unit 13 & unit 3 pt2

A natural science museum opened a new display that lets the visitors view animations of how the health of a coral reef varies based on water temperature, pollution levels, and the number of fish living around the reef. The visitors are able to choose a numerical value for each of the conditions. The exhibit's animations are determined by using a database to look up how healthy the coral reef is at the particular settings the visitor chooses and displaying a corresponding picture. What is one advantage of using an interactive exhibit like this instead of showing a poster with the same information?

By allowing the visitors to interact with the exhibit, the visitors will be able to understand coral reefs better since they will see the impacts of many different conditions in an easy-to-understand manner.

Polly and Sergei are working on a project to explain how the rise in oil prices is leading to a rise in lunch prices at their school. Polly wants to have a chart showing the oil prices every day over the past 18 months and a different chart showing the lunch prices every day over the past 18 months. Sergei argues that having two separate charts won't show the relationship between oil prices and lunch prices. He also thinks that the charts are showing too many data points. Instead, he wants to use a program to make a chart that shows both the oil prices and the lunch prices on the same chart. In addition, rather than plotting the prices for every day, he only wants to chart the average monthly prices for oil and lunch. Why would Sergei's approach make it easier for other people to analyze the data than Polly's approach?

By transforming and summarizing the available data, Sergei's chart would more effective in showing any trends that may have occurred.

For which of the following problems is using a simulation LEAST likely to be beneficial?

Determining the longest word in a textbook

For which of the following situations would it be best to use a heuristic in order to find a solution that runs in a reasonable amount of time?

Finding the fastest route that visits every location among n locations, which requires n! possible routes be examined.

Suppose you want to make a visualization that shows how many students bought certain quantities of candy from the vending machine during the month of September. Of the choices below, which chart would best convey this information to the person looking at the graph?

Histogram

What is data? I. Computer readable information II. Information collected about the physical world III. Programs that process images IV. Graphs and charts

I, II

Which of the following statements describes how mobile devices, the use of computers in more and more everyday interactions, and the ability to connect with other devices almost anywhere are changing society? I. People are able to use mobile devices for new applications such as finding directions or finding restaurants II. Data can be collected from thousands of sources and can be combined to provide new services to individuals and companies III. Buildings, cars, classrooms, and offices can now be engineered with sensors to automate tasks like adjusting the thermostat or even driving IV. Data that is collected can be used to identify social problems

I, II, III, IV

Which of the following statements are true about using visualizations to display a dataset? I. Visualizations are visually appealing, but don't help the viewer understand relationships that exist in the data II. Visualizations like graphs, charts, or visualizations with pictures are useful for conveying information, while tables just filled with text are not useful. III. Patterns that exist in the data can be found more easily by using a visualization

III only

In which of the following scenarios is using a simulation more beneficial than performing a calculation? Select two answers.

Investigating ways to reduce the amount of trash in the ocean Studying the effect of a genetic change in a population

A student wants to determine whether a certain problem is undecidable. Which of the following will demonstrate that the problem is undecidable?

Show that for one instance of the problem, no algorithm can be written that is capable of providing a correct yes-or-no answer.

Which of the following best explains how algorithms that run on a computer can be used to solve problems?

Some problems cannot be solved by an algorithm.

News reporting agencies often want to find the public's opinion on current events. One particular agency is considering two different strategies to collect this data by collecting responses to online surveys. The two strategies are outlined below. Strategy One: 1. Uses a database to store all of the survey responses 2. Stores some data as text and some data as numbers 3. Will track extra information about the survey taker that won't be publicly visible Strategy Two 1. Uses a single spreadsheet to store all of the survey responses 2. Stores all data as numbers 3. Will not track any information other than the survey responses Which of the following statements is the most accurate comparison of these strategies?

Strategy One will allow the agency to conclude more about the public's opinion because it tracks extra metadata, while Strategy Two will make it hard to find trends and access particular pieces of the data.

A graphic artist uses a program to draw geometric shapes in a given pattern. The program uses an algorithm that draws the shapes based on input from the artist. The table shows the approximate number of steps the algorithm takes to draw different numbers of shapes. Based on the values in the table, which of the following best characterizes the algorithm for drawing n shapes, where n is a very large number?

The algorithm runs in a reasonable amount of time because it will use approximately n^2 steps to draw n shapes.

A city planner is using simulation software to study crowd flow out of a large arena after an event has ended. The arena is located in an urban city. Which of the following best describes a limitation of using a simulation for this purpose?

The model used by the simulation software often omits details so that it is easier to implement.

Shown here is a line graph showing the stock prices for Twitter, Inc. Source: Ryan McCready https://venngage.com/ What is misleading about this visualization?

The y-axis is truncated making the graph seem like it is increasing a lot more than it actually is.

A team of programmers is designing software. One portion of the project presents a problem for which there is not an obvious solution. After some research, the team determines that the problem is undecidable. Which of the following best explains the consequence of the problem being undecidable?

There is no possible algorithm that can be used to solve all instances of the problem.

The transportation department plans to build a new high-speed train route between two cities. The transportation department wants to implement a simulation of the train before any construction begins on this project. Which of the following statements is true about the use of a simulation for this project?

Using a simulation may expose potential safety issues that can be corrected before construction begins.

Which of the following statements is true about data visualizations?

Visualizations take many forms, from tables to charts to images.

Which of the following statements is NOT a benefit of using computers to process data?

Websites can spy on people and gather large amounts of personal data without the user knowing.

In which of the following would using a chart to visualize data make sense?

Your school wants to track how many people attend the football games over time throughout the school year.

Which of the following is a benefit of using a simulation instead of an experiment to make a prediction? Select two answers.

simulation allows investigation of a phenomenon without the real-world limitations on time, safety, or budget. A simulation can be used to model real-world events that are impractical for experiments.

Consider the following spinner, which is used to determine how pieces are to be moved on a game board. Each region is of equal size. Which of the following code segments can be used to simulate the behavior of the spinner?

spin <-- random1,4 if spin = 1 color = "yellow" else: if spin =2 color = blue else: color = red

Consider a game where a player spins a wheel divided into four identical sections, labeled A, B, C, and D. If the player spins A, the score is 10. If the player spins B, the score is 5. If the player spins C or D, the score is -1. The following code segment is intended to implement the game. <MISSING STATEMENT> if spin = 1 score <-- 10 else: if spin= 2 score <-- 5 else: score <--- -1 Which of the following could be used as a replacement for <MISSING STATEMENT> so the code segment works as intended?

spin <--- random 1,4

Consider the following code segment. i <-- 1 repeat until i > 4 rand <-- random 1, i display rand i <--- i +1 Which of the following CANNOT be displayed as a result of executing the code segment?

1 3 2 4

Which of the following statements is an example of computer-readable data?

A digital spreadsheet filled with measurements about the air quality of different major cities

In which of the following scenarios would a simulation be the LEAST beneficial?

A retail company wants to determine the most popular item that was sold on the company's Web site last month.

A computer scientist is analyzing four different algorithms used to sort a list. The table below shows the number of steps each algorithm took to sort lists of different sizes. Based on the values in the table, which of the algorithms appear to run in reasonable time?

Algorithm A Algorithm D