Unit 1

A woman comes in for her annual gynecological examination and informs the nurse that she is going to try and become pregnant. She asks the nurse when the best time in the month is to become pregnant. What is the best response by the nurse? "3 days before until 2 days after ovulation." "2 weeks before and 2 weeks after ovulation." "The day after your menstrual cycle ends." "5 days after your menstrual cycle is to begin."

"3 days before until 2 days after ovulation."

A pregnant woman undergoing amniocentesis asks her nurse why the baby needs this fluid. What would be an accurate response from the nurse? "Amniotic fluid supplies the food your baby needs to grow." "Amniotic fluid keeps the fetus from moving freely inside it to prevent injury." "Amniotic fluid cushions your baby to prevent injury." "Amniotic fluid provides fetal blood circulation."A nurse is asked to auscultate the fetal heart sounds in a pregnant client.

"Amniotic fluid cushions your baby to prevent injury."

A nurse is discussing sexual intercourse during pregnancy with a client. Which statement by the client would indicate that learning has occurred? "My belly will get in the way, so we will not be able to have intercourse." "If I have an orgasm, I might go into labor." "As long as the baby and I both continue to do well, I can have intercourse." "The placenta might get a tear if I engaged in intercourse during the third trimester."

"As long as the baby and I both continue to do well, I can have intercourse."

A nursing instructor teaching a maternity course realizes a student needs more instruction upon overhearing the student make which of the following statements? "Different sexual positions can determine the sex of the fetus." "Timing sex at specific times during the menstrual cycle does not influence fetal gender." "Ingesting certain foods before intercourse has no bearing on the sex of the fetus." "Some couples mistakenly believe that they can influence the sex of the fetus."

"Different sexual positions can determine the sex of the fetus."

An obviously pregnant woman appears for her first prenatal visit. She reports a headache and generalized abdominal pain which has persisted over the past couple months. Which question should the nurse prioritize after determining the client is approximately 24 weeks' gestation, appears nervous, and is reluctant to have a full physical assessment? "Do you have a family history of thyroid disease?" "How much activity have you been able to fit into your schedule?" "Do you feel safe at home?" "Have you been taking a prenatal vitamin?"

"Do you feel safe at home?"

The nurse is providing care for a pregnant client who has been given the necessary requisitions for laboratory work by the primary care provider. The client notices that the lab tests include testing for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, and expresses alarm, stating, "I don't understand why the doctor would suspect that I've got these diseases." What is the nurse's most therapeutic statement? "Every pregnant client is tested for these diseases; it doesn't necessarily suggest that the doctor suspects that you have them." "Pregnancy is a major change, so every member of the care team makes sure that your health is assessed carefully." "Unfortunately, these infections have the potential to harm the fetus. It's important that the doctor identifies them early in your pregnancy." "Sexually transmitted infections are much more common than most people believe."

"Every pregnant client is tested for these diseases; it doesn't necessarily suggest that the doctor suspects that you have them."

A nurse is providing education to a client with infertility concerns. Which statement by the client indicates appropriate understanding of the Spinnbarkeit Test? "I will need to purchase a microscope and look for a fern-like pattern from a sample of my cervical mucus to indicate when I am ovulating." "At midpoint in my menstrual cycle, I need to come to the clinic for a cervical exam looking for color changes to my cervical mucus." "I will need to purchase an over-the-counter ovulation kit that will tell me when I am currently ovulating." "Halfway in my cycle I will need to check my cervical mucus to see if I can stretch it into long strands, indicating I am close to ovulating.

"Halfway in my cycle I will need to check my cervical mucus to see if I can stretch it into long strands, indicating I am close to ovulating.

The nurse is assessing a client's risk for sexually transmitted infections. Which statement by the client would be cause for concern? "I only want my family to see the baby after it is born." "I am unsure who the father of the baby is. I will be raising it alone." "I needed Rho(D) immune globulin after my last pregnancy. Will I need it again?" "I am not sure if I want to keep the baby. It is a hard decision."

"I am unsure who the father of the baby is. I will be raising it alone."

After delivery, a postpartum mother discusses nutritional needs with her nurse related to breastfeeding. Which statement by the mother demonstrates an understanding of the nurse's teaching on the subject? "The amount of milk I will produce is dependent upon my calcium intake while I am nursing." "My baby will take much of my protein through the breast milk, so I will supplement my diet with fruit and cheeses. "I will need to eat more meat and whole grains to increase my zinc intake while I am nursing." "My iron intake will be adequate if I increase my intake of milk and vegetables."

"I will need to eat more meat and whole grains to increase my zinc intake while I am nursing."

The nurse is teaching the pregnant woman about nutrition for herself and her baby. Which statement by the woman indicates that the teaching was effective? "Milk production requires higher levels of calcium; therefore, if I am going to breastfeed, I must take a calcium supplement during pregnancy." "I can eat any seafood that I like because it contains phosphorus, which is a nutrient that pregnant women need." "Because I am pregnant, I can eat anything I want and not worry about weight gain." "I will need to take iron supplementation throughout my pregnancy even if I am not anemic."

"I will need to take iron supplementation throughout my pregnancy even if I am not anemic."

A 12-year-old girl expresses concern to the nurse because she has not begun her period yet. The nurse notes that the girl has grown 6 inches in the past year and a half and is beginning to develop breast buds. Which response by the nurse is appropriate? "You sound concerned about not having your period. Is there a bigger issue bothering you?" "It is normal for females to begin menstruating between the ages of 12 and 15." "The average age to being you period is 12. I will notify the primary health care provider." "It's difficult to say when you'll get your period but you should not be concerned at this time."

