UNIT 2

In the figure above, where does the neurotransmitter dopamine have its effect? A B C D E *PICTURE COULD NOT BE ATTACHED

E

Which of the following allows the examination of living brain tissue visually without performing surgery? A Computerized axial tomography B Stereotaxic examination C Retrograde degeneration D Biofeedback E Ablation

A Computerized axial tomography

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the neural chain of events set in motion by an environmental stimulus? A Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectors B Receptors, efferent neurons, interneurons, afferent neurons, effectors C Interneurons, effectors, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons D Effectors, interneurons, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons E Effectors, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons, interneurons

A Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectors

A common psychological effect of alcohol intake is: A reduced inhibition B anxiety C enhanced memory D psychosis E heightened creativity

A. reduced inhibition

The depletion of which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease? A Dopamine B Acetylcholine C Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) D Serotonin E Norepinephrine

B Acetylcholine

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia? A Acetylcholine B Dopamine C Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) D Norepinephrine E Serotonin

B Dopamine

Which part of the nervous system is most immediately activated by sudden fear? A Parasympathetic B Sympathetic C Neostriatum D Somatic E Cortical

B Sympathetic

What hormone seems to be most closely linked with aggressive behavior? A Estrogen B Testosterone C Melatonin D Insulin E Leptin

B Testosterone

The part of the neuron that is responsible for receiving signals from other neurons is called A the axon B a dendrite C a neurotransmitter D the synaptic cleft E the soma

B a dendrite

Based on its effects on the central nervous system, alcohol can be classified as A a hallucinogen B a depressant C a neurotransmitter D an antagonist E an agonist

B a depressant

During neuronal firing, the part of the neuron that acts as an insulator and conductor to speed the electrical impulse as it travels down the axon is A the terminal button B the myelin sheath C a dendrite D the soma E the synaptic cleft

B the myelin sheath

Damage to a small part of the occipital lobe would most likely result in a A speech deficit B visual deficit C motor deficit D hearing loss E slower heart rate

B visual deficit

A polygraph machine is often called a "lie detector," although it does not detect lies. Instead, it responds to changes in A cognitive states B autonomic arousal C parasympathetic functioning D motivational level E neurotransmitter level

B. autonomic arousal

A child's sex is genetically determined by the A. mother B. father C. paternal grandmother D. maternal grandfather E. maternal grandmother

B. father

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for helping A David become aware of his thirst while running a marathon B Tamara transfer sensory information into the other parts of her brain C Riaesha get ready to fight or flee when seeing a bear D Anthony calm down after watching a scary movie E Jamika pull her hand back when she touches a hot stove

C Riaesha get ready to fight or flee when seeing a bear

The painful experience associated with termination of the use of an addictive substance is known as A discontinuance B tolerance C withdrawal D forced independence E transduction

C withdrawal

Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in which of the following problems? A Aphasia B Increased aggression C A loss of vision D A loss of motor coordination E A change in personality

D A loss of motor coordination

The process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the neuron after it fires is called A depolarization B lateral inhibition C long-term potentiation D reuptake E synaptic transmission

D reuptake

Immediately after firing, a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation. This condition is referred to as A the action potential B the threshold difference C specific energy of the nerve D the absolute refractory phase E depolarization

D the absolute refractory phase

The sequence of shifts in the electrical charge of a neuron is called A neural integration B refraction C synaptic transmission D the action potential E differential conduction

D the action potential

Damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to be associated with difficulty in A tasting B hearing C seeing D understanding language E moving arms and legs

D understanding language

Which of the following would most likely result from an injury to the medulla? A Visual problems that make spatial judgments difficult B Receptive aphasia that makes it difficult to understand what other people are saying C Retrograde amnesia that destroys previously established memories D A problem regulating hunger E A life-threatening disruption of heartbeat and breathing

E A life-threatening disruption of heartbeat and breathing

Damage to which of the following brain structures may cause the inability to detect the emotional significance of facial expressions, especially those demonstrating fear? A Hippocampus B Thalamus C Cerebellum D Hypothalamus E Amygdala

E Amygdala

Cocaine blocks the reuptake of which neurotransmitter? A Epinephrine B Endorphins C Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) D Substance P E Dopamine

E Dopamine

Which of the following brain structures has the strongest influence on hunger and satiety? A Hippocampus B Medulla C Occipital cortex D Corpus callosum E Hypothalamus

E Hypothalamus

Which of the following is true about the pons? A It is closely associated with judgment, higher-order cognition, and personality. B It functions as a bridge between the two hemispheres. C It is associated with hormones and the endocrine system. D It is associated with visual processing. E It is the region of the brain that is most closely associated with sleep and arousal.

E It is the region of the brain that is most closely associated with sleep and arousal.

*A diagram with the hypothalamus, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, etc. is shown The diagram above depicts the human body's A immune system B somatic nervous system C parasympathetic nervous system D sympathetic nervous system E endocrine system

E endocrine system

Sigmund Freud believed that dream analysis was a useful device for A decreasing repression B sublimating the id C strengthening the superego D displacing instinctual forces E gaining insight into unconscious motives

E gaining insight into unconscious motives

When people consume large amounts of alcohol, they are often unable to recall what they did and said while they were drinking. This occurs because alcohol interferes with the brain's ability to form new memories in the A reticular formation B occipital lobe C parietal lobe D thalamus E hippocampus

E hippocampus

The pituitary gland is controlled by the A hippocampus B medulla C amygdala D occipital lobe E hypothalamus

E hypothalamus

Mary participates in an exercise program because she experiences an increase in energy and feelings of well-being at the end of each exercise session. The best explanation for Mary's perseverance in the program is that exercise A reduces her level of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B reduces her level of acetylcholine C reduces her level of glutamate D increases her level of teratogens E increases her level of endorphins

E increases her level of endorphins

Dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are all A hormones excreted by the endocrine glands B secretions of the exocrine glands C drugs used in the therapeutic treatment of memory disorders D enzymes involved with the degradation of interneuron signals E neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse

E neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse

A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms? A Forgetfulness B Hearing Difficulties C Difficulty controlling balance and coordination D Difficulty controlling emotions E Difficulty with speech production

E. Difficulty with speech production