Unit 2 (CH6)-Ancient China, Great Wall/Terra Cotta Army/Dynasties

How does Daoism diverge from Confucianism?

Daoists believe that the way to follow the will of Heaven is not through action but inaction: The best way to act in harmony with the universal order is not to interfere with the natural order.

Collapse of the Qin Dynasty?

During the late period of Qin's reign, he was cruel and oppressive to his people, and caused dissatisfaction. After he died his son, Hu Hai succeeded him. However, he was such a tyrant that caused the uprising led by peasants, . There were revolts against high taxes, forced labor , cruel policies. Through the Mandate of Heaven, Liu Bang claimed power and Han Dynasty began

What are the two main elements of the Confucian view of the Dao, or "Way"?

Duty and humanity.

How was the Confucian concept of duty often expressed?

Duty was expressed often In the form of a "work ethic." If each individual worked hard to fulfill his or her duties, then the affairs of society as a whole would prosper as well.

Social/Culture/Religion of the Zhou Dynasty?

"Mandate of Heaven", started 2 major Chinese philosophies, Confucianism and Taoism

What advice did Confucius offer to humanity?

"What you do not wish done to yourself, do not do to others." Confucius urged people to "measure the feelings of others by one's own,"

When was the Great Wall of China built?

(221 B.C.-206 B.C.) The Qin Dynasty started to build to strengthen the existing system of walls and to link them together. However, the wall that we know from films and photographs was not built until 1,500 years later.

Social/Culture/Religion of the Han Dynasty?

-Confucianism books became required reading for school children. -freed peasants suffered from forced labor or military service, reduced farm plots were not enough to survive, forced to sell land and become tenants -Ancestor worship, Polytheism, Buddhism introduced by India

Government of the Han Dynasty?

-Emperor, Liu Bang kept China unified -Central gvt divided into 3 sections, military, civil service, and censorate (spied on citizens). -Civil Service exam-candidates for government positions were tested on their knowledge of history and Confucian philosophy.

What might historians and scientist learn by studying this huge burial ground?

-How the Qin Dynasty collapsed. -To learn more about how the emperor ruled -To study the emperor's belief in the after-life

Time period of the Zhou Dynasty?

1045 BC to 256 BC King Wu Wang (It was the longest ruling dynasty in the history of China.)

Time period of the Han Dynasty?

206 BC-221 AD-first emperor, Liu Bang

Time period of the Qin Dynasty?

221-207 BC(only 15 yrs)- Shi Huang the first emperor

The Terra-Cotta Army?

A group of thousands clay soldiers with weapons, wagons, etc. built on Emperor Qin's order to guard his tomb in the afterlife.

Government of the Zhou Dynasty?

Based on the feudal system. The emperor divided the land into fiefs that were usually ruled by his relatives. The nobles who ruled the fiefs basically owned the farmers who worked their lands.; mandate of heaven

Confucius was born in China during the Zhou dynasty. At the time of his birth, how did many Chinese view their emperor?

China was in turmoil. The central government had lost control and civil wars ravaged the land. For many Chinese this was a sign that their ruler had lost the Mandate of Heaven

How did Confucianism develop?

Confucianism grew out of a chaotic period in China. Warfare and mass executions of men, women, and children were common. Warfare and mass executions of men, women, and children were common. China was faced with restoring order. Upset by the violence and moral decay of his era, Confucius traveled around China in an attempt to spread his ideas and persuade political leaders to follow them. Confucius provided a set of ideas that eventually became widely accepted. Until the twentieth century, almost every Chinese pupil studied his sayings, making the development of Confucianism, or the system of Confucian ideas, a widespread and influential force in Chinese culture.

Students who attend school in China still read ancient Chinese classics, such as the Analects of Confucius. What does this say about the importance of Confucianism in China today?

Confucianism is still an important influence in China today.

How did Confucius conceive of Education?

He was the first teacher in China to promote education as a benefit to all human beings, not simply the aristocracy. Confucius believed that education built character. It involved constant self-improvement, a quest for self-knowledge, and devotion to public service.

According to the Mandate of Heaven, what happened if a ruler governed poorly?

If a ruler governed poorly, heaven withdrew its support and the ruler lost power.

How was the Great Wall of China built?

