Unit 2: Fire Safety and Utility Controls

Extinguishers that are appropriate for Class B fires have a rating from __B to __B.

1B to 640B

What are some common electrical hazards?

"electrical octopus," cords under carpets, frayed or broken cords, malfunctioning appliances

A well-prepared home/workplