unit 2 English settlement review
Summarize the events that led to King Philip's War.
1) Plymouth took Wampanoag guns 2) Sassamon warns colonists of attack 3) Sassamon found dead 4) 3 Wampanoag hanged for his death 5) Metacom raid 52 towns.
Describe the attitude of Puritans in New England toward other Protestant groups, such as Quakers and Baptists.
1) They saw them as a threat. 2) They did not allow them to vote or hold office. 3) They hanged Quaker missionaries. 4) Punished non-Puritans.
What is a kind of wagon, made by German settlers in North America, that could carry heavy loads called?
A Conestoga Wagon
Which of the following is NOT a principle stated by John Locke?
A focus on everyday material concerns makes people less free
What is a building that houses machinery for grinding grain called?
A gristmill
What is a person who learns a craft or trade by working with a skilled member of that craft or trade called?
An apprentice
How did Parliament and colonial assemblies differ?
Assembly members had to live in the districts they represented, but members of Parliament did not.
What was the underlying cause for the wars between the colonists and the Powhatan between 1622 and 1670?
Both groups laid claim to the same land
Which action was NOT a factor that led to Pontiac's Rebellion?
British giving Native Americans smallpox-infested blankets
What did the American colonists who joined the British army discover about the British?
Colonists resented the British soldiers and officers looked down on them. The British dealt out severe punishments to soldiers for small offenses.
As plantations expanded, what effect did the increased workload have on enslaved Africans?
Death rates increased
What led to the settlement of New Netherland?
Dutch merchants establishing a base for trade
What is one reason England established colonies in America?
England wanted a guaranteed source of gold and precious metals.
How did Braddock's defeat at Fort Duquesne show that the British were not ready to fight a frontier war?
Fr. & NA ambushed British from behind trees. Braddock refused to break rank, continued to fight in rows leaving troops exposed. Washington was against this.
After the end of the French and Indian War, how did Britain's relationship with Native Americans differ from France's?
French: continued giving natives gifts. British: Stopped giving gifts to Natives, raised trade prices while limiting trade quantities. They violated treaties.
Why did King George II allow James Oglethorpe to establish the colony of Georgia?
Georgia could be a military barrier between Spanish Florida and South Carolina.
How did William Penn encourage diversity in Pennsylvania?
He based his colony on Quaker doctrine, stating all people were equal in the eyes of God. He accepted religious minorities. He bought land from the Natives.
How did William Penn keep peace with Native Americans in the region?
He purchased land from Native Americans.
What role did John Sassamon play in King Philip's War?
He warned colonists of a Wampanoag attack and was later found dead.
How did life differ for enslaved African Americans in New England and in the Southern Colonies?
In New England, enslaved African Americans were trained for specific duties.
Which Native American people joined forces with the British to drive French fur traders out of the Ohio Valley?
Iroquois
What did the Dutch West Indies Company's "half freedom" do for older enslaved Africans?
It freed them but not their children from slavery.
What effect did the Massachusetts charter of 1691 have in New England?
It increased the number of voters.
What made Pennsylvania different from the other colonies?
It was an extremely diverse society
Which of the following is NOT true about the Albany Plan of Union?
It was written and presented by George Washington
Why was Georgia returned to Great Britain in 1752?
Its rules were too strict for the colony to thrive.
Who created the Dominion of New England and why?
King James II created the Dominion to strengthen English control over the region.
Why did the South Carolinian legislature prohibit enslaved people from learning to read and write in 1740?
Legislators feared that literate slaves would rebel as they had at Stono.
The capture of which city ended the French control of Canada?
Montreal
Why is controlling the Forks of the Ohio River so important to the French, British, and Native Americans?
NA: escape British colonies, maintain way of life; F: Maintain trade/alliances with NA; B: gain land to farm/settle, use river for trade
How did the Pilgrims recover after their first deadly winter in Massachusetts?
Native Americans taught them how to fish and grow crops.
What are rights such as life or liberty that a person is born with called?
Natural Rights
Why was the settlement of Georgia thought of as an experiment?
Other colonies were founded for profit or religious freedom. Georgia's founders envisioned a colony where debtors and the poor could make a new start.
Pontiac was a leader of which Native American people?
Ottawa
What is the legislative body of England, and, later, Great Britain called?
Parliament
What idea did ministers of the Great Awakening and philosophers of the Enlightenment share?
People could think for themselves.
What is a relatively flat area between the Appalachian Mountains and the coastal plain called?
Piedmont
Why were port cities less important in Southern Colonies than they were in New England?
Plantations were built along the rivers. Ships could sail up tributaries from the Chesapeake Bay to these plantations.
Contrast and compare the governing style of the Puritans in Massachusetts and Roger Williams in Rhode Island.
Puritans - required people to attend church, punished church rule breakers. RW - based his colony on the idea that the church and state should be kept separate
What is the right to practice the religion of one's choosing without government interference called?
Religious Freedom
Which crop did colonists learn how to farm from enslaved Africans?
Rice
Why were female property owners seen as threatening to the people of Salem?
Salem residents thought women owning property challenged Puritan gender roles.
What is the policy of the British government to not strictly enforce its colonial policies called?
Salutary neglect
How did religion impact the settlement of Plymouth, Massachusetts?
Separatists established the colony to freely practice their religion.
What made Mary Rowlandson famous?
She wrote a book about being captured by Native Americans.
Compare and contrast the original settlers of Jamestown with those who arrived after 1612.
Similar: to gain wealth, mercantilism Different: temporary/permanent colony, early settlers couldn't fish, hunt, farm, relations with Natives differed
Why did some white colonists in the Middle Colonies oppose slavery?
Slavery violated the "golden rule" that says to treat others the way you want them to treat you. Others opposed slavery because they feared slave rebellions.
Compare and contrast the way boys and girls were educated in New England.
Some boys went to college to become members of the clergy. Girls stayed with their mothers to learn skills like sewing and cooking. Girls did not go to college.
Describe some of the ways enslaved people rebelled against slave owners
Staging slowdowns, faking illnesses, destroying crops and tools, running away, setting fire to fields and homes, and killing slave owners
Why did the Plymouth government force the Wampanoag to surrender their guns in 1671?
Tensions were rising between colonists and Native Americans.
What was the policy of salutary neglect, and what was its effect on the American colonies?
The English government did not strictly enforce its colonial policies. The American colonies became used to governing themselves, living in relative freedom.
What is the a founding document of the Connecticut colony that listed 11 laws and stood as the framework for governing the colony called?
The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
What happened as a result of the marriage between John Rolfe and Pocahontas?
The Jamestown colonists and the Powhatan lived in peace for a number of years.
Why were farmers in the Middle Colonies prosperous?
The Middle Colonies had rich farmland and warm weather, so crops such as wheat, corn, rye, and barley thrived there.
Why did the Mohawk support the British in battle?
The Mohawk and the British relied on each other as trading partners.
What is the western part of the Southern Colonies just east of the Appalachian Mountains called?
The backcountry
How did the prices of tobacco and land lead to tension between colonists during the late 1600s?
The low tobacco prices made it difficult for landless men to afford high land prices.
What were the series of laws passed by the English Parliament to protect English shipping by restricting the transport of goods to and from the English colonies called?
The navigation acts
What did Thomas Hooker, Roger Williams, and Anne Hutchinson have in common?
They all disagreed with the New England Way.
Why did the original settlers at Jamestown struggle to establish their colony?
They had little experience farming, hunting, or fishing.
What important benefit did the Treaty of Paris grant to American colonists?
They had the right to fish in waters off the Canadian coast.
Why did the Pilgrims write and sign the Mayflower Compact?
They realized that they would be landing in a place without a colonial government
Under the Navigation Acts, what happened to European goods shipped to the colonies?
They were first delivered to England, where they were inspected.
Which event began the French and Indian War?
Washington's defeat at Fort Duquesne
Why was the whaling industry important to colonial New England?
Whaling provided colonists with valuable products.
