UNIT 2 Endocrine

Insulin promotes the transformation of:

glucose --> glycogen

Glucagon promotes the transformation of:

glycogen --> glucose

Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates?

growth hormone

Which of the following hormones promotes amino acid transport into cells?

growth hormone

All target cells

have hormone receptors and respond to chemical signals.

The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce

insulin

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is

insulin

Each of the following is true of the pineal gland except that it

is a component of the hypothalamus.

The posterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the

neurohypophysis.

When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the

second messenger is activated in the cytoplasm.

Hormones that control other endocrine glands are referred to as:

tropic hormones

Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of

ADH

What pituitary hormone acts on the kidney to reduce water loss?

ADH

The intracellular protein ________ binds calcium ions. This complex can then activate enzymes.

calmodulin

Calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein

calmodulin.

Growth hormone does all of the following except

cause fat accumulation within adipocytes.

Which of the following substances often acts as a second messenger?

cyclic AMP

Which hormone(s) may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery?

oxytocin.

Choose the correct sequence of endocrine gland, hormone secreted, and target tissue or organ:

panreas --> glucagon --> liver and muscle

The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is

thyroxine.

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is

FSH

If the function of the anterior pituitary was impaired for any extensive period of time, which of the following would most likely occur as a result?

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) in the blood would decrease

A child is observed for a period of time. He is not growing in size; he is listless, apathetic, and depressed. Of the following choices, his condition would most likely be due to:

a stressful environment affecting the anterior pituitary

Which of these hormones regulates the sodium ion content of the body?

aldosterone.

The adrenal gland produces steroid hormones in

all layers of the cortex.

Hormonal actions on cells include those that affect

all of the above

Proper growth requires which of the following hormones?

all of the above

Extracellular membrane receptors are used by which of the following types of hormones?

all of the answers are correct

Epinephrine is:

an example of a "first message" which activates adenyl cyclase to form cyclic AMP

The hormone(s) responsible for sexual development, especially in males, is (are) known as:

androgens

Which of the following does not function in promoting growth and development of some sort?

antidiuretic hormone

Prostaglandins are NOT considered to be true hormones because they:

are produced and secreted by most tissues/organs and affect local tissue

Which of the following is NOT true of steroid hormones?

are produced by the adrenal medulla.

Steroid hormones

bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.

A malfunctioning posterior lobe of the pituitary would most directly affect the:

birth process

If a patient is administered a powerful glucocorticoid (such as prednisone) to suppress the immune system, what unintended effects might this have on blood chemistry?

both an increase of insulin and an increase of blood glucose

Parathyroid hormone does all of the following except

build up bone

The primary function of ADH is to

decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys.

All of the following are results of thyroid hormones except

decreased heart rate and force of contraction.

The exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is characterized by

decreased resistance to disease and infection.

When blood glucose levels fall,

decreased resistance to disease and infection.

Activation of the renin-angiotensin system would result in all of the following except

decreased urine production

Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system?

epinephrine

The hypothalamic releasing factors are not true hormones because they do not reach their target tissue by way of the circulatory system.

false

All of the following are true of the nervous system, except that it doesn't

function independently of the endocrine system.

After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex,

gene transcription is initiated.

Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause

gigantism.

In the pancreas, alpha cells secrete ________ and beta cells secrete ________.

glucagon; insulin

The condition known as goiter can result from too

little iodine in the diet.

Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin?

low blood glucose

During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), there is

mobilization of energy reserves.

A self-correcting system used in hormonal control is:

negative feedback

TSH plays a key role in the ________ of thyroid hormones.

production and release

What hormone stimulates milk production by the mammary glands?

prolactin

If stress lasts longer than a few hours, an individual will enter the ________ phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).

resistance

Cells can respond to ________ hormone(s) at a time.

several

Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the

thyroid gland

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex is

ACTH

Which of the following is released due to sensory input and thus part of a neuroendocrine reflex?

OXT

The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the

adenohypophysis.

Which of the following hormones are secreted by glands other than the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

all of the above

An activated G protein can trigger

all of the answers are correct

A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is

calcitonin

Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in

diabetes mellitus.

The adrenal medulla produces

epinephrine

Before the discovery of these glands, thyroid surgery often led to a rapid drop in blood calcium levels, which triggered muscle contractions and cardiac arrhythmias. Removal of which glands caused this response, and which hormone was deficient?

parathyroid glands; parathyroid hormone

The consistent pattern of hormonal and physiological responses to stresses of different kinds called general adaptation syndrome has all the following phases except

restorative.

The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by

secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system.

Receptors for all of the following hormones are found in the cell membranes of target cells except

steroid hormones.

Cushing's disease results from an excess of

glucocorticoids

The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is

growth hormone

A lack of dietary iodine will most likely effect hormone production in the:

thyroid gland