"It is normal for females to begin menstruating between the ages of 12 and 15."

Which statement by a pregnant client would validate that she understood the nurse's teaching regarding the risk of venous stasis during pregnancy? "The increase in my blood volume and increased clotting factors can cause me to bleed more at delivery." "If I lie down on my back, I will be less likely to develop blood clots in my legs." "My clotting times and bleeding times will be unchanged during this pregnancy even though I am at higher risk of clots in my leg vein." "My clotting factors will be unchanged during pregnancy but I must be careful to not cross my legs at anytime."

"My clotting times and bleeding times will be unchanged during this pregnancy even though I am at higher risk of clots in my leg vein."

A pregnant client is concerned that the baby is going to drown in the uterus because of the fluid. What should the nurse teach the client about fetal respiration? "You are breathing for the baby." "Oxygen is provided to the baby through the placenta." "The baby's lungs can accommodate all of the fluid." "The baby's breathing is very minor until delivery."

"Oxygen is provided to the baby through the placenta."

The nurse educates a client who is confused about her ovarian cycle. Which client statement would best validate her understanding of the education? "When I ovulate, there is a follicle on my uterus that forms showing that an ova was released." "My menstrual cycles are controlled by progesterone production." "Two hormones control my ovulation, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)." "I will ovulate every month on Day 21 of my cycle."

"Two hormones control my ovulation, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)."

A client is about 16 weeks' pregnant and is concerned because she feels her "abdomen" contracting. She calls the primary care provider's office and speaks to the nurse. What is the nurse's most appropriate response to this client's concern? "You have nothing to be concerned about. I am sure you are not feeling contractions at this point in your pregnancy." "You need to go to the emergency room right away." "What you are feeling are called Braxton Hicks contractions. They are considered practice contractions during pregnancy." "You need to come to the office to be examined."

"What you are feeling are called Braxton Hicks contractions. They are considered practice contractions during pregnancy."

During the interview portion of her first prenatal visit, a woman reports she thinks she may have a vaginal infection. When questioned, she reports the discharge is thick, greenish-yellow, and she is very uncomfortable. She reports she thinks it is "yeast." How should the nurse reply? "You have a sexually transmitted infection." "You may have chlamydia so we will need to perform a pelvic exam." "Yeast is usually a thick, cheesy, white discharge so we will need to evaluate it during the pelvic exam." "You are describing gonorrhea."

"Yeast is usually a thick, cheesy, white discharge so we will need to evaluate it during the pelvic exam."

A woman with epilepsy was on phenytoin when she became pregnant. She is very worried that her baby will have a birth defect. Which reply by the nurse is most therapeutic? "Please don't worry. Phenytoin is a very safe medication and unlikely to cause a birth defect." "Yes, phenytoin increases the risk of certain defects in the fetus; however, overall the risk is low that your baby will be affected. Your doctor weighs the risk of untreated epilepsy on the fetus with the risk of the medication when making decisions about your treatment plan." "All substances and medications increase the risk of birth defects when you are pregnant. It is very important for you to discontinue any medications or over-the-counter medications immediately. This is the best way you can protect your baby." "Yes, there is a very high risk that your fetus will have major birth defects. Your doctor will most likely switch you to a safer medication. Are you on any other medications?"

"Yes, phenytoin increases the risk of certain defects in the fetus; however, overall the risk is low that your baby will be affected. Your doctor weighs the risk of untreated epilepsy on the fetus with the risk of the medication when making decisions about your treatment plan."

A primigravida at her 12-week prenatal visit expresses concern that she hasn't felt her baby move yet. What is the best response from the nurse? "You usually cannot feel them until approximately 16 to 20 weeks." "Fetal movements can be felt at 13 weeks." "You won't be able to feel movements until you lie down and concentrate on them." "You should start to feel fetal movements within the next few weeks."

"You usually cannot feel them until approximately 16 to 20 weeks."

The nurse is preparing a client for a chorionic villus sampling procedure. Which factor should the nurse point out in the teaching session to the client? "The results should be available in about 2 weeks." "This test is very helpful for identifying spinal defects." "Afterward, you can resume your exercise program." "You'll have an ultrasound first and then the test."

"You'll have an ultrasound first and then the test."

A woman's prepregnant weight is within the normal range. During her second trimester, the nurse would determine that the woman is gaining the appropriate amount of weight when her weight increases by which amount per week? 1 lb (0.45 kg) 2/3 lb (0.30 kg) 2 lb (0.90 kg) 1.5 lb (0.68 kg)

1 lb (0.45 kg)

The pediatrician's nurse is educating the mother of a young preadolescent girl. She advises the mother that puberty is marked by the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics and maturation of the reproductive organs. The mother asks the nurse when this will happen. The nurse's reply is based on her knowledge that puberty usually occurs between: 12 and 14 years of age. 10 and 14 years of age. 10 and 12 years of age. 14 and 16 years of age.

10 and 14 years of age.

