UNIT 2: DC Biology Test

what do the rough ER, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes have in common?

They all are constructed of interrelated membranes.

A normal size range for a typical eukaryotic cell is ________. -1 to 10 nanometers -10 to 100 nanometers -1 to 10 micrometers -10 to 100 micrometers

-10 to 100 micrometer

The eyepiece of a light microscope has a magnification level of 10x. If you were looking at a paramecium under the lowest-power objective (4x), what would be the total magnification of the microscope at this setting? -40x -400x -4x -10x

-40x (total magnification is (4x) x (10x)= 40x

Based on the way the nitrogen-containing bases in DNA and RNA pair, you would expect the percentage of _____ to be equal to the percentage of _____. -T ... G -A ... T -A ... C -A ... G

-A....T these form a base pair

which of the following is a hydrocarbon? -C3H8 -C6H12O6 -CO2 -H2CO3

-C3H8

Which of the following molecules is a carbohydrate? -C60 H100 O50 -C22 H49 O10 N5 -C45 H84 O8 P4 -C51 H98 O6

-C60 H100 O50 Carbohydrates have molecular formulas that are multiples of CH2O

Common features of monosaccharides

-a carbonyl group (C=O) -similar or equal numbers of carbon and oxygen atoms -numerous hydroxyl groups. (-OH)

Which type of cytoskeleton protein is also involved in muscle contractions? -actin -mitochondria -myosin -tubulin

-actin (actin is a component of the cytoskeleton microfilaments and also interacts with the protein myosin during muscle contraction)

what cellular organelle is required for photosynthesis to occur in eukaryotic cells? -lysosomes -chloroplast -nucleus -golgi apparatus

-chloroplast

________ is the most prevalent glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix.

-collagen

A DNA molecule is composed of a __________.

-deoxyribose sugar (which is BONDED to a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base)

Which technique allowed scientists to figure out that all cells, and not just muscle cells, contained actin filaments? -light microscopy -molecular cytochemistry -electron microscopy -immunofluorescence microscopy

-electron microscopy

which of the following component is external to the plasma membrane? -cilia -chloroplast -cytoskeleton -extracellular matrix

-extracellular matrix

Which is not a disaccharide? -maltose -fructose -lactose -sucrose

-fructose this is a monosaccharide

Which of the following structures is directly involved in the passage of electrical signals between cel in the vertebrate heart? -anchoring junctions -tight junctions -gap junctions -chemical synapses

-gap junctions

What component of the cell membrane connects signals from the outside of the cell with the inside of the cell and vice versa?

-integrins

When elongated, tube-shaped cells from the lining of the intestine are treated with a certain chemical, the cells sag and become rounded. The internal structures disrupted by this chemical are probably _________________.

-microtubules (Microtubules are cytoskeleton components, and the shape of the cell is determined by its cytoskeleton)

Which of the following cytoplasmic structures functions in the transport of vesicles from the ER to the Golgi Apparatus? -microfilaments -actin filaments -intermediate filaments -microtubules

-microtubules (Vesicles travel along microtubules as they move from one part of the cell to another)

the internal skeleton of a cell is composed of _____________________.

-microtubules -intermediate filaments -microfilaments

Which of the following is not a part of the endomembrane system? -Golgi apparatus -vesicles -endoplasmic reticulum -mitochondria

-mitochondria

Structures found within a eukaryotic cell and performing tasks are collectively termed ________________.

-organelles.

Which plant structure is most like gap junctions in animal cells? -plasmodesmata -secondary cell wall -vacuole -primary cell wall

-plasmodesmata (plasmodesmata form channels between adjacent plant cells)

Which of the following structures are found in prokaryotic cells? -nucleus -endoplasmic reticulum -ribosomes -mitochondria

-ribosomes

The architecture of cell surfaces can be viewed in the most detail using a ____________________.

-scanning electron scope

If you wished to clearly observe the organelles inside of a white blood cell, which type of microscope would you choose?

-transmission electron microscope

Which microscope would be best suited to the measurement of the internal structures of a bacterial cell?

-transmission electron scope

Which of the following structures is essential for the successful operation of the endomembrane system -centrioles -chloroplasts -transport vesicles -anchoring junctions

-transporting vesicles

All proteins can be made from varying combinations of ____ amino acids.

20

A 100 mm x 100mm x 100mm cell has a surface area that is _________ and a volume that is __________. When this volume is broken into many smaller cells, that are 10 mm x 10 mm x 10 mm, the sum of the surface areas of the smaller cells is ________ than the surface area of the initial cell.

60,000 mm^2..... 1,000,000 mm^3..... larger

Ethanol, propanol, and methanol are three simple alcohols. They can be grouped together because they _____.

