Unit 13

Counterconditioning techniques were derived from principles first developed by

Ivan Pavlov

Which drug has provided the most help to schizophrenia patients experiencing auditory hallucinations and paranoia?

Thorazine

Psychoanalysts are most likely to

attend to patients' positive and negative feelings toward their therapists

In a therapeutic setting, a client who wants to lose weight eats some favorite foods laced with a nausea-producing drug. Yet, outside the therapist's office, the client knows he or she can eat those foods without fear of nausea. This awareness contributes to the limited effectiveness of

aversion conditioning

To help Claire quit smoking, a therapist delivers an electric shock to her arm each time she smokes a cigarette. The therapist is using

aversive conditioning

The healing power of insight and self-awareness is LEAST likely to be emphasized by ________ therapists.

behavior

Which drug dampens responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli in schizophrenia patients with positive symptoms?

chlorpromazine

Research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy indicates that:

clients are generally satisfied with the effectiveness of therapy

Therapists' perceptions of the effectiveness of psychotherapy are likely to be misleading because

clients typically emphasize their problems at the start of therapy and their well-being at the end of therapy

Teaching people to stop blaming themselves for failures and negative circumstances beyond their control is of most direct concern to ________ therapists.

cognitive

Which form of psychotherapy is especially effective in coping with depression and reducing suicide risk?

cognitive therapy

In one study, people were taught to attribute their compulsive urges to abnormal brain functioning. Instead of giving in to an urge, they participated in an alternative activity that engaged other parts of the brain. This strategy for dealing with their difficulty best illustrates

cognitive-behavior therapy

Preventive mental health attempts to reduce the incidence of psychological disorders by

establishing programs to alleviate poverty and other demoralizing situations

Insight therapies aim to improve psychological functioning by

increasing patients' awareness of their own motives and defenses

Cognitive therapy works, top-down, by changing thought processes. Antidepressant drugs work, bottom-up, on the emotion-forming

limbic system

Mr. Quinones, a fifth-grade teacher, gives a blue plastic star to each student who achieves a high score on a math or spelling test. At the end of the semester, students can exchange their stars for prizes. Mr. Quinones' classroom strategy illustrates an application of

operant conditioning

Relaxing one muscle group after another until one achieves a completely relaxed state of comfort is called ________ relaxation.

progressive

Helping people gain insight into the unconscious origins of their disorder is a central aim of

psychoanalysis

A trained therapist who uses psychological techniques to assist someone to overcome excessive anxiety would generally be best described as a

psychotherapist

By overestimating the actual benefits of their psychotherapeutic treatment, clients are most likely attempting to satisfy their motivation for

self-justification

Jenna is afraid of speaking to a large audience. Her therapist suggests that prior to a speaking engagement she should reassure herself with comments like, "Cheer up, Jenna. You know what you're talking about and your topic is really interesting!" This approach to reducing Jenna's fear most clearly illustrates

stress inoculation training

Which of the following is a form of cognitive therapy?

stress inoculation training

The construction of an anxiety hierarchy and training in relaxation are important aspects of

systematic desensitization

Systematic desensitization involves

vigorously challenging clients' illogical ways of thinking