The nurse assesses a 20-week gestational client at a routine prenatal visit. What will the nurse predict the fundal height to be on this client experiencing an uneventful pregnancy? 20 cm 16 cm 12 cm 24 cm

20 cm

A client who is attempting to conceive and menstruates regularly every 30 days asks the nurse what is her probable day of ovulation. The client indicates that her last menses started on the 6th of the month. What is the best response by the nurse? 31st 17th 10th 22nd

22nd

The nurse is reviewing client data following a regular monthly appointment at 6 months' gestation. Which fundal height requires no further intervention? 32 cm 24 cm 18 cm 30 cm

24 cm

A primigravida client has presented for her first prenatal visit and is concerned about the potential weight gain and the struggle to lose the weight after the baby's birth. How much weight should the nurse recommend this client with a normal BMI gain during her pregnancy to ensure a healthy fetus? 10 to 15 lbs 20 to 25 lbs 30 to 35 lbs 15 to 20 lbs

30 to 35 lbs

A woman is in her early second trimester of pregnancy. The nurse would instruct the woman to return for a follow-up visit every: 2 weeks. 3 weeks. 4 weeks. 1 week.

4 weeks

How should the nurse document a pregnant client's gestational status using the GTPAL system after collecting the following data? Currently 18 weeks pregnantClient's fourth pregnancyDelivered one nonviable fetus at 26 weeksExperienced one miscarriageDelivered one viable fetus at 38 weeks' gestation 4, 2, 2, 1, 1 3, 2, 1, 1, 1 4, 1, 1, 1, 1 3, 2, 1, 2, 1

4, 1, 1, 1, 1

A woman tells the nurse that she is going to use a home pregnancy test to determine whether she is pregnant. Which precautions should the nurse give her? Wait until after two missed menstrual periods. Refrain from eating for 4 hours before testing. Arrange for prenatal care if the test is positive. Use a diluted urine specimen.

Arrange for prenatal care if the test is positive.

The nurse is examining a pregnant female in her third trimester and measuring to determine if fetal growth has increased. Where would the nurse place the measuring tape? At the level of the corpus Just below the pubis symphysis At the uterine isthmus At the top of the fundus

At the top of the fundus

Why is the first prenatal visit usually the longest prenatal visit? A pelvic exam with Papanicolaou test is performed. Extensive client teaching is done. Baseline data is collected. Laboratory tests are performed.

Baseline data is collected.

During an exam, the nurse notes that the blood pressure of a client at 22 weeks' gestation is lower, and her heart rate is 12 beats per minute higher than at her last visit. How should the nurse interpret these findings? The heart rate increase may indicate that the client is experiencing cardiac overload. Both findings are normal at this point of the pregnancy. Combined, both of these findings are very concerning and warrant further investigation. The blood pressure should be higher since the cardiac volume is increased.

Both findings are normal at this point of the pregnancy.

Which information provided by a client would be considered a presumptive sign of pregnancy? Breast tenderness Ballottement Weight gain Reports of increased hunger

Breast tenderness

The client at 32 weeks' gestation expresses concern regarding lower extremity edema and bulging leg veins. Which suggestions by the nurse are helpful? Select all that apply. Complete moderate exercise daily. Keep legs below the level of the heart. Wear compression stockings. Limit fluid intake to 1 liter daily. Avoid sudden position changes.

Complete moderate exercise daily. Wear compression stockings.

A woman has come to the clinic for her first prenatal visit. Which method would be the most effective way for the nurse to initiate data gathering for a health history? Ask her to complete a written questionnaire concerning her past and present status. Wait until she is in the examining room and prepared for her physical examination. Ask her some basic questions in the waiting room before taking her to the examining room. Conduct an interview in a private room to obtain her health history.

Conduct an interview in a private room to obtain her health history.

The client states that the first day of her last menstrual period is March 23. The nurse is most correct to calculate using Naegele rule that the estimated date of delivery is: November 23 December 16 January 30 December 30

December 30

Which equipment is most appropriate when auscultating fetal heart sounds at the 12th week? Doppler stethoscope tocodynometer fetoscope

Doppler

Spermatogenesis is the process by which primary spermatocytes become mature sperm. When does spermatogenesis begin? When secondary sex characteristics begin to develop Late school age Before birth During puberty

During puberty

In the resolution phase of sexual response, which response would be most commonly noted in the male? Rectal muscles contract Erection is lost Scrotal sac thickens Testes are elevated against the perineum

Erection is lost

A couple comes to the clinic asking questions regarding getting pregnant. The nurse explains that fertilization normally occurs in what structure of the woman's body? Ovarian surface Uterine isthmus Uterine corpus Fallopian tube

Fallopian tube

The nurse completes an assessment of an adolescent client's menstrual pattern. Which finding should the nurse identify as being within normal limits? Menstruation started at age 10 years. The usual cycle is 19 days. Flow usually lasts 4 to 6 days. The average amount of flow is 500 ml.

Flow usually lasts 4 to 6 days.

Fetal circulation differs from the circulatory path of the newborn infant. In utero the fetus has a hole connecting the right and left atria of the heart. This allows oxygenated blood to quickly pass to the major organs of the body. What is this hole called? Foramen arteriosus Foramen venosus Foramen magnum Foramen ovale

Foramen ovale

Which information is most important in order to decrease the risk of complications if the client decides to work until her due date? Eat light meals Frequent rest periods Adequate sleep Flat shoes

Frequent rest periods

A male client asks the health care provider what is contained within his semen. The provider would inform the client that semen is composed of which of the following? Select all that apply. Acidic secretions Fructose Mucous from the bulbourethral (Cowper) glands Prostatic fluid Sperm

Fructose Mucous from the bulbourethral (Cowper) glands Prostatic fluid Sperm

A nurse is collecting data during an admission assessment of a client who is pregnant with twins. The client has a 4-year-old child who was delivered at 38 weeks' gestation and tells the nurse that she does have a history of spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) within the first trimester. The nurse is correct to document the history as: G = 1, T = 1, P = 1, A = 0, L = 1 G = 2, T = 0, P = 0, A = 0, L = 1 G = 4, T = 2, P = 0, A = 0, L = 1 G = 3, T = 1, P = 0, A = 1, L = 1

G = 3, T = 1, P = 0, A = 1, L = 1

A pregnant woman comes to the clinic for a prenatal visit for her third pregnancy. She reveals she had a previous miscarriage at 12 weeks and her 3-year-old son was born at 32 weeks. How should the nurse document this woman's obstetric history? G3, T1, P0, A2, L1 G2, T1, P2, A1, L2 G2, T0, P1, A1, L1 G3, T0, P1, A1, L1

G3, T0, P1, A1, L1

A client at 16 weeks' gestation comes to the office for a routine exam. At what location within the abdomen would the nurse anticipate the uterus to be found? At the level of the umbilicus Halfway between the symphysis pubis and the umbilicus At the xiphoid process Below the symphysis pubis

Halfway between the symphysis pubis and the umbilicus

During a vaginal exam, the nurse notes that the lower uterine segment is softened. The nurse documents this finding as: Goodell sign. Chadwick sign. Ortolani sign. Hegar sign.

Hegar sign.

The nurse is caring for a neonate whose mother received no medical care for either of her pregnancies. When assessing the neonate's status, which would indicate a potential A, B, and O incompatibility? Hemolytic anemia Electrolyte deficiencies Abnormal bleeding Hypothyroidism

Hemolytic anemia

A pregnant mother may experience constipation and the increased pressure in the veins below the uterus can lead to development of what problem? Umbilical hernia Hemorrhoids Gastrointestinal reflux Varicose veins

Hemorrhoids

While in utero, a fetus swallows many substances that are deposited in the fetal intestinal system as meconium. What problem can arise from this occurrence? The fetus can become constipated following birth. Abdominal distension occurs and infection can set in. If the fetus becomes stressed, the meconium is released into the amniotic fluid, placing the fetus at risk for pneumonia. Meconium-stained fluids cause an increased risk of jaundice.

If the fetus becomes stressed, the meconium is released into the amniotic fluid, placing the fetus at risk for pneumonia.

A student nurse is preparing for a presentation that will illustrate the various physiologic changes in the woman's body during pregnancy. Which cardiovascular changes up through the 26th week should the student point out? Decreased pulse rate and increased blood pressure No change in pulse rate or blood pressure Increased pulse rate and decreased blood pressure Increased pulse rate and blood pressure

Increased pulse rate and decreased blood pressure

The nursing student correctly identifies what information about oogenesis? It begins at puberty in the male. It is the process by which somatic cells give birth to daughter cells. It is the process by which gametes undergo two sequential cellular divisions of the nucleus. It begins in the ovaries before birth but is not fully complete until the childbearing years.

It begins in the ovaries before birth but is not fully complete until the childbearing years.

When explaining what will occur during the first prenatal visit physical examination, a pregnant client asks why a Papanicolaou test is being done at this time. What should the nurse respond to the client? It predicts whether cervical cancer will occur. It helps to date the pregnancy. It detects if uterine cancer is present. It detects cancer cells of the cervix, vulva, or vagina.

It detects cancer cells of the cervix, vulva, or vagina.

Why is a Papanicolaou test done at the first prenatal visit? It identifies abnormal cervical cells. It helps to date the pregnancy. It detects if uterine cancer is present. It predicts whether cervical cancer will occur.

It identifies abnormal cervical cells.

The nurse is reviewing the functions of the ovaries, uterus, clitoris, and vagina with a group of nursing students. What would be the best response by a nursing student about the function of the uterus? It receives the fertilized ovum and provides housing and nourishment for a fetus. It is a small erectile structure that responds to sexual stimulation. It receives sperm, provides an exit for menstrual flow, and serves as the birth canal. It produces female gametes or ova and secretes female sex hormones.

It receives the fertilized ovum and provides housing and nourishment for a fetus.

As part of caring for childbearing families, the nurse must be able to educate families regarding which topic? Knowledge of reproductive anatomy and physiology The best hospital for delivery of their babies The cost of obstetrical and neonatal care Proper selection of a physician

Knowledge of reproductive anatomy and physiology

During a preconception teaching session, the nurse tells participants to increase their intake of which food groups to reduce the incidence of neural tube disorders? Select all that apply. Orange fruits Sunflower seeds Milk Lean meats Leafy green vegetables

Leafy green vegetables Sunflower seeds Orange fruits

What physiological changes would be noted in a pregnant woman? Select all that apply. Lordosis Delayed gastric emptying and decreased peristalsis Enlarged pituitary gland Increased hemoglobin and hematocrit Decreased prolactin levels

Lordosis Delayed gastric emptying and decreased peristalsis Enlarged pituitary gland

A client with a 28-day cycle reports that she ovulated on May 10. When would the nurse expect the client's next menses to begin? May 24 June 1 May 30 May 26

May 24

With sexual stimulation the penis becomes erect. What is the physiologic cause of an erection? The fascia becomes firm. Veins in the shaft of the penis vasoconstrict. Penile sinuses fill up with blood. The corpus cavernous vasodilates.