All share the same functional group, a hydroxyl

Why do both mitochondria and chloroplast possess circular chromosomes?

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts descended from free-living prokaryotes engulfed and maintained by early eukaryotic cells

Cellulose is a ________ made of many ________.

Cellulose is a polymer made of many glucose molecules. Cellulose is a polysaccharide made of many glucose subunits.

What mitochondrial feature enhances cellular respiration?

Cristae

Which is irrelevant to the maintenance of protein structure in your body? -pH level -salt concentration -body temperature -environmental temperature

Environmental temperature.

C6 H12 O6 accurately represents possibly ________ or _______.

Glucose or fructose

Why are there no fluid Leakes between cells in your intestines?

Intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions

How do cows get enough nutrients from eating grass?

Microorganisms in their digestive tracts hydrolyze the cellulose to glucose.

Mitochondria and chloroplast are similar in that they both _____________; however, they are difficult in that only chloroplast and not mitochondria, _________________.

Mitochondria and chloroplast are similar in that they both HAVE DOUBLE MEMBRANES; however, they are difficult in that only chloroplast and not mitochondria, CARRY OUT PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

Flagella and cilia are both composed of tubulin subunits. What is a contrast between these two structures?

Only cilia move as a coordinated team

Double bonds are present in the majority of the fats of which of the following foods? -eggs -lard -margarine -peanuts

Peanuts. Peanuts contain unsaturated which contain one or more double bonds.

You have identified a new organism. It has ribosomes, plasmodesmata and cell walls made of cellulose. This new organism is an ________.

Plant

What is the relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane?

The finished products of the Golgi apparatus may leave the cells through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane

To enter or leave any cell, substances must pass through ______________.

The plasma membrane. (The plasma membrane defines the boundary of the cell)

How are cell surface proteins exported out of the cell?

The protein is folded, then packaged for transport to the Golgi apparatus.

Lactose is a disaccharide (two monosaccharides joined together). To metabolize lactose, individuals require an enzyme known as lactase. What is true about this reaction?

The reaction hydrolyzes the sugar.

What do phospholipids and cholesterol have in common?

They're both important components of cell membranes.

Proteins are an important class of molecules because of the function they perform. Proteins can __________.

act as signal receptors to revive signals in cell communication.

Glucose molecules are to starch as ________ are to proteins.

amino acids

What is a cell that has a dense nuclei region, ribosomes but no membrane-enclosed organelles

an archaean (Archaea and other prokaryotes have no internal membrane-enclosed organelles)

Lipids differ from other large biological molecules in that they __________.

are not truly polymers

Carbohydrates are mainly used in our bodies as _____.

as fuel

Peroxisomes are organelles that are involved in the ________________.

breakdown of fatty acids

What is the typical function of lysosomes?

breaking down of damaged organelles, such as mitochondria.

An amino acid is so named because its central carbon is linked to both an amino and a __________.

carboxyl group

What organelle appears in a eukaryotic cell that obtain energy from organic compounds?

chloroplast

Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following components?

cilia

Where would ribosomes be located that are possible for producing enzymes which play a role in sugar metabolism?

cystol

Where are chlorophyll molecules located within the chloroplasts?

embedded in the thylakoid membrane.

What changes would occur in an alcoholics liver cells?

increased levels of endoplasmic reticulum activity.

Signals are transmitted between the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton through _______ proteins.

intern

The maximum size of a cell is limited by ____________.

its need for enough surface area to make exchange with its environment.

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic; unlike a typical cell, they _____________.

lack a nucleus

A disease in which your cilia microtubule malfunctions due to them missing an essential component. How can this be caused?

lack of dynein proteins (Dynein is part of the proteins that make up microtubules)

Cholesterol belongs to which class of molecules?

lipids

If fatty acids are failing to be broken down, what organelle is failing?

lysosomes

Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in the cells that are ____________________.

metabolically active

The membranes of the ER are continuous with the membranes of the ________________.

nuclear envelope.

Anabolic steroids are appropriately prescribed to _________.

people who suffer from muscle-debilitating diseases.

Pancreatic cells produce large amounts of protein. About how many ribosomes would you expect there to be in a pancreatic cell?

several million

which of the following would be affected when a protein is denatured? -side chains -primary structure -amino groups -tertiary structure

tertiary structure.

the resolving power refers to_____________.

the clarity of the image in showing two objects as separate.

What of the following would distinguish a bacterial cell from an animal cell?

the presence of a cell wall

Fatty acid containing at least one double bond is called ________.

unsaturated

When two monosaccharides link to form a disaccharide, the by-product is ___________.

water

Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

whether or not the cells is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes. -prokaryotic cells don't have internal membranes compartmentalization -eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.