Gregory
Implied Powers
Those we assume exist for federal government to do its jobs
Texas is a combination of individualistic & traditionalistic due to recent immigrations.
Too conservative, far right but not too far right.
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)
Trade treaty among the United States, Canada, and Mexico to lower and eliminate tariffs among the three countries
Texas's weak governor, part-time legislature, and power divided among many elected officials are indicative of which types of political subculture?
Traditionalistic and Individualistic
What subcultures is Texas dominated by?
Traditionalistic and Individualistic subcultures
According to Daniel Elazar, what is the subculture of Texas?
Traditionalistic and individualistic
treaty that entered WW1
Treaty of Versailles
If a constitutional amendment proposed by the Texas legislature is vetoed by the governor, the legislature can override the veto by a two thirds vote.
True
The Constitution of 1836 replaced the Catholic religion as the official state religion of Texas with the Baptist church
True
The Constitution of 1861 written when Texas joined the Confederacy was the first Texas constitution to officially recognize and protect the institution of slavery.
True
The Texas Bill of Rights includes a specific guarantee of equal rights based on gender.
True
sales
Tx doesn't have income tax but ______ ______. Which everyone pays, illegal immigrants are paying into a system that they can't recieve benefits from.
7th Constitution
Tx now functions under its_______
The Reagan era in Texas
Tx voted for the Presidential Democratic Nominees
Who presides over the 2nd largest budget in the US?
TxDOT
Which federal agency works alongside the Texas Department of Agriculture to ensure that what people consume is safe and nutritious?
U.S. Department of Agriculture
What University was the Permit University Fund originally adopted for?
UT - University of Texas
c. both of the above
Under the Reconstruction Constitution of 1869 a. judges were appointed by the governor b. the governor controlled voter registration c. both of the above d. none of the above
Impeachment
Under the Texas Constitution, the formal charge by the House of Representatives that leads to trial in the Senate and possible removal of a state official.
c. enter into treaties with foreign countries
Under the United States Constitution, which of the following powers do state governments not have? a. develop and enforce criminal codes b. establish rules regarding private property rights and contracts c. enter into treaties with foreign countries d. regulate commerce within the state
d. all judges are elected in partisan elections.
Under the current Texas Constitution as amended a. the governor has the power to appoint judges of all courts below the Supreme Court of Texas b. a "Missouri Plan" retention election is held for judges after they have served four years c. a unified Supreme Court hears all cases, civil and criminal d. all judges are elected in partisan elections.
Municipal annexation:
Under the law, cities have extraterritorial jurisdiction (ETJ), or limited authority outside their city boundaries. Within the ETJ, a home-rule city can regulate some aspects of development and annex (make an area a part of the city) contiguous unincorporated areas without a vote by those who live there.
Voting Rights Act which prevented unfair state voting laws was adopted in what year?
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Ended the depression
WWII
Central Texas
Waco, Austin, and San Antonio are all in Central Texas. The region is dominated by universities and colleges, the high-tech sector, the state government, tourism, and major military bases. The Democratic Party does well in Austin, and also in San Antonio, though surrounding areas tend toward Republican conservatism.
Constitution the Republic 1836
Was adopted soon after the fall of the alamo in San Antonio. Short document. Modeled after the U.S. Constitution. Bicameral legislature. Elected president.
What the forms of city government?
Weak and strong mayor government, council manager, commission
What kind of gov do most general law cities use?
Weak council-mayors
What reform under Clinton tied grants to federal rules?
Welfare reform (1996) You have welfare benefits for 2 years (federal government) then after 2 years the states take over - lifetime of 5 years.
Counties
What are the basic administrative units of local government?
Enumerated powers
What are the powers of the government specifically granted to congress in Article 1, section 8 of the constitution?
Implied powers
What are the powers of the national government derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause?
Free-for-all federalism
What did the civil war end as a philosophy of government balance between states and federal government?
Political Culture
What is the broadly shared values, beliefs, and attitudes about how government should function and politics should operate?
Mercantilism
What is the economic theory designed to increase a nation's wealth through development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade?
Monarchy
What is the form of government in which power is vested in heredity kings and queens who govern in the interest of all
Oligarchy
What is the form of government in which the right to participate depends on the possession of wealth, social status, military position or achievement?
Government
What is the formal vehicle through which policies are made and affairs of state are conducted?
Special districts
What is the most numerous of all the local governments?
Dillon's rule
What is the premise articulated by a judge in 1868 which states that local governments do not have any inherent sovereignty and instead must be authorized by state and local governments that create or abolish them?
Judicial Review
What means extended the supremacy clause to unexpected levels that america needed to compete?
It ruled that federal discrimination against same-sex couples violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
What was the Supreme Court's ruling in United States v. Windsor?
It ruled as unconstitutional that abortion clinics must comply with the same standards as ambulatory surgical centers.
What was the Supreme Court's ruling in the 2016 case of Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt?
McCulloch V. Maryland (1819)
What was the court case that stopped the states from taxing a federal owned bank based on the necessary and proper clause?
New Deal
What was the federal program called that perpetuated "relief, recovery, reform" by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933 to bring the United States out of the depression?
Block grants
What was the largest grants given to the state by the federal government with only general spending guidelines?
Latinos were white, so excluding them from all-Anglo (white) juries could not be legal discrimination
What was the legal position of the state of Texas in Hernandez v. Texas with regard to Latinos?
Wickard V. Filburn (1942)
What was the name of the case that expanded the necessary and proper clause to dangerous levels in the name of the new deal? A farmer who fined for overproducing grains by the federal government.
Gibbons V. Ogden (1824)
What was the name of the case that upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce in the Hudson river waterways? States cannot tax federally licensed ships.
U.S. V. Lopez (1995)
What was the name of the case where the Rehnquist court denied federal authority to have commerce clause regulate guns within 1,000 feet from a school?
Articles of confederation
What was the name of the compact between the thirteen original colonies that created a loose league of friendship, with the national government drawing its powers from the states?
Organizing into labor unions
What was the primary focus for much of the Latino civil activism in the 1960s and 1970s?
Shay's Rebellion
What was the rebellion in which an army of 1500 disgruntled and angry farmers marched on Springfield, MA and forcibly restrained the State court from foreclosing mortgages on their farms?
Constitution of 1861
When TX seceded from the Union in 1861, another constitution was adopted. Greater population was given to the Institution of Slavery and prohibiting the freeing of slaves. Expressed Texas' support for a Confederate political system (oaths of office-Sam Houston). The vote for sussession was 90% for it.
A Unitary system.
When a constitution vests the power to govern the entire nation in a single central government, that system of government would be
supremacy clause
When conflict arises between federal and state laws, the _____ states that the U.S. Constitution, as well as laws and treaties created in accordance with the U.S. Constitution, supersede state and local laws.
Casino gambling is regulated by the state, and is prohibited in Texas but allowed in the bordering states.
When examining casino gambling policy in the bordering states of Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas, which of the following statements is accurate
What is Dual Government?
When states started constitutions, and they were powerful up until FDR Layer cake
Coercive
When the national government directs the states on policies they must undertake, _______ federalism is taking place.
Latinos
When the next U.S. Census is conducted in 2020, which group is expected to be the largest ethnic/racial group in the state of Texas?
What is Cooperative Government?
Where political blackmail began. It took power from states. States had to follow rules to receive government funds Marble cake
Far West Texas
Which Texas region is known as the "Trans-Pecos" region because it exhibits elements of two cultures?
Checks and Balances
Which concept of the Texas Constitution states that each branch of government is assigned power to limit abuses by the others?
b. The Grange
Which of the following groups was the dominant force in the constitutional convention in 1875? a. LULAC b. The Grange c. the Ku Klux Klan d. the League of Women Voters b. The Grange
c. both of the above
Which of the following has been a hindrance to major constitutional reform in Texas? a. Opposition from powerful lobby groups and special interests. b. Generalized voter apathy about the importance of the state constitution. c. both of the above d. none of the above
c. the power to levy and collect taxes
Which of the following powers are possessed both by the federal government and the government of Texas? a. the power to print currency b. the power to regulate interstate commerce c. the power to levy and collect taxes d. the power to declare war
b. Both constitutions have a clause providing the legislature with the power to make all laws necessary and proper to carrying out its expressed powers.
Which of the following statements is not correct about similarities between the U.S. and the Texas Constitutions? a. Both constitutions derive their power from the authority of the people b. Both constitutions have a clause providing the legislature with the power to make all laws necessary and proper to carrying out its expressed powers. c. Both constitutions divide authority between a central government and regional governments. d. Both constitutions create a separation of powers among the branches of the central government.
d. the process tends to serve the interests of small, organized elites.