Penile sinuses fill up with blood.

Amniotic fluid is produced throughout the pregnancy by the fetal membranes. Amniotic fluid has four major functions. What is one of these functions? Provide fluid to keep the fetus hydrated Physical protection Restriction of movement Medium in which to test organ maturity

Physical protection

The partner of a pregnant client in her first trimester asks the nurse about the client's behavior recently, stating that she is very moody, seems happy one moment and is crying the next and all she wants to talk about is herself. What response would correctly address these concerns? Her body is changing and she may be angry about it. Moodiness and irritability are not usual responses to pregnancy. Pregnant women often experience mood swings and self-centeredness but this is normal. What you are describing may be normal but we need to talk to her more in depth.

Pregnant women often experience mood swings and self-centeredness but this is normal.

What effect does progesterone have on normal gallbladder function? Progesterone interferes with gallbladder contraction, leading to stasis of bile. It has no effect on the gallbladder. Bile will be produced at a more rapid rate due to the progesterone. The gallbladder will hypertrophy.

Progesterone interferes with gallbladder contraction, leading to stasis of bile.

When a man ejaculates, his sperm begin a long and arduous journey to fertilize the woman's ovum. What in the semen produces smooth muscle contractions in the uterus to help the sperm along on their journey? Amino acids Prostaglandins Testosterone Hormones

Prostaglandins

What is the intended purpose of the alkaline environment of prostatic fluids found in ejaculation? Select all that apply. Increasing fertility of the female Enhancement of sperm longevity Reducing prostatic infections Nourishment of sperm Protection of sperm

Protection of sperm Nourishment of sperm

When describing perinatal education to a pregnant woman and her partner, the nurse emphasizes which goal as the primary one? Eliminate anxiety so that they can have an uncomplicated birth. Equip a couple with the knowledge to experience a pain-free birth. Empower the couple to totally control the birth process. Provide knowledge and skills to actively participate in birth and parenting.

Provide knowledge and skills to actively participate in birth and parenting.

A client comes to the clinic with concerns about her pregnancy. She is in her first trimester and is now experiencing moderate abdominal pain on the right side. What would be the nurse's first action? Obtain a detailed 24-hour intake to determine if the pain is related to what she has eaten. Encourage her to ambulate since gas pains are common in early pregnancy. Recommend an abdominal ultrasound to the doctor since this may be ectopic pregnancy. Reassure the mother that this is normal as the baby is implanting into the uterus.

Recommend an abdominal ultrasound to the doctor since this may be ectopic pregnancy.

A nurse is developing a plan of care for a 7-year-old client with precocious puberty. Which would be the priority nursing diagnosis for this client? Risk for disturbance in body image related to early development of secondary sex characteristics. Risk for back pain related to early breast tissue development. Risk for high-risk sexual behaviors related to early development of secondary sex characteristics. Risk for anxiety related to bullying activities from development of secondary sex characteristics.

Risk for disturbance in body image related to early development of secondary sex characteristics.

The nurse is counseling a young woman who has just entered her second trimester, after an uneventful first trimester. She tells the nurse, "It still doesn't seem real. It's just hard to believe that I will really have a baby." Which future events should the nurse point out that will help the young woman come to believe it is real? Select all that apply. Giving up alcohol Receiving a positive result on a pregnancy test Seeing an ultrasound image of the baby Feeling the baby kick Taking prenatal vitamins

Seeing an ultrasound image of the baby Feeling the baby kick

A newly married female is talking to the nurse about her desire to get pregnant soon. Which suggestion would the nurse make to assist this client? It is recommended to check her mucus and have intercourse when the mucus is opaque and scant. If ovulation occurs on Day 14 of her menstrual cycle, she should have intercourse one week later on Day 21. If she has irregular menstrual cycles, that should not interfere with her conceiving as long as she has intercourse on the same days every month. Sexual intercourse should occur between Day 13 and 15 of her menstrual cycle.

Sexual intercourse should occur between Day 13 and 15 of her menstrual cycle.

The client is 32 weeks' pregnant and has been referred for a biophysical profile (BPP) after a nonreassuring nonstress test (NST). Which statement made by the client indicates that the nurse's explanation of the procedure was effective? The BPP is a diagnostic procedure whereby a needle is inserted into the amniotic sac to obtain fluid. The BPP is an ultrasound that measures breathing, body movement, tone, and amniotic fluid volume. The BPP is a blood test to detect placental problems. The BPP is a screening for neural tube defects.

The BPP is an ultrasound that measures breathing, body movement, tone, and amniotic fluid volume.

A pregnant client at 24 weeks' gestation calls the clinic crying after a prenatal visit, where she had a pelvic exam. She states that she noticed blood on the tissue when she wiped after voiding. What initial statement by the nurse would explain this finding? Some bleeding during pregnancy is not uncommon and this finding is expected. The cervix is very vascular during pregnancy, so spotting after a pelvic exam is not unusual. She may have a bleeding disorder so she needs to come back to the clinic for blood work. It is possible she is losing her mucus plug, which can cause bloody show.

The cervix is very vascular during pregnancy, so spotting after a pelvic exam is not unusual.