In the time of Shi Huangdi, hundreds of thousands of peasants collected, hauled, and dumped millions of tons of stone, dirt, and rubble to fill the core of the Great Wall. Slabs of cut stone on the outside of the wall enclosed a heap of pebbles and rubble on the inside. Each section of the wall rose to a height of 20 to 25 feet. The earlier walls were built with compacted dirt surrounded by stone. The later wall built 1500 years later, was built with bricks.

Accomplishments of the Zhou Dynasty?

Invention of cast iron, crop rotation, adding soybeans as a major crop

How did Daoism develop?

It developed as a system of ideas around the teachings of Laozi

What did the Legalists believe about human nature?

Legalism proposed that human beings were evil by nature.

Was the Great Wall of China effective?

No. With his wall, the First Qin Emperor had some success in fighting off the nomads, but the victory was only temporary. The wall couldn't keep people out.

Who built it the Great Wall of China?

The Great Wall of China was not built by a single person, but spanned over many empires. Originally, there were several smaller walls built as far back as 7th century BC, and they were slowly merged together, being made bigger and stronger. The first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, would build the most famous wall, demanding it to be made taller and stronger.

Who was Kongfuzi (Confucius)?

Confucius lived from 551 to 479 B.C.E., during the same era as Buddha. Like the Buddha, he became a great teacher whose ideas influenced the lives of millions of people. Kongfuzi, meaning "Master Kung," as he was called by his followers.

In China on Tomb-sweeping Day, families visit the graves of deceased relatives. Why did Confucius believe people should honor and respect their elders?

Confucius said that filial piety - respect of children for their parents was critical to the social order.

How is Daoism like Confucianism?

The fundamental idea of Daoism, like Confucianism, does not concern itself with the meaning of the universe. Rather, it sets forth proper forms of human behavior.

Collapse of the Zhou Dynasty?

The leader of the Qin state, Qin Shi Huang, conquered the other six states of the Zhou Empire and crowned himself as the first emperor of a united China.

What is the Great Wall of China

The wall that covers the northern border of China is known as The Great Wall of China. It stretches almost 5,500 miles long, and was built to keep out the Mongols from China. The wall has over 7,000 lookout towers, and the height varies from place to place, averaging around 33 feet tall. It is the longest and largest by manmade structure in the world. Moats were made around the wall to help keep people out, and currently it is one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.

Why was the Great Wall of China built?

The wall was built to help keep out northern invaders like the nomads. Smaller walls had been built over the years, but the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, decided that he wanted a single giant wall to protect his northern borders. He ordered that a single strong wall be built with thousands of lookout towers where soldiers could guard and protect his empire.

What did the Legalists assert was the most effective way to motivate common people?

They believed harsh laws and stiff punishments would cause the common people to serve the interests of the ruler.

How does a civil service test relate to Confucianism?

This system for officials developed in classical China influenced Chinese civilization for 2,000 years. Students were expected to learn the teachings of Confucius, as well as Chinese history and law. By creating a group of well-trained officials well versed in Confucian thought, the system ensured the influence of Confucianism on government for a long time.

How did the Legalists believe rulers should behave toward their subjects?

To Legalists, people were not capable of being good. Therefore, the ruler did not have to show compassion for the people

Collapse of the Han Dynasty?

Toward the end of this period, the Han emperors were weakened by a series of rebellions against their authority. Economic hardship from growing population led to a rise in banditry in the countryside. In 221 A.D., the last Han emperor turned his power over to an independent warlord. Han China finally collapsed into a series of civil wars, and split apart into a series of separate states.

Accomplishments of the Han Dynasty?

invented paper and lead‐glazed ceramics, and advances in silk‐ weaving

What are 2 new facts that you learned from the video (Great Wall of China)?

- It's over 4000 mi - Nickname is wall of tears

Social/Culture/Religion of the Qin Dynasty?

-Burned books -confucianism not allowed

Government of the Qin Dynasty?

-Shi Huangdi became the first Chinese, Emperor, Absolute Monarchy -"Lagalism", strict adherence to the letter of the law -Central gvt divided into 3 sections, military, civil service, and censorate (spied on citizens).

Why do you think archaeologists want to uncover Shi Huangdi's entire clay army?

-To find out what type of military was used. -How they were made -What was used to make them

Accomplishments of the Qin Dynasty?

-Unified China - standardized the language and writing - standardized measurements and axle length - built network of roads and canals & built irrigation to improve farming - built the Great Wall across northern China to protect against invasions -standards were set for weights, measures, and money