What was the Stono Rebellion?
a 1739 revolt by enslaved Africans against their owners
Who was George Whitefield?
a British minister who used theatrical gestures and thundering words
What is a written grant establishing an institution and detailing members' rights and privileges?
a charter
What is a joint-stock company?
a company whose shareholders own stock in the company
What is an agreement among several groups, states, or governments to protect and support one another in battle or other endeavors called?
a confederacy
What is a cash crop?
a crop grown for sale rather than for use by farmers
What is a principle or set of beliefs accepted by a group called?
a doctrine
Which phrase best describes Charles Town?
a large port city controlled by shippers in England and New England
What is a material or substance found in nature that can be used to sustain a society or exploited for economic gain, such as minerals, water, living things called?
a natural resource
What is a person in the 16th and 17th centuries who wished to leave the Church of England called?
a person in the 16th and 17th centuries who wished to leave the Church of England
What is an artisan?
a person skilled at making things by hand
What is an indentured servant?
a person under contract to work, usually without pay, in exchange for free passage to the colonies.
What is a midwife?
a person who is trained to help deliver babies
What is a dissenter?
a person who strongly disagrees with official policy
What is a proprietor?
a person with ownership of a colony, including the right to manage and distribute land and to establish government
What is a colony ruled by a monarch through an appointed governor called?
a royal colony
What was the Great Awakening?
a series of Protestant religious revivals that swept across the American colonies
What is a trading post?
a small settlement established for the purpose of exchanging goods
What is an overseer?
a supervisor
What do you call a person who betrays his or her own people, nation, or cause?
a traitor
What is another name for a peace agreement?
a treaty
What is a creek, stream, or river that flows into a larger river or other body of water called?
a tributary
What was King Philip's War?
a violent conflict between Native Americans and English colonists from New England, who were aided by Native American allies
Which person would be able to vote freely in the colonies?
a white doctor who owns a house and a farm
What is diversity?
a wide variety
What does arable mean?
able to grow crops; fertile
What is tolerance?
acceptance of others
What evidence condemned men and women during the Salem witch trials?
accusations from village authorities and villagers
What are economic activities?
actions that involve the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services
What is an alliance?
an agreement between nations to fight each other's enemies or otherwise collaborate; a partnership
What was the Enlightenment?
an intellectual movement that emphasized the use of reason to examine previously accepted beliefs
What content in the New-York Weekly Journal led to Zenger's libel trial?
articles about a colonial governor who removed a judge and tried to rig an election
Why did William Berkeley accuse Nathaniel Bacon of being a traitor?
because Bacon challenged Berkeley's and wealthy planters' power
Why were gristmills usually built on rivers?
because their grinding stones were turned by the river's flow
What are common schools?
colonial elementary schools
What is an obedience to a set of beliefs called?
conformity
Describe the term subsistence farming.
family farms that produce only enough food for the family
What was one source of tension in the Middle Colonies in the 1600s?
historical tensions between the Algonquian and the Iroquois peoples
What is a plant that produces a blue dye for cloth called?
indigo
What advantage made Maryland economically successful?
its location on the Chesapeake Bay
What did the Puritan founders have control over that affected social class in New England?
land
What is the refusal to take sides or become involved called?
neutrality
What is the act of being forgiven for wrongdoings or sins called?
salvation
What was the Mayflower Compact?
shipboard contract signed by the Pilgrims on the Mayflower before they landed in N.America binding them to abide by their own laws and establish a civil society
What are raw materials?
the basic substances and elements used to make products
What was the Glorious Revolution?
the bloodless overthrow of James II in favor of William and Mary
What is libel?
the publishing of lies
What did King Charles I's charter grant to George Calvert?
the right to establish a colony called Maryland
What are provisions?
the supplies of food, water, and other items needed for a journey
Why did King James I issue a charter to the Virginia Company?
to detail the company's rights and privileges in settling the colonies
Why did the Virginia Company encourage people to settle in the American colonies?
to farm tobacco
Why did the Algonquian tribes move each season?
to follow the supply of food
Why did the Iroquois move west in the mid-1600s?
to gain greater access to the beavers in the region
What does burgeon mean?
to grow quickly
What does smuggle mean?
to import or export goods illegally
What does banish mean?
to send away as punishment, usually without hope of return
Why were Harvard and Yale established?
to train men to be members of the clergy
Which of the following best describes William Braddock's army at the Battle of the Monongahela?
well-trained but unprepared for frontier fighting
Before 1698, what was the main source of labor in the Southern Colonies?
white indentured servants
Which words did enslaved Africans introduce to the English language?
yam and tote