The nurse-midwife is performing a pelvic examination on a client who came to her following a positive home pregnancy test. The nurse checks the woman's cervix for the probable sign of pregnancy known as Goodell sign. Which description illustrates this alteration? The lower uterine segment softens. The fundus enlarges. The cervix looks blue or purple when examined. The cervix softens.

The cervix softens

A young male client asks the nurse about circumcision, since he was never circumcised as an infant. Which rationale would be appropriate for exploring circumcision in an adult male? The client has experienced recurring infections of the glans. His scrotum appears uneven with one testicle higher than the other. The client is experiencing premature ejaculation. The foreskin appears to cover the glans of the penis.

The client has experienced recurring infections of the glans.

A multigravida client is concerned that she may deliver early. When asking the nurse what is the earliest her baby can be delivered and survive, which time frame would the nurse point out? The end of the first trimester The end of the fourth trimester The end of the second trimester The end of the third trimester

The end of the second trimester

Many couples attempt to influence the gender of the child they are trying to conceive by using special sexual positions, eating special food, or having intercourse at specific times. None of these are factors in the determination of the gender of the conceptus. What has research shown about gender determination? Male gametes carry only Y chromosomes. Female determines the sex of the conceptus. There is a 50-50 chance of having a male or a female. Female gametes can have either X or Y chromosomes.

There is a 50-50 chance of having a male or a female.

A nurse in an obstetric clinic is preparing the staff for a prenatal appointment with an incarcerated pregnant woman. What does the nurse explain is the main difference when an incarcerated client comes to the clinic? There will be correction officers with the woman throughout her appointment. The woman will receive limited prenatal care. The woman will have follow-up appointments at the prison. The woman will be handcuffed and wearing shackles during her appointment. There is no difference when incarcerated women come to the clinic.

There will be correction officers with the woman throughout her appointment.

The nurse is reviewing the functions of the ovaries, uterus, clitoris, and vagina with a group of nursing students. What would be the correct response by a nursing student about the function of the ovaries? They produce female gametes or ova and secrete female sex hormones. They are a small erectile structure that responds to sexual stimulation. They receive the fertilized ovum and provide housing and nourishment for a fetus. They receive sperm, provide an exit for menstrual flow, and serve as the birth canal.

They produce female gametes or ova and secrete female sex hormones.

The nurse is explaining about the function of the mons pubis to a client. Which explanation describes the function of the mons pubis? To enhance sexual pleasure To serve as the receptacle for sperm To allow for stretching during birth To protect the pelvic bones during sexual intercourse

To protect the pelvic bones during sexual intercourse

A nursing student studying reproduction identifies which of the following statements to be correct? All 23 pairs of chromosomes are autosomes. Not all chromosomes are composed of genes. Twenty-two of the 23 pairs of chromosomes are autosomes and the remaining pair is the sex chromosomes. The nucleus of each soma cell contains 23 chromosomes.

Twenty-two of the 23 pairs of chromosomes are autosomes and the remaining pair is the sex chromosomes.

The nursing instructor is explaining the nursing care that is given to a client during her pregnancy. The instructor determines the session is successful when the students correctly choose which method will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the nursing care they will provide? Ask the client to respond to a preprinted survey about nursing care. Verify that desired outcomes for identified goals have been met. Identify the nursing diagnoses for the specific client. Interview the client on her first postpartum visit about the nursing care she have received.

Verify that desired outcomes for identified goals have been met.

The nurse is explaining the phases of the uterine cycle to a client. What action during the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle should the nurse include in the teaching session with the client? While the ovarian follicles are producing increased amounts of estrogen, the endometrium prepares for possible fertilization with pronounced growth. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, and hormonal levels fall. An ovum matures and is released. Withdrawal of hormones causes the endometrial cells to change, and menstruation begins.

While the ovarian follicles are producing increased amounts of estrogen, the endometrium prepares for possible fertilization with pronounced growth.

A client makes an appointment at the prenatal clinic because she thinks she might be pregnant. Which assessment is a probable sign of pregnancy? nausea and vomiting enlargement and darkening of areola amenorrhea a positive pregnancy test

a positive pregnancy test

The fluid-filled, inner membrane sac surrounding the fetus is which structure? decidua endometrium chorion amnion

amnion

During pregnancy, the cardinal rule concerning medications and herbal remedies is that all drugs cross the placenta and have a potential impact on the fetus. What is one disease where treatment must continue during pregnancy? gastritis gout asthma cholelithiasis

asthma

A woman has just learned that she is pregnant and would like to know how soon she can find out via ultrasound the sex of her fetus. The nurse should respond with which of the following? at about 4 months at about 2 months at about 6 months Fetal gender can only be determined by analysis of maternal serum.

at about 4 months

The nurse understands that the maternal uterus should be at what location at 20 weeks' gestation? at the level near the bottom of the sternum three finger-breadths above the umbilicus at the level of the umbilicus at the level of the symphysis pubis

at the level of the umbilicus

The nurse is examining a woman who came to the clinic because she thinks she is pregnant. Which data collected by the nurse are presumptive signs of her pregnancy? Select all that apply. hydatidiform mole fetal heartbeat ultrasound pictures morning sickness amenorrhea breast changes

breast changes amenorrhea morning sickness

During a prenatal visit, the nurse inspects the skin of the client's abdomen. Which would the nurse identify as an abnormal finding? striae darkening of the umbilicus bruising linea nigra

bruising

What is the major concern for a lactose intolerant woman who is pregnant? vitamin D deficiency calcium deficiency dangerous symptom of abdominal cramping nausea and vomiting