Which of the following statements regarding the modern constitutional amendment process in Texas is true? a. voter interest and turnout is usually high. b. amendments generally deal only with broad social issues c. interest group influence is low d. the process tends to serve the interests of small, organized elites.
c. that Texas could withdraw from the union at any time in the future
Which of the following was not part of the Annexation Agreement between Texas and the United States when Texas joined the union in 1845? a. that Texas would retain title to all of its public lands. b. that Texas could request permission to subdivide into as many as five separate states c. that Texas could withdraw from the union at any time in the future d. all of the above were part of the annexation agreement e. none of the above were part of the annexation agreement
Developmental policies
Which policy is better run by the state when dealing with issues?
indirect appointive
Which power allows the governor to appoint supervisory boards but not operational directors for most state agencies?
Anti-federalists
Who are the people who favored strong state governments and weak national government? Opposed the ratification of the constitution?
Statist
Who believes in extensive government control of personal and economic liberties
Social conservative
Who believes that the government should support and further traditional moral teachings?
Samuel Adams
Who do we drink to when we think of who was one of the early leaders against British loyalist oppressors?
Emma Goldman
Who said, "If voting changed nothing, they'd make it illegal"?
Charles de Gaulle
Who said, "In order to become the master, the politician poses as the servant"?
Doug Gwyn
Who said, "truth is not determined by majority vote?"
Arnold Glasow
Who said,"An idea not coupled w action will never get any bigger than the brain cell it occupies"?
Oscar Ameringer
Who said,"Politics is the gentle art of getting votes from the poor and campaign funds from the rich, by promising to protect each from the other"
Plato
Who said,"Those who are too smat to engage in politics are punished by those who are dumber"?
E. J. Davis
Who served as governor of Texas after the Reconstruction and during the period of the 1869 Texas Constitution?
Moderate
Who takes a relatively centrist or middle-of-the-road view on most political issues?
Thomas Jefferson
Who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Paine
Who wrote a pamphlet forcibly arguing for independence from Great Britain?
because it is so detailed and restrictive
Why has the Texas Constitution continually needed to be amended?
Which individual was not one of the "Big Four" African Americans who shaped the civil rights struggle in the1950s and 1960s?
Wiley Bishop
Which is not a characteristic of dual federalism?
Within their respective spheres the two centers of government are not "sovereign" and hence not "equal."
Moonlight
Work another profession
Is Texas a republic?
Yes
Is democracy majority rule?
Yes
smartest
You do not have to be the ____
What reality of Texas population do we get?
Young hispanic population and an old anglo population.
65
___% of population growth is Hispanic
80%
____ of jobs created will be service related
33%
____ of state budget goes to Health and Human Services (60% is federal)
90
____% of Texans live in urban areas
40
____% of students never went to kindergarten
curriculum
____- what you're learning if you're learning
1/3
_____ Texans are functionally illiterate
Texas
_____ constitution reflects the constitution of the U.S. by the means of: limited government, seperation of powers (3 branches), and our governer is one of the weakest governers in this country (Queen of England)
leaderahip fragmented
_____-legislature, TEA, SBOE, commissioner, school boards, superindents
distrust
______ exists with regard to government intentions
effective
______ government will: structure conflict, develop an ordinary process for competition, and decide who pays and who benefits
education
______ is not in demand
85%
______ of TX revenue comes from taxes in general
96%
______ of students attend public or charter schools
payer
______-TX can give you money so you can go out and get the service (Medicare, Medicaid, and CHIP)
provider
______-TX literally provides the service (small: County Health Department , food inspectors-ensures public health and accommidations), Teaching Hospitals, and Special populations (hearing and vision impaired)
neighborhood integrity
_______ ________ really means, "get these kids out of my neighborhood."
56.3%
_______ of money in TX comes from sales tax
900-1,000
_______ people from other states are moving to TX everyday
moralistic
________ components are still fairly scarce
TXDOT
________ presides over 2nd largest budget in the U.S.
The Raymondville Peonage cases
________ tested the practice of forcing vagrants or debtors to repay farmers by requiring them to work off debts and fines as labor on private farms.
6 years ago
_________ declared Robin Hood "unconstitutional" and threatened to not open the schools. "You cannot have an advalorum tax at the state level."
#3
_____of the top ten cities in the U.S.
90%
____of HHS are elderly, disabled, children, or working poor
Legislative Budget Board (LBB)
a 10-member body co-chaired by the lieutenant governed and the Speaker of the House. This board and its staff prepare a biennial. In addition, they assist with the preparation of a general appropriation bill at the beginning of a regular legislative session. If requested, staff members prepare fiscal notes that assess the economic impact of a proposed bill or resolution
commissioners court
a Texas county's policy-making body, with five members: the county judge, who presides, and four commissioners representing single-member precincts
primary elction
a ballot vote in which citizens select a party's nominee for the general election
Radical Republicans
a bloc of Republicans in the US Congress who pushed through the adoption of American American suffrage as well as an extended period of military occupation of the South following the Civil War
Radical Republicans
a bloc of Republicans in the US Congress who pushed through the adoption of black suffrage as well as an extended period of military occupation of the South following the Civil War
What is radical republicans?
a bloc of republicans in the us congress who pushed through the adoption of black suffrage as well as an extended period of military occupation of the south following the civil war
Constitutional revision convention
a body of delegates who meet to make extensive changes in a constitution or to draft a new constitution.
balanced budget
a budget in which total revenues and expenditures are equal, producing no deficit
Federal aid to state or local governments for specific purposes, granted under restrictive conditions and often requiring matching funds from the receiving government is called
a categorical grant.
fee
a charge imposed by an agency upon those subject to its regulation
county judge
a citizen popularity elected to preside over the county commissioners court, and in smaller counties, to hear civil and criminal cases
intiative
a citizen-drafted measure proposed by a specific number or percentage of qualified voters, which becomes law if approved by popular vote.
Define Descisions
a conclusion or resolution reached after consideration
redlining
a discriminatory rating system used by federal agencies to evaluate the risks associated with loans made to borrowers in specific urban neighborhoods
Texas Grange
a farmers' organization also known as the Patrons' of Husbandry, committed to low levels of government spending and limited governmental powers; a major influence on the Constitution of 1876
Medicaid
a federal and state program financing medical services to low-income people
Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)
a federally and state-financed program for children living with parents or relatives who fell below state standards of need; replaced in 1996 by TANF
Lobbying
a form of advocacy with the intention of influencing decisions made by the government by individuals or more usually by lobby groups; it includes all attempts to influence legislators and officials, whether by other legislators, constituents, or organized groups.
Define Confederacy
a league or alliance; especially of confederate states
municipal (city) government
a local government for incorporated community established by law as a city
ordinance
a local law enacted by a city council or approved by popular vote in a referendum or intiative election
tax
a mandatory assessment exacted by a government for a public purpose
bond
a mechanism by which governments borrow money. General obligation bonds(redeemed from general revenue) and revenue bonds (redeemed from revenue obtained from the property or activity financed by the sale of the bonds) are authorized under Texas law
Grange
a militant Farmers movement of the late 19th century that fought for improved conditions for farmers
grange
a militant farmers' movement of the late nineteenth century that fought for imroved conditions for farmers
Define General Law Cities
a municipality that is limited to government structures and powers specifically granted by the state government
general-law city
a municipality with a charter prescribed by the legislature
home-rule city
a municipality with a locally drafted charter
Provincialism
a narrow, limited, and self interested view of the world often associated with rural values and notions of limited government
provincialism
a narrow, limited, and self-interested view of the world often associated with rural values and notions of limited government
motor voter law
a national act, passed in 1993, that requires states to allow people to register to vote when applying for a driver's license
Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
a national welfare program passed in 1972 that provides assistance to low income elderly or disabled individuals; replaced the federal-state programs that had offered assistance to the blind, the permanently and totally disabled, and the aged
budget
a plan of financial operation indicating how much revenue a government expects to collect during a period (usually one or two fiscal years) and how much spending is authorized for agencies and programs
Texas executive has what?
a plural executive
A stratarchy is
a political system wherein power is diffused among and within levels of party organization
open primary
a primary election in which any registered voter can participate in the contest, regardless of party affiliation
closed primary
a primary election in which only registered members of a particular political party can vote
limited government
a principle of constitutional government; a government whose powers are defined and limited by a constitution
early voting
a procedure that allows voters to cast ballots during the two-week period before the regularly scheduled election date
referendum
a process by which issues are referred to the voters to accept or reject
recall
a process for removing elected officials through a popular vote. In Texas, this power is available only for home-rule cities
traditionalistic culture
a product of the Old South, this culture uses government as a means of preserving the status quo and its leadership
government
a public institution with authority to formulate adopt, implement, and enforce public policies for a society
presidential reconstruction
a reconstruction plan for reintregrating former Confederate states back into the Union and freeing the slaves that placed mild demands upon the existing white power structure
council of governments (COG)
a regional planning body composed of governmental units
Cooperative federalism
a relationship where national and state government are mutually complementary parts of single government (lines blurred) • used the power of the national government to encourage states to pursue certain public policy goals
republican government
a representative democracy, a system of government in which power is derived from the people
In the 50 counties with no county attorney, the function is performed by
a resident district attorney
poll tax
a sate-imposed tax on votes as a prerequisite for voting; poll taxes were rendered unconstitutional in national elections by the 24th amendment, and in state elections by the supreme court in 1966.
runoff primary
a second primary election held between the two candidates who received the most votes in the first primary election if no candidate in the first primary election had received a majority
sin tax
a selective sales tax on items such as cigarettes, other forms of tobacco, alcoholic beverages, and admission to sex-oriented businesses
Define Conflict
a serious disagreement or argument
elite
a small group of people that dominates the political process
poll tax
a state-imposed tax on voters as a prerequisite for voting; these were rendered unconstitutional in national elections by the Twenty-Fourth Amendment, and in state elections by the US Supreme Court in 1966
Federalism
a structure of government characterized by the division of powers between a national government and associated regional governments
Trans Texas Corridor or (TTC)
a superhighway that's a 4,000 mile network of toll roads (auto and truck lanes), railway and utility lines, that will take an estimated 580,000 acres of private Texans' land that was promised NOT to use taxpayer money but the State Auditor uncovered that it could cost taxpayers up to $18 billion.
federalism
a system of governement in which power is divided, by a constitution, between a central goverment and regional governments
federalism
a system of government in which power is divided, by a constitution, between a central government and regional governments
federalism
a system of government in which power is divided, by a constitution, between central government and regional governments. (National and state)
ideology
a system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.
selective sales tax
a tax charged on specific products and services
regressive tax
a tax in which the effective tax rate falls as the tax base (such as individual income or corporate profits) increases.
progressive tax
a tax in which the effective tax rate increases as the tax base (such as individual income or corporate profits) increases.
franchise tax
a tax levied on the annual receipts of businesses that are organized to limit the personal liability of owners for the privilege of conducting business in the state
property tax
a tax that property owners pay according to the value of real estate and other tangible property. At the local level, property owners pay this tax to the city, the country, the school district, and often other special districts.
What does ad valorem mean?
a tax whose amount is based on the value of a transaction or of property.
advalorum tax
a tax whose amount is based on the value of a transaction or of property. It is typically imposed at the time of a transaction, as in the case of a sales tax or value-added tax (VAT)
patron system
a type of boss rule that has dominated areas of South Texas and Mexico
cooperative federalism
a type of federalism existing since the New Deal era in which grants-in-aid have been used to encourage states and localities (without commanding them) to pursue nationally defined goals: also known as intergovernmental cooperation
Cooperative federalism
a type of federalism existing since the new deal era in which grants in aid have been used to encourage states and localities to pursue nationally defined goals
commission form
a type of municipal government in which each elected commissioner is a member of the city's policy-making body, but also heads an administrative department (e.g., public safety with police and fire divisions)
special district
a unit of local government that performs a particular service, such as providing achools, hospitals, or housing, for a particular geographic area.
plurality
a vote (in North America) that describes the circumstance when a candidate or proposition polls more votes than any other, but does not receive a majority
Marble cake federalism
a way of describing federalism where the boundaries between national government and state government have become blurred
marble cake federalism
a way of describing federalism where the boundaries between the national government and state governments have become blurred
Layer cake federalism
a way of describing the system of dual federalism in which there is a division of responsibilities between the state and national government
layer-cake federalism
a way of describing the system of dual federalism in which there is a division of responsibilities between the state and the national governments
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)
a welfare program passed in 1996 to provide temporary assistance to families with needy children; replacing the AFDC program, TANF sought to make poor families self-sufficient and give states greater flexibility in setting benefit levels, eligibility requirements, and other program details
Devolution is a. the passing of authority from the national government to the state and local levels. b. the expansion of national authority that began in the 1930s. c. the contraction of state authority and the expansion of local government authority. d. the expansion of national authority that began in the 1960s.
a. the passing of authority from the national government to the state and local levels.
tyranny
according to James Madison, the concentration of power in any one branch of government
tyranny
according to james madison, the concentration of power in any one branch of government
The Texas Supreme Court has interpreted Article VII, Section I of the state constitution to require
adequate and equitable funding for public education
Define constitutionalism
adherence to a system of constitutional government
On the editorial pages of newspapers and magazines
advocacy is practiced and editors and columnists giver their opinions
racial covenants
agreements by a group of property owners, subdivision developers, or real estate operators in a given neighborhood, binding them not to sell, lease, or rent property to specified groups because of race, creed, or color for a definite period unless all agree to the transaction
In 1986 President Ronald Reagan signed the Immigration Reform and Control Act, which
all of these choices are provisions of the Immigration Reform and Control Act
The history of Texas suburbs is marked by racial segregation because
all of these choices are reasons that racial segregation marked the development of Texas suburbs
show up, stand up, speak up
all you have to do is______
independent state grounds
allow states, usually under the state constitution, to expand rights beyond those provided by the US Constitution
The Texas DREAM Act
allows certain undocumented immigrants who were brought to Texas as children to pay in-state tuitution at public colleges
Delegated powers
also called the Enumerated Powers, are the powers of Congress established in section eight of Article I of the US Constitution.
revenue bond
amount borrowed by the state that is repaid from specific revenue source
general obligation bond
amount borrowed by the state that is repaid from the General Revenue Fund
Define Compromise
an agreement or settlement of a dispute that is reached by each side making decisions
curriculum graveyards
an area in the public education system that doesn't give a certification (such as woodshop), or some that don't really go anywhere after the class
Define Sheriff
an elected officer of a county that is responsible for keeping the peace
Define County / District Attorney
an elected official of a county or a designated district with the responsibility of prosecuting jobs
nonpartisan election
an election in which candidates are not identified on the ballot by party label
special election
an election that is not held on a regularly scheduled basis
payroll tax
an employer-paid tax levied against a portion of the wages and salaries of workers to provide funds for payment of unemployment insurance benefits in the event employees lose their jobs
Southern States viewed Brown v Board of Education, the twenty-fourth amendment, the civil rights act of 1964, and voting rights act of 1964 as
an encroachment of their states' rights
Southern states viewed Brown v. Board of Education, the 24th Amendment, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and Voting Rights Act of 1965 as
an encroachment of their states' rights.
Southern states viewed Brown v. Board of Education, the Twenty-Fourth Amendment, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 as
an encroachment of their states' rights.
severance tax
an excise tax levied on a natural resource when it is severed from the earth.
What is a plural executive?
an executive branch in which power is fragmented because the election of state wide office holders is independent of the election of the governor
plural executive
an executive branch in which power is fragmented because the election of statewide officeholders is independent of the election of the governor
Plural executive
an executive branch in which power is fragmented because the election of statewide officeholders is independent of the election of the governor.
Impresario
an individual who promotes, organizes, or helps to finance a particular endeavor
"seperate but equal"
an interpretation of the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment that held that states could segregate races as long as equal facilities were provided; it was overturned in 1954
reserved powers
are derived from the Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. Although not spelled out in the U.S. Constitution, these powers to the states include police power, taxing power, propriety, and power of eminent domain.
Necessary and proper clause
article 1 section 8 of the us constitution; it provides congress with the authority to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out its powers.
Those who view social inequality as the result of institutional and economic forces beyond the control of individuals often support the idea of a government that
attempts to balance power in society and support the disadvantage
political culture
attitudes, habits, and general behavior patterns that develop over time and affect the political life of a state or region
Cap and trade is a proposed market-driven environmental policy that sets limits on the amount of pollution that industry can produce, and it is used by Texans to
attract industry to invest in technology that will produce less pollution.
Unitary system
authority rests with national/central government • Democratic: japan or denmark • Undemocratic (communism): china
appropiations
authorization by the legislature to a government agency or body to spend up to a particular amount of money
Texas's political figures have been pushing for a shift in power
away from federal government
Texas's political figures have been pushing for a shift in power
away from the federal government.
Which of the following statements is not correct about similarities between the U.S. and the Texas Constitutions? a. Both constitutions derive their power from the authority of the people b. Both constitutions have a clause providing the legislature with the power to make all laws necessary and proper to carrying out its expressed powers. c. Both constitutions divide authority between a central government and regional governments. d. Both constitutions create a separation of powers among the branches of the central government.
b. Both constitutions have a clause providing the legislature with the power to make all laws necessary and proper to carrying out its expressed powers.
The purpose of the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was to a. Guarantee equal protection of the law to all citizens b. Limit the power of the federal government by establishing reserved powers for states and individuals c. Limit the access of state court citizens to the federal courts d. Limit the spread of slavery to other than the original thirteen states
b. Limit the power of the federal government by establishing reserved powers for states and individuals
Which of the following groups was the dominant force in the constitutional convention in 1875? a. LULAC b. The Grange c. the Ku Klux Klan d. the League of Women Voters
b. The Grange
One of the major reasons for the assertion of greater powers by the federal government during the period known as regulated federalism was a. the voluntary relinquishment of powers by state governments b. massive defiance by the southern states of federal court orders in the area of civil rights c. the ratification of the 27th amendment d. all of the above e. None of the above
b. massive defiance by the southern states of federal court orders in the area of civil rights
Article IV of the Texas Constitution provides for a _______ executive. a. unitary b. plural c. dependent d. singular
b. plural
The main objective for the writers of the constitution of 1876 was to: a. satisfy the Republican controlled United States Congress b. return as much direct control of government to the people as possible c. to reconcile the disparities between rich and poor county governments d. to reaffirm the principles of the Reconstruction Constitution
b. return as much direct control of government to the people as possible
Long ballet
ballet that results from independent electing of large number of executive and judicial offices. (every position is elected)
Article 3 of the Texas Constitution assigns power to a _______ legislature consisting of the 31 members of the senate and the 150 members of the house of representatives
bicameral
Article 3 of the Texas Constitution assigns power to a _______ legislature consisting of the 31 members of the senate and the 150 members of the house of representatives.
bicameral
Article 3 of the Texas Constitution assigns power to a ___________ legislature consisting of the 31 members of the senate and the 150 members of the house of representatives.
bicameral
Opposition to the 1975 proposed constitutional overhaul centered on all of the following issues except
biennial legislative sessions.
A major requirement of the 1975 extension of the Voting Rights Act is that ballots in all Texas counties must be
bilingual
Texas constitution: A1
bill of rights
grants where government has few strings attached
block
State and local governments have greater administrative flexibility with ________ than with categorical grants.
block grants
State and local governments have greater administrative flexibility with ____________ than with categorical grants
block grants
State and local governments have greater administrative flexibility with ______________ than with categorical grants.
block grants
A web page on which writers regularly record opinions, information, and links to other sites is known as a
blog
In 2005, Texas passed by a majority of 76% an amendment banning
both gay and lesbian marriage and civil unions.
political culture
broadly shared values, beliers, and attitudes about how the government should function and politics should operate; American_____ _________ emphasizes the values of liberty, equality, and democracy
general-revenue dedicated funds budget
budget composed of funds for dedicated revenues that target mone for specific purposes
general revenues fund budget
budget for a non-dedicated revenue account that functions as the state's primary operating fund
all funds budget
budget that aggregates all monies flowing into the state treasury and all state spending
In most rural Texas counties, each county commissioner is individually resposibile for
building and maintaining county roads and bridges in his or her precinct
Government is a process of decision making conditioned by all of the following except
bureaucracy.
creative federalism
by Lindon b johnson
The current Texas constitution provides for a legislature consisting of a senate with ______ members and a house of representatives with ______ members. a. 100; 435 b. 100; 200 c. 31; 150 d. 150; 31
c. 31; 150
Under the Reconstruction Constitution of 1869 a. judges were appointed by the governor b. the governor controlled voter registration c. both of the above d. none of the above
c. both of the above
Which of the following has been a hindrance to major constitutional reform in Texas? a. Opposition from powerful lobby groups and special interests. b. Generalized voter apathy about the importance of the state constitution. c. both of the above d. none of the above
c. both of the above
Under the United States Constitution, which of the following powers do state governments not have? a. develop and enforce criminal codes b. establish rules regarding private property rights and contracts c. enter into treaties with foreign countries d. regulate commerce within the state
c. enter into treaties with foreign countries
Texas adopted its third constitution in 1845 in response to a. gaining independence from Mexico b. joining the confederacy c. joining the union. d. rejoining the union
c. joining the union
Which of the following was not part of the Annexation Agreement between Texas and the United States when Texas joined the union in 1845? a. that Texas would retain title to all of its public lands. b. that Texas could request permission to subdivide into as many as five separate states c. that Texas could withdraw from the union at any time in the future d. all of the above were part of the annexation agreement e. none of the above were part of the annexation agreement
c. that Texas could withdraw from the union at any time in the future
Which of the following powers are possessed both by the federal government and the government of Texas? a. the power to print currency b. the power to regulate interstate commerce c. the power to levy and collect taxes d. the power to declare war
c. the power to levy and collect taxes
The implied powers of the national government are designed to do whatever is necessary to
carry out the expressed powers of the national government
The implied powers of the national government are designed to do whatever is necessary to
carry out the expressed powers of the national government.
grants with strings attached
categorial
What was the state religion of the 1827 constitution?
catholicism
The only natural lake in all of texas
cattle lake
The gulf coastal plains
center of cotton production, less forest, more post oak trees.
Define Unitary Government
central supreme government holds the authority
One example of a concurrent power would be the ability to ___________________.
charter banks
Adopting the county's budget and setting the property tax rate is the duty of the county
commissioners court
What is unicameral?
comprising one body or house, as in a one-house legislature
unicameral
comprising one body or house, as in a one-house legislature
Powers assigned to both the national and state governments are called
concurrent powers
powers assigned to both the national and state governments are called
concurrent powers
Powers shared by the state & national government as stated in the U.S. Constitution are called
concurrent.
Functions performed by counties in Texas include
conducting elections, registration of voters, and enforcing criminal law
violent
conflict is more_____
within and between people
conflict is_______
block grant
congressional grant of money that allows the state considerable flexibility in spending for a program, such as providing welfare services.
categorical grants
congressionally appropriated grants to states and localities on the condition that expenditures be limited to a problem or group specified by law
Categorical grants
congressionally appropriated grants to states and localities on the conjoint that expenditures be limited to a problem or group specified by law
metro government
consolidation of units of local government within an urban area under a single authority
What constitution complied with moderate reconstruction?
constitution of 1866
The Texas Bill of Rights
contains a provision guaranteeing equal rights to women--something not found in the federal Constitution
When Texas receives matching funds or additional assistance from the national government for pursuing certain public policies, this is an example of:
cooperative federalism
The state government decentralizes power by assigning many functions to unit of local government, especially_______?
counties
local government
counties, municipalities, school districts, and other special districts that provide a range of services, including rural roads, city streets, public education, and protection of persons and property
The state government decentralizes power by assigning many functions to units of local government, especially
counties.
In its capacity as the state's fundamental law, the Texas Constituion
creates governmental institutions, assigns them powers, and places limitations on them
What was one critical challenge to writing the constitution in 1787?
creation of representative government for a large nation with diverse population
Common Law refers to
custom upheld by courts and derived from Britain traditions
Common law refers to
customs upheld by courts and derived from British tradition.
3 years
cycle for new math books
7 years
cycle for new social studies books
Under the current Texas Constitution as amended a. the governor has the power to appoint judges of all courts below the Supreme Court of Texas b. a "Missouri Plan" retention election is held for judges after they have served four years c. a unified Supreme Court hears all cases, civil and criminal d. all judges are elected in partisan elections.
d. all judges are elected in partisan elections.
All of the following were objectives of the framers in drafting the Texas Constitution of 1876 except: a. placing restrictions on state spending and the ability of the state to incur debt b. placing limits on the power of the state to impose taxes c. placing limits on the power of the governor d. all of the above were objectives of the framers e. none of the above were objectives of the framers
d. all of the above were objectives of the framers
All of the following statements are true regarding the constitution of 1876, except a. Most of the delegates to the convention were white. b. the constitution was heavily influenced by agricultural interests c. delegates reacted strongly to the abuses of power under the Reconstruction era d. delegates believed in the necessity of concentrating power in the central government in Austin.
d. delegates believed in the necessity of concentrating power in the central government in Austin.
One of the main features of the Constitution of 1876 is that a. it is well known as one of the best written state constitutions b. it concentrates state power in Austin under a strong governor and a strong state legislature c. it gave women the right to vote d. it intentionally restricted the power of state government and of all of the institutions of state government.
d. it intentionally restricted the power of state government and of all of the institutions of state government.
Which of the following statements regarding the modern constitutional amendment process in Texas is true? a. voter interest and turnout is usually high. b. amendments generally deal only with broad social issues c. interest group influence is low d. the process tends to serve the interests of small, organized elites.
d. the process tends to serve the interests of small, organized elites.
Adoption of an amendment to the Texas Constitution requires a vote of a. two thirds of the house of representatives and the voters in an election b. two thirds of the senate and the voters in an election c. a majority of the house and senate and two thirds of the voters in an election d. two thirds of the house and senate and a majority of the voters in an election
d. two thirds of the house and senate and a majority of the voters in an election
8/24/1921
date mexico got independence from spain
State constitutional provisions voided by a conflicting U.S. constitutional is
deadwood
State constitutional provisions voided by a conflicting U.S. constitutional is
deadwood.
Supreme Court
deals with civil matters
Court of Criminal Appeals
deals with criminal cases
available school fund (ASF)
dedicated fund established by the constitution for the support of public education in the state
Powers of the national government stated in the United States Constitution are called
delegated.
coercive federalism
describes the actions gov't has at its disposal to do what it wants
new federalism
desire to go back to dual
Article 6:
details sufferage requirements of Texas • must be 18 + • not be convicted felon • not be found mentally incompetent by court of law
The decline in national control over state governments is referred to as
devolution
The attempt to enhance the power of state and local governments, especially by substituting more flexible block grants instead of restrictive categorical grants in aid is called
devolution.
defined
dominant mythology has been _____ by the Anglo plurality (majority), but changing demographics = changing definitions
What is right-to-work or open shop?
don't have to join labor unions, but the ppl want them to.
The understanding that the federal government and state governments are both sovereign within their sphere of influence is called
dual federalism.
Until the 1930s, the relationship between states like Texas and the national government would best be described as
dual federalism.
Article 1, Section 19 of the Texas Constitution protects against
due process.
Checks and balances
each branch of government is assigned power to limit abuses of others
In which area is Texas's individualistic subculture overridden by traditionalistic subculture?
east Texas
Dallas:San Antonio:Houston
economic trade
qualified workforce
economy requires a
credited for destruction of republican party
edmond davis
Texas constitution: A7
education
Gilmer-Aikin Laws
education reform legislation passed in 1949 that supplemented local funding of education with public monies, raised teachers' salaries, mandated a minimum length for the school year, and provided for more state supervision of public education
The purpose of a general election is to
elect officeholders
constitutional amendment election
election, typically in November of an odd-numbered year, in which voters are asked to approve one or more proposed constitutional amendments. an amendment must receive a majority of the popular vote to be approved
53% of Texans believe we spend too little on which specific public policy?
elementary and secondary education
Jim Crow laws
ethnically discriminating laws that segregated African Americans and denied them access to public services for many decades after the Civil War
Texas constitution: A4
executive branch
plural executive
executive branch where power is divided among several independently elected officials • weakens power of chief executive • governor lacks power of typical executive
The 1819 McCulloch v Maryland case __________ the powers of the federal government.
expanded
The 1819 McCulloch v. Maryland case __________ the powers of the federal government.
expanded
resistance
expect______
Powers found in Article 1, Section 8 and are explicitly listed listed in the U.S. constitution are called
expressed powers
Powers found in Article 1, Section 8 and are explicitly listed in the US Constitution are called
expressed powers.
Filibuster
extended discussion by a legislator on the floor with goal by delaying/blocking vote on bill
Constitutional revision
extensive or complete rewriting of a constitution
The National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 is an example of
federal encroachment using regulatory policy.
The trend in federal-state relations since the 1980s can best be described as the
federal government transferring more responsibility to the states but reducing funding
block grants
federal grants that allow states considerable discretion on how funds are spent
Supremacy claude
federal law must be followed if conflict between states and national government arises
According to the U.S. Constitution's national supremacy clause,
federal laws enacted under the U.S. Constitution take precedence over state laws
matching funds
federal monies going to a state based on state spending for a program
coercive federalism
federal policies that force states to change their policies to achieve national goals
unfunded mandates
federal requirements that states or local governments pay the costs of federal policies
Controversy surrounding the affordable care act is an example of the friction inherent in
federalism
a system of government in which power is divided, by a constitution, between a central government and regional government
federalism
Normally, the first primary election in Texas is held on the
first Tuesday in March of even-numbered years
Texas Constitution of 1827
first state constitution, mexican state
complex formula used during a grants funding
formula
The process of mixing chemicals with sand and water and injecting them into the ground to force out oil and gas from the shale below, is referred to as
fracking
What is capitalism?
free market which is also competition
Understand interstate relations and state immunity. :
full faith and credit, privileges and immunities, interstate compacts, and 11 amendment is state immunity which allows states to be protected from law suits (states must give permission to be sued)
permanent school fund (PSF)
fund created in 1854 that provides monies for primary/secondary schools
economic stabilization fund (ESF)
fund established by constitutional amendment in 1988 to provide funds for state during times of financial stress, commonly known as the Rainy Day Fund
National Research University Fund (NRUF)
fund established in 2009 tp provide funding to unviersities seeking to achieve national prominenceas research institutions
state highway fund
fund that supports the construction, maintenance, and policing of roadways and acquires rights of way; funded through a variety of taxes such as motor vehicle registration fees, the federal highwayfund, and the sales tax on motor lubricants
Constitution functions
fundamental principles (what you're about), define relationships between those who govern (like a fence) and determine what government can't do (Bill of RIghts)
public policy
government action designed to meet a public need or goal as determined by a legislation body or other authorized officials
Public Policy
government action designed to meet a public need/goal as determined by legislative body
livelihood and quality of life
government impacts______________
Traditionalistic Culture
government is institution to maintain dominant social and religious values. • maintain status quo (strong in old south)
Individualistic culture
government is practical institution to further private enterprise intervene minimally • government invention is limited
The standards of professionalism are sometimes compromised when professional reporters over-report the views of
government officials and others with power whom they see as reliable, legitimate and knowedgeable
Special Sessions
governor can convene special session (no more than 30 days) • provides governor with powerful legislature advances • filibusters
radical form movement 19th century farmers for better living
grange
economic downturn /\unemployment \/GPP
great recession
greater numbers of problems that require solutions
greater numbers of people living in close proximity=
four geographic regions in Texas
gulf coastal interior lowlands great planes basin and range provinces
remediation
half of TX's manpower is devoted to______
The main advantage that a home-rule city has over a general-law city is that home-rule city
has greater flexibility in its organization and operation
What are the qualifications for a strong mayor?
has to be a US citizen, registered voter, resident of city for 5 years, own real estate in the city for 2
local governments
have the authority to sales tax and tax property
Governor Rick Perry, in opposing federal stimulus fund from the Obama Administration hinted at
having Texas secede from the Union
bicameral
having a legislative assembly composed of two Chambers or houses
bicameral
having a legislative assembly composed of two chambers or houses
bicultural
having or combining the cultural attitudes and customs of two nations, peoples, or ethnic groups
What about a traditionalistic state?
hold onto old traditions; conservative; above reproach
What kind of federalism is state-state?
horizontal federalism
regulated federalism
how beracracy regulates how much federalism we may have
Texas constitution: A17
how to amend the constitution
Define people
human beings in general
Constitutions are expected to do all of the following except
identify political leaders
Constitutions are expected to do all of the following except
identify political leaders.
Extradition
if a person commits a crime in one state and flees to another, we can request for them to be returned to be punished in the state of which the crime was committed.
the cowboy, the frontier, rural life, and individualism
images of political culture:
nation
immigration law is_______
current challenges
immigration, public education, educating a workforce to compete in the global economy, unemployment, underemployment, and increased demand for services
out of date
immigrations laws are_____
Texas constitution: A15
impeachment
Voting Rights Act of 1965
important legislation passed in order to ensure that African AMericans would be guaranteed the right to vote.
As many as 400,000 Texans live in about 2,300 colonias, which are
impoverished housing settlements often without running water or sewage systems
winners, losers, and nothing in between
in politics there are_______
Among the key factors that affect voter turnout are
income, age, gender, and ethnicity
Certain rights found in the Bill of Rights are rights that cannot be encroached upon by the states is known as the
incorporation doctrine.
Election of 1872
incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant, leader of the Radical Republicans, was easily elected to a second term in office with Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts as his running mate, despite a split within the Republican Party that resulted in a defection of many Liberal Republicans to opponent Horace Greeley. The other major political party, the Democratic Party, also nominated the candidates of the Liberal Republican ticket that year
Third consideration?
inflation
Delegated powers that come with an office or position are called
inherent powers.
A proposed law arising from a citizen petition is called a(n)
initiative
Deadwood
inoperable constitutional provisions that have been either voided by the U.S. Constitution or made irrelevant by changing circumstances (i.e.: stationary)
The governor's role in the constitutional amendment process
is limited to the use of personal influence to sway the outcome
As a result of the Shelby v. Holder case, the state of Texas
is no longer required to obtain preclearance from the U.S. Department of Justice for its electoral district maps
Texas constitution: A5
judicial branch
States serve as public policy
laboratories
states serve as public policy
laboratories
In Texas, acquiring __________ indicates a path to political, social, and economic power?
land
Common law
laws developed based on court ruling and custom
Liberals would most likely support which of the following policies?
laws protecting a woman's right to equal pay for equal work
Texas does not permit voters to decide directly on
legislative appointments
Texas does not permit voters to decide directly on
legislative appointments.
Texas constitution: A3
legislative branch
two thirds
legislature must pass an amendment by a ____ vote
A constitution promotes ___________ if the general public agrees that the government has the right to govern its citizens.
legitimacy
A constitution promotes _________if the general public agrees that the government has the right to govern its citizens.
legitimacy
The fiercest political fighting in Texas between 1900 and 1950 was between
liberal and conservative Democrats
What is considered to be an individualistic state?
liberal; government is a function of the marketplace
Precinct conventions in Texas are usually
lightly or sparsely attended
Denied powers
limited national, state, and local government, which are things that no government can do for ex: violate civil rights
denied powers
limits national, state, and local government
What does government impact?
livelihood and quality of life
County Government
local affiars
Texas constitution: A9&11
local government and country
The kind of ballot that results from the election of a large number of independent executive and judicial officers is a
long ballot
The political influence of the Latino community is unrealized because of the
low voter turnout
The political influence of the Latino community is unrealized because of
low voter turnout.
Dan Patrick
lu. governer
poor
medicaid is for
elderly
medicare is for
Texas Constitution of 1845
member of US
Confederal system
member states/regional government have all authority • democratic USA, Germany, Mexico • undemocratic: pakistan, russia
at-large election
members of a policy making body, such as some city councils, are elected on a citywide basis rather than from single-member districts
Other people coming from other states have what?
money
debt service
money spent by the state to pay off debt; includes interest and principle payments
three types of coulture
moralistic culture individualistic culture traditionalistic culture
20%
more than ____ of TX's households will live at or below the poverty level by 2030
full faith and credit clause
most government actions of another state must be officially recognized by public officials in Texas
luitenant governer
most powerful governer in TX
A 2009 study named Texas's tax system as on of the ten
most regressive.
Political culture in texas
mostly conservative but other ideology consists of liberals
What is the drop down of government?
national-->state-->local
What 3 sources are in Population growth?
natural increase, migration, immigration
Define Finite Sources
non renewable such as oil, gas, coal
Which of the following statements regarding the Campaign Reform Act of 2002 is false?
none of its provision have been overturned by the Supreme Court
3
number of railroad commissioners (but really it's oil and gas)
Unfunded Mandates
obligations federal government imposes on state government while providing little to no funding to pay for it (EPA)
15%
only ____ of students will finish highschool and college
4%
only _______ of TX schools teach sexual education
A pragmatic view of the role of state constitutions should not lead to the conclusion that they are
only incidental to good government
A pragmatic view of the role of state constitutions should not lead to the conclusion that they are
only incidental to good government.
local law of regulation
ordinance
protection of interests
organized interests benefits from
Texas Constitution of 1836
own individual republic
Homestead protection
owner-occupied property protected from forced sale
Define Commissioners Court
people appointed by a judge to find facts, to hear testimony, or perform a specific function connected with certain types of cases. 4 commissioner districts
What two considerations of cuts are there?
per capita, population growth
federal
pertaining to or of the nature of a union of states under a central government distinct from the individual governments of the separate state. National-state relationships.
Texas is the headquarters to the world's __________ industry?
petrochemical
When state governments misuse their powers, the response is usually to
place constitutional limitations and restriction those powers
When state governments misuse their powers, the response is usually to
place constitutional limitations and restrictions on those powers
Separation of powers
places the lawmaking, law-enforcing, and law-adjudicating powers in separate branches of government
Define Power
political or social authority or control.
conflict
politics involves______
who gets what, when, and how
politics is
religion or science
politics is not about____ or _______ science, there's no right answer
truth
politics is not about_____
practical
politics is_____
demographics
population characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity, employment, and income, that social scientists use to describe groups in society
natural increase, migration, immigration
population growth has 3 sources:
sovereign
possessing supreme political authority within a geographic area
voter confusion and low turnout
potential challenges for effectively amending the constitution
worsen
poverty in TX is likely to ____
The challenges the state faces in the future (poverty, education, water,...)
poverty, immigration, education, water
Separation of powers
power is distributed among three branches (executive, legislative, and judicial
Define Dillon Rule
power is implied
Line Item veto power
power to strike out sections of bill without vetoing entire bill
Reserved powers are...
powers given to the states in the US constitution. National government will protect the states against invasion, domestic violence, and retains the power to maintain a militia Trial will be held where the crime was committed State can't be divided into another state without permission
reserved powers
powers of the states, 10th amendment
Concurrent powers
powers shared by national and state power (judicial system)
Inherent Powers
powers that come with office/position • executive branch mainly
Constitutional amendment process
process for changing the Texas Constitution in which an amendment is proposed by two-thirds vote of each chamber of the legislature and approved by a simple majority of voters in a general or special election.
reapportionment
process that takes place every 10 years to determine how many congressional seats each state will receive, depending on population shifts
Community Property
property acquired during marriage and owned equally by spouse.
Article 17 of the Texas Constitution provides for
proposal of Constitutional Amendments.
a narrow, limited, and self-interested view of the world often associated with rural values and notions of limited government
provincialism
equal protection clause
provision in the 14th amendment guaranteeing citizens the "equal protection of the laws"; this clause has been the basis for the civil rights of African Americans, women, and other groups
Texas Grangers were opposed to the idea of
public education
40%
public education uses the dropout rate of ___
Texas Grangers were opposed to the idea of
public education.
fiscal policy
public policy that concerns taxing, government spending, public debt, and management of government money
a person who wanted radical change towards the south
radical republican
a bloc of republicans in the US Congress who pushed through the adoption of black suffrage as well as an extended period of military occupation of the South following the Civil War
radical republicans
nineteenth amendment
ratified in 1919, amendment guaranteeing women the right to vote
The Texas Constitution Today
reactionary document-targeted at solving problems of reconstruction • 2nd largest among states • 87,000 words and amended more than 500 times • 9 times longer than U.S. Constitution
Number one side job for teachers?
real estate
redistricting
redrawing of boundaries after the federal decennial census to create district with approximately equal population(e.g., legislative, congressional, commissioners court, and city council districts in Texas).
When the three major television networks began to face competition from cable news in the 1980s, they responded by
reducing coverage of hard news and increasing coverage of scandals, horserace journalism, and controversial sound bites
The power of some governors to reduce amounts in an appropriations bill without striking them out is defined as
reduction veto.
Which method of election permits voters to determine if an ordinance or statute will go into effect
referendum
Distrust exists with what?
regard to government intentions
Under Article 1, the U.S. Constitution gives the national government all of the following expressed powers except
regulate intrastate commerce
The principal historic event shaping the 1866 Texas Constitution was
reinstatement into the Union after the Civil War
Define National (Unitary)
relating to a unit or units
Define Confederal
relation to or denoting a confederation
Coercive federalism
relationship between stated and federal government in which national government directs the state on policies they must undertake. • federal government has centralized more power and has increasingly obscured the states when they pursue policies the fed's don't agree with.
intergovernmental relations
relationships between and among different governments that are on the same or different level
confederal
represents a main form of inter-governmentalism, this being defined as 'any form of interaction between states which takes place on the basis of sovereign independence or government
King ranch is bigger than what state
rhode island
Something protected by the Texas Bill of Rights that is not protected by the U.S. Bill of Rights is
rights of crime victims
1940 population in texas was majority rural or urban?
rural
Of the 50 states, Texas ranks __________ in land area.
second
Radius of service provision
securing public access to private resources
Texas constitution: A2
separation of powers
During the period of the Texas Republic, married women had all of the following rights except the right to
serve on juries
national and state governments
share functions and responsibilities
Federalism
sharing of powers between national and state government (USA was first to use this system)
The Texas Constitution of 1869 provided for all of the following, except
six-year term for all executive offices
Traditionalistic polticial subculture is found primarily in which states?
southern and border states
There are a variety of forms of local government in Texas, including
special districts, counties, and cities
supremeacy clause
stablishes that the Constitution, federal laws made pursuant to it, and treaties made under its authority, constitute the supreme law of the land.
federal funds budget
state budget that includes all grants, payments, and reimbursements recieved from the federal government by state agencies and institutions
State constitutions require more amendments because of each of the following EXCEPT
state constitutions are usually written in general terms and need additional clarification.
State constitutions require more amendments because of each of the following except
state constitutions are usually written in general terms and need additional clarification.
Reserved powers are those that belong to the
state governments.
Higher Education Fund (HEF)
state higher education fund for universities not having access to PUF monies
Unitary federalism
state-local relationship
unitary
state-local relationships, no local sovereignty
Tenth Amendment
states have any power not delegated by constitution (limits federal law)
Law passed by legislatures and written into code books is
statutory law
Law passed by legislatures and written into code books is
statutory law.
matters
strategy______
What does retention mean?
students who do not drop out
Texas constitution: A6
suffrage voting
What supreme courts are under the texas judiciary department?
supreme court(civil matter) and court of criminal appeals (criminal cases)
sovereignty
supreme power or authority
Texas constitution: A8
taxation and revenue
sintaxes
taxes on items considered undesirable or harmful, such as alcohol or tobacco
Among all the states in the United States, Texas ranks near the bottom in all of the following categories except
teenage birth rate
Among all the states in the United States, Texas ranks near the bottom in all of the following categories except:
teenage birth rate
The media source from which most Texans now get their news is
television
Confederacy
the Confederate States of America, those southern states that seceded from the US in late 1860 and 1861 and argued that the power of the states was more important than the power of the central government
Agriculture in the West Texas Plains depends heavily on
the Ogallala Aquifer
longest
the Tx constitution is one of the _____ state constitutions
privatization of public property
the act(s) by which Texas gave public land owned by the state over to private individuals for cultivation and development
Remediation
the action of remedying something, in particular of reversing or stopping environmental damage
separation of powers
the assignment of law-making, law-enforcing, and law-interpreting functions to separate branches of government
New Federalism
the attempts by Presidents Nixon and Reagan to return power to the states through block grants
New federalism
the attempts by presidents nixon and reagan to return power to the states through block grants
moralistic political culture
the belief that government should be active in promoting the public good and that citizens should participate in politics and civic activities to ensure that good
traditionalistic political culture
the belief that government should be dominated by political elites and guided by tradition
individualistic political culture
the belief that government should limit its role to providing order in society, so that citizens can pursue their economic self interest
centralization
the concentration of control of an activity or organization under a single authority
checks and balances
the constitutional idea that overlapping poer is given to different branches of government to limit the concentration of power in any one branch
Checks and balances
the constitutional idea that overlapping power is given to different branches of government to limit the concentration of power in any one branch
moralistic culture
the culture influences people to view political participation as their duty and to expect that the government will be used to advance the public good
metropolitanization
the development of a residential pattern centered in a core area containing a large population nucleus together with adjacent communities economically and socially integrated with that core
separation of powers
the division of governmental power among several institutions that must cooperate in decision making
seperation of powers
the division of governmental power among several institutions that must cooperate in decision making
Define Separation of Powers
the division of powers to parts of governments
general election
the election in which voters cast ballots to select public officials
The Tea party formed in reaction to ______________.
the expanding size of government
old
the face of medicaid in TX is
Define Federalism
the federal principal or system of government
Greg Abbott
the governer of TX is
bounded rationality
the idea in policy making that decision makers may seek satisfactory solutions to problems that are not necessarily optimal or effiecent
rationality
the idea in public policy making that we have clearly identified goals and that we seek to achieve these goals in an optimal or efficient manner
law of capture
the idea that the first person to "capture" water or oil by pumping it out of the ground and using it owns that water or oil
constitution
the legal structure of the government, which establishes its power and authority as well as the limits on that power
Who is the most powerful person in state of Texas?
the lieutenant governor (dan patrick)
extraterritorial jurisdiction (ETJ)
the limited authority a city has outside its boundaries
Most traditionalistic states have what kind of constitution?
the longest constitutions
When critics of the media complain about "horserace journalism', they are pointing to the fact that
the media tend to focus more on who is winning an elections than on the issues that matter
Define Constituitional Admendments
the modification of the constitution of a nation or state
Texas is first in the nation for
the number of uninsured citizens.
Reconstruction
the period after the Civil War when much of the South was under military occupation
eminent domain
the power of the government to take private property for public uses, so long as just compensation is paid
Define Authority
the power or right to give orders, make descions, and enforce obediance
urbanization
the process by which people move from rural areas to cities
politics
the process of policymaking that involves conflict and cooperation between political parties and other groups that seek to elect government officials or to influence those officials when they make public policy, such as enacting and interpreting laws
redistricting
the process of redrawing election districts and redistributing legislative representatives in the Tx House, Tx Senate, and US House; this process usually happens every 10 years to reflect shifts in population or in response to legal challenges in existing districts
budget execution
the process whereby the governor and the Legislative Budget Board oversee (and, in some instances, modify) implementation of the spending plan authorized by the Texas legislature
Define Values
the regard that something is held to deserve
urban renewal
the relocation of businesses and people, the demolition of structures, and the use of eminent domain to take private property for government development projects
Low voter turnout in Texas is attributed to all of the following, except
the repeal of laws that expanded suffrage
early registration
the requirement that a voter register long before the general elections; in effect in TX until 1971
50%
the retention rate is____
suffrage
the right to vote
The funeral of Felix Longoria resulted in
the spark that ignited Latino Texas to fight for civil rights
The funeral of Felix Longoria resulted in
the spark that ignited Latino Texas to fight for civil rights.
The funeral of Felix Longoria resulted in:
the spark that ignited Latino Texas to fight for civil rights.
As a result of Thelma White's 1955 lawsuit against the state of Texas, the Court ruled that
the state laws requiring segregation in higher education were invalid
general revenue fund
the state's primary operating fund
dual federalism
the system of that prevailed in the US from 1789-1937. In which most fundamental governmental powers were strictly separated between the federal and state governments.
Tenth Amendment
the tenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution declares that "the powers not delegated by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the states, respectively, or to the people."
exclusionary zoning
the use of local government zoning ordinances to exclude certain groups of people from a given community
honor
there are more _____ students in India than there are students in America
Texas has the __________ largest number of African Americans in the nation after New York and California.
third
A political party that is not one of the two major parties is referred to as a
third party
individualistic culture
this culture looks to government to maintain a stable society but with minimum intervention in the lives of the people
oil & gas, agriculture, and construction
three biggest economic sectors in TX
immigration, reproduction, and migration
three sources of population growth:
money, emphasis, and retention
three topics of discussion in higher ed
The device by which a corporation may contribute money to a political candidate is
through a political action committee
annex
to make an outlying area part of a city
$209 billion
total TX state budget for two years____
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
trade treaty among the US, Canada, and Mexico to lower and eliminate tariffs among the three countries
Texas Political Culture
traditionalistic and individualistic
The Texas Judiciary has how many supreme courts?
two
Texas and Oklahoma are the only states that have:
two courts at final appeal
Texas and Oklahoma are the only states that have
two courts of final appeals.
Regressive tax
type of tax where the tax burden fails more heavily on lower-income individuals
progressive tax
type of tax where the tax burden fails more heavily on upper-income individuals
regressive tax
type of tax where the tax burden falls more heavily on lower-income individuals
progressive tax
type of tax where the tax burden falls more heavily on upper-income individuals
Underemployment
underpayment, a lot of underemployment in Texas
dual federalism
understanding federal and state government are both sovereign within their spheres of influence (state and federal work equally. Tension in concurrent) • dominant concept of federalism oil 1930's
Persons who enter the United States in violation of federal immigration laws are referred to as
undocumented immigrants
the obligation that the federal government imposes on state governments with little or no funding to help support the program define
unfunded mandates
The obligations that the federal government imposes on state governments with little or no funding to help support the program define
unfunded mandates.
The obligations that the federal government imposes on state governments with little or no funding to help support the program defines
unfunded mandates.
one legislative body
unicameral
The ability of almost all citizens 18 years of age and older to vote is referred to as
universal suffrage
The process by which people move from rural to urban areas
urbanization
An interest group technique that is unethical would be
utilizing bribery
What kind of federalism is national-state?
vertical federalism
majority vote
voters approve by a _____
Referendum
voters determine statute going in effect
467
voters hve adopted the _____ constitutional amendments
single-member district election
voters in an area (commonly called a district, ward, or precinct) elect one representative to serve on a policy-making body(e.g., city council, county commissioners court, state House and Senate).
The basic geographic area for conducting national, state, district, and county elections is the
voting precinct
How is Texas different from California
we have a post reconstruction government
retention
we tend to focus on who we keep (in higher ed). In public ed they focus on who they lose.
Most constitutional amendments adopted in Texas
were necessary because of the detailed nature of the state's constitution
alcohol sales per county
wet-dry
preemption
where the national government imposes its priorities and prevents the state from acting in a particular field
Unemployment
you don't have job, but you're looking for one
Constitution of 1845
• Restricted legislature to meet once every two years • Establish permanent school funds • established long ballet
Legislative Branch
• bicameral (2 house) legislature • 31 member senate (4 year term) • 150 member house of representatives (2 year term) • 7200 Annual Salary • no term limits • in session once every 2 years--biennual regular sessions
Constitution of 1869
• centralized state powers in governors hands • lengthened chief executive term to 4 years • gave governors appointing powers • centralized public school system (E.J. Davies--> corrupted and abusive state government)
Republic of Texas Constitution
• first constitution after independence from Mexico • established term limits • separation of church and state • kept things from spanish-mexican law: homestead protection, community property, common law • established unitary form of government
Necessary and Proper Clause
• gives congress implied powers • AKA "elastic" clause
Commerce Clause
• gives congress power to regulate commerce • where Obama care comes from • used to justify broad nations actions
Conservatives believe in what?
• limited role of government • traditional values and cautious of social change • low taxes (Texas taxes are low compared to other states) • Texas does not use power to enforce traditional values, restrict abortions, impose _________ _________ on law breakers
Constitution of 1866
• nullified succession • abolished slavery • renounced confederate war debuts • reconstruction Act of 1867 voided this constitution
Political culture
• reflects political values and beliefs of people; • how people feel about government; • very much influence public opinion, political party affiliation, and public policy.
Moralistic Culture
• views government as positive force • Value individuals • public service
Understand the process of amending the constitution
•A joint resolution proposing an amendment is introduced in the House or in the Senate during a regular session or during a special session called by the governor •Two-thirds of the members in each chamber must adopt the resolution •The secretary of state prepares an explanatory statement that briefly describes the proposed amendment, and the attorney general approves this statement •The explanatory statement is published twice in Texas newspapers that print official state notices •A copy of the proposed amendment is posted in each county courthouse at least 30 days before the election •The voters must approve the proposed amendment by a simple majority vote in a regular or special election •The governor, who has no veto power in the process, proclaims the amendment
State Powers:
•Police power: protection of the health, morals, safety, and convenience of citizens, and provision for the general welfare •Taxing power: raising revenue to pay salaries of state employees, meet other costs of government, and repay borrowed money •Proprietary power: public ownership of property, such as airports, energy-producing utilities, and parks •Power of eminent domain: taking private property at a fair price for various kinds of public projects, such as highway construction
Constitution of 1861 (due to Civil War)
•similar to 1845 • acknowledged Texas as Confederate States
liberals
-believe in progress, the essential goodness of the human race, and the autonomy of the individual and stand for the protection of political and civil liberties -20% of Texans are this -equality over order
conservative
-support traditional values and lifestyles and are cautious in response to social change -48% of Texans are this -order over equality
Tenth
Texas Governor Rick Perry believed so firmly in protecting states' rights that he often invoked the _____ Amendment during his 14-year tenure as governor.
ratify constitutional amendments
Texas gives its voters the power to do which of the following?
a right-to-work provision
The Constitutional Convention of 1974 was divided over which issue?
Inequality in the law school the legislature set up for Sweatt
The NAACP sued the state of Texas in a case surrounding Herman Sweatt and the issue of
Jim Crow Laws
The Plessy v. Ferguson decision allowed continued discrimination against African Americans, and it became pervasive throughout the South through the enactment of
The Governor
The Texas legislature may be called into special sessions by
Devolution
The attempt to enhance the power of state and local governments, especially by substituting more flexible block grants instead of restrictive categorical grants-in-aid, is called
hospital admitting privileges.
The bill known as HB2 required that all abortion clinic doctors must possess
homestead protections.
The constitution of the Republic of Texas protected owner-occupied properties from forced sales under most circumstances. This is referred to as
Mexico
The first Texas Constitution was written in 1836 after Texas gained independence from
Liberal
The political ideology that actively supports the expansion of civil rights and tolerates social change is
Conservative
The political ideology that believes in a limited role for government in the areas of taxation and economic regulation is
Low Voter Turnout
The political influence of the Latino community in Texas is unrealized because of
The invisible Primary
The practice of excluding African Americans from primary elections in the Texas Democratic Party was known as
Commerce
Through the use of the ______ clause, Congress criminalized the production and use of medical marijuana even in states where the growing and use of homegrown marijuana for medicinal purposes was legal.
The best government is a limited government
What best describes Texas's dominant political culture today?
constitutions
What establishes major governing institutions and gives them the power to govern?
the power of a governor to issue binding orders to state agencies
What is directive power?
It is unconstitutional to require abortion clinics to meet the same standards as ambulatory surgery centers
What was the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt?
The proposal died in legislative committee.
What was the result of a 1999 attempt to revise the Texas Constitution that included such things as a raise in legislative pay, an increase in the governor's appointive powers, and a merit system for state judges?
demographics.
When social scientists use population characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity, employment, and income to describe groups in society, they are using
Hernandez v. State of Texas
Which court case argued that Latinos, although white, were "a class apart" and suffered discrimination on the basis of their "class"?
Sweatt v. Painter
Which court case involved the University of Texas at Austin encouraging African-American students to go out of state to attend law school?
The receiving government must meet minimum standards of federal law.
Which is NOT a condition of categorical grant programs?
It is the longest of all the state constitutions
Which is NOT a correct statement about the present-day Texas Constitution?
It is the longest state constitution.
Which is NOT a correct statement about the present-day Texas Constitution?
In spite of this amendment, the U.S. Supreme Court in McCulloch v. Maryland permitted federal action through implied powers.
Which is a correct statement about the Tenth Amendment?
Martial Property Act
Which legislation granted married women equal rights in insurance, banking, real estate, contracts, divorce, child custody, and property rights?
referendum
Which method of election permits voters to determine if an ordinance or statute will go into effect?
Women are more likely to self-identify as Democrats than are men.
Which of the following accurately represents the partisan identity of Texans?
Voter participation in Texas is historically low
Which of the following can be said regarding voter participation among Texans?
greater administrative flexibility
Which of the following describes a feature of block grants, and one that is preferred by states?
Geography
Which of the following is NOT a primary agent of socialization that helps to develop a political culture?
The area's residents have strong ties to the German, Czech and Polish cultures
Which of the following is NOT correct about the modern South and Far West Texas area known as the Texas Border?
Senators serve six-year terms and representatives serve four-year terms
Which of the following is NOT true of the Texas legislature?
Plural Executive
Which of the following provided for in the Texas Constitution weakens the governor's power?
Passing legislation to reduce the number of abortions
Which of the following public policy issues has been supported by the Texas legislature?
writ of habeas corpus
Which of the following refers to a court order to present a person and show the legal cause for confining the individual?
Almost half of all Texans identify as conservative.
Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the ideology of Texans?
Article I, Section 8
Which power gives the U.S. Congress the authority to create rules for immigration and naturalization?
Gulf Coast
Which region of Texas has experienced continuous growth because of discoveries at Spindletop?
Fundamentalist Protestantism
Which religion has permeated the political, social, and cultural activities of East Texas?
German Hill Country
Which socially and politically conservative region of Texas is experiencing residential growth from rapidly expanding urban areas, especially from San Antonio and Austin?
Texas Ethics Commission
Which state agency is permitted to recommend salary increases for legislators?
Democrats seeking reform of big government associated with the Reconstruction
Who were the Texas Grangers?
political culture
reflects the political values and beliefs of a people