calcium deficiency

Which body system is most affected throughout the embryonic and fetal period by teratogens? gastrointestinal system musculoskeletal system central nervous system genitourinary system

central nervous system

Before beginning the initial prenatal examination, a nurse should instruct a client to complete what procedure before undressing? ultrasound for fetal measurements measurement of fundal height clean-catch urine initial blood tests

clean-catch urine

As part of the assessment of a client's health history during the first prenatal visit, the nurse is having the client complete a 24-hour recall to establish what and how much the woman is eating. In which section of the health history should the nurse record this information? chief concern day history/social profile history of past illnesses demographic data

day history/social profile

A pregnant client comes to the prenatal clinic complaining of urinary frequency and lower back pain on the right, stating that this has never happened before. An exam validates the diagnosis of pyelonephritis. Which factor would contribute to this condition? drinking too many caffeinated liquids dilated renal pelvis from pregnancy decreased peristalsis of urinary tract increased glomerular filtration rate

decreased peristalsis of urinary tract

While conducting the first prenatal health history visit, the nurse learns that a pregnant client is taking various herbal remedies and over-the-counter medications for minor ailments. Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse identify as being appropriate for the client at this time? deficient knowledge regarding exposure to teratogens during pregnancy health-seeking behaviors related to guidelines for nutrition and activity during pregnancy risk for injury to fetus related to lifestyle choices health-seeking behaviors related to strong cultural desire to have a healthy child

deficient knowledge regarding exposure to teratogens during pregnancy

Which assessment finding in the pregnant woman at 12 weeks' gestation should the nurse find most concerning? The inability to: hear the fetal heartbeat with a stethoscope. feel fetal movements. detect fetal heart sounds with a Doppler. palpate the fetal outline.

detect fetal heart sounds with a Doppler.

The nurse is assessing a 13-year-old girl. Which event would the nurse expect to have occurred first? evidence of pubic hair onset of menses development of breast buds growth spurt

development of breast buds

The nurse is assessing a 13-year-old girl. Which event would the nurse expect to have occurred first? evidence of pubic hair onset of menses growth spurt development of breast buds

development of breast buds

During an assessment, a client who is 5 months pregnant tells the nurse that she has to change her diet because she is just becoming too fat. Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse use to guide interventions for the client at this time? disturbed body image powerlessness deficient knowledge imbalanced nutrition

disturbed body image

Some pregnant women hire a trained professional to provide support during pregnancy and birth, to provide emotional support during labor and birth, and to aid in establishing breastfeeding. What is the name of the woman who takes this role? pregnancy aide doula partera midwife

doula

A woman is 10 weeks' pregnant and tells the nurse that this pregnancy was unplanned and she has no real family support. The nurse's most therapeutic response would be to: offer to meet with the client on a regular basis to provide her someone to talk to about her concerns. encourage her to identify someone that she can talk to and share the pregnancy experience. remind her that she is still early in the pregnancy and she will feel better about it as the pregnancy progresses. tell her to move home so her family will be nearby to help her.

encourage her to identify someone that she can talk to and share the pregnancy experience.

A nursing student is explaining to a newly pregnant woman what happens during each stage of fetal development. At which stage does the nurse inform the woman that the lungs are fully shaped? end of 4 weeks end of 16 weeks end of 8 weeks end of 12 weeks

end of 16 weeks

The nurse is caring for a client who has a retroverted uterus. The nurse would explain that this means her: uterus is anterior to the bladder. cervix is located behind the Douglas cul-de-sac. uterus is bent sharply backward at the cervix. entire uterus is tipped backward.

entire uterus is tipped backward.

During a prenatal class for a group of new mothers, the nurse is describing the hormones produced by the placenta. What hormones would the nurse include? Select all that apply. prolactin progestin human chorionic somatomammotropin estriol relaxin

estriol relaxin progestin human chorionic somatomammotropin

A school nurse who is teaching a health course at the local high school is presenting information on human development and sexuality. When talking about the role of hormones in sexual development, which hormone does the nurse teach the class is the most important for developing and maintaining the female reproductive organs? follicle-stimulating hormone progesterone androgens estrogen

estrogen

What is a positive sign of pregnancy? Hegar sign positive pregnancy test uterine contractions fetal movement felt by examiner

fetal movement felt by examiner

After an examination, an advanced practice nurse confirms that a client is pregnant. What did the nurse assess in this client? Select all that apply. fetal heart rate separate from the client's painful breast tissue positive pregnancy test visualization of the fetus by ultrasound fetal movements felt by the nurse

fetal movements felt by the nurse visualization of the fetus by ultrasound fetal heart rate separate from the client's

An expectant mother is on heparin for previous blood clots and voicing concerns about how her medications will affect her baby. The nurse would inform the mother that: any medication that an expectant mother takes can cause sequelae for the infant. it is recommended to stop taking the heparin while she is pregnant. she should discontinue the heparin and change to another anticoagulant. heparin does not cross the placenta and is safe for her to take.

heparin does not cross the placenta and is safe for her to take.

Which change in the musculoskeletal system would the nurse mention when teaching a group of pregnant women about the physiologic changes of pregnancy? increased lordosis decreased swayback joint contraction ligament tightening

increased lordosis

Increased pigmentation on the face of some pregnant women is called: melanotropin striae gravidarum (stretch marks) nigra melasma (chloasma)

melasma (chloasma)

A 47-year-old woman is being seen at the local clinic reporting irregular menstrual cycles. The nurse would explain to the client that the irregularity is most likely due to: hormonal fluctuations. pregnancy. menopause. an underlying endocrine problem.

menopause

A woman has just given birth to a healthy term newborn. Upon assessing the umbilical cord, the nurse would identify what findings as normal? Select all that apply. one ligament one vein one artery two veins two arteries two ligaments

one vein two arteries

The nurse is assessing the latest laboratory results of a pregnant client who is at 17 weeks' gestation. The nurse should prepare to teach the client about which possible defects after noting the maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein level is above normal? maternal hypertension fetal hypoxia Down syndrome open spinal defects

open spinal defects

The nurse is preparing to teach a community class to a group of first-time parents. Which information should the nurse include concerning what the pregnant woman's partner may experience as a normal response? desire to be the woman and give birth no changes, only the mother has changes during pregnancy physical symptoms similar to the mother feeling distanced from the mother

physical symptoms similar to the mother

After teaching a class on the stages of fetal development, the nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the group identifies which stages? Select all that apply. placental fetal umbilical embryonic pre-embryonic

pre-embryonic embryonic fetal

In a client's seventh month of pregnancy, she reports feeling "dizzy, like I'm going to pass out, when I lie down flat on my back." The nurse explains that this is due to: pressure of the presenting fetal part on the diaphragm. physiologic anemia due to hemoglobin decrease. a 50% increase in blood volume. pressure of the gravid uterus on the vena cava.

pressure of the gravid uterus on the vena cava.

The nurse is assessing a woman who is pregnant for the first time. Which of the following terms applies to this client? nulligravida primipara primigravida multipara

primigravida

A new mother voices concerns about breastfeeding her infant. The nurse would explain to the mother the two hormones that control lactation and letdown are: luteinizing hormone and hCG follicle-stimulating hormone and thyroid hormone. prolactin and oxytocin. estrogen and progesterone

prolactin and oxytocin.

Which two tests are generally performed on urine at a prenatal visit? protein and glucose pH and glucose protein and sodium occult blood and protein

protein and glucose

During a nonstress test, when monitoring the fetal heart rate, the nurse notes that when the expectant mother reports fetal movement, the heart rate increases 15 beats or more above the baseline. This occurs about 4 or 5 times during the testing period. The nurse interprets this as: reactive pattern. variable decelerations. a nonreactive pattern. fetal tachycardia.

reactive pattern.

After teaching a class on the female reproductive system, the nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the class identifies which action as the primary function of the ovaries? secreting estrogen and progesterone implanting a fertilized ovum carrying the ovum to the endometrium secreting mucus that supplies lubrication for intercourse

secreting estrogen and progesterone

The school nurse is teaching a health education class on the male reproductive system. The nurse determines the class is successful when the students correctly point out which structure produces sperm? scrotum testes prostate gland seminal vesicles

testes

What medication should the nurse advise a woman to discontinue prior to becoming pregnant because it will damage the developing dental and osseous tissue in the fetus? ibuprofen chemotherapy agents tetracycline acetaminophen

tetracycline

While triaging messages from the answering machine from clients with the following symptoms, which client would obtain the first visit of the day? the client at 11 weeks' gestation experiencing abdominal cramping the client at 6 weeks' gestation experiencing nausea and vomiting the client at 24 weeks' gestation experiencing frequent heartburn the client at 37 weeks' gestation experiencing shortness of breath

the client at 11 weeks' gestation experiencing abdominal cramping

The nurse is assisting a primigravida on calculating the due date of her baby using Naegele rule. The most important information provided by the mother is: the first day of the last menstrual period. the date that intercourse occurred. the last day of her menstrual period. the ovulation date between her periods.

the first day of the last menstrual period.

A school nurse is talking to an adolescent who asks about why she has monthly menstrual cycles. The best explanation that the nurse can offer regarding the menstrual phase is to tell her that: each month, her uterine lining thins out and vessels close to the surface begin to fill with blood. the uterine lining is being shed due to lowering of hormone levels. her hormones cause her to accumulate blood in the uterus from ovulation. her uterus fills up with blood each month and is passed during the menstrual cycle.

the uterine lining is being shed due to lowering of hormone levels.

The nurse is assessing a primigravida woman at a routine prenatal visit. Which assessment finding is reinforcing to the client that she is definitely pregnant? positive hCG blood result ultrasound picture of her fetus uterine growth continued amenorrhea

ultrasound picture of her fetus

There are two major functions of the reproductive system, continuation of the species and sexual pleasure. In the male, the reproductive system has a third function. What is this third function? elimination of solid wastes production of sex hormones stimulation of sexual maturation urinary elimination

urinary elimination

The nurse teaches a primigravida client that lightening occurs about 2 weeks before the onset of labor. The mother will most likely experience which of the following at that time? constipation urinary frequency dyspnea dysuria

urinary frequency

A nurse is assessing a pregnant client. Which of the following would the nurse document as an abnormal finding in a pregnancy? linea nigra lordosis pedal edema visual changes

visual changes

A pregnant client tells the nurse that she is not happy to learn about the pregnancy. At which point in the pregnancy does the nurse realize that the client will change her mind about the pregnancy? after the seventh month after lightening happens when quickening occurs around the third month

when quickening occurs

A fertilized ovum is known as which structure? zygote fetus chorion embryo

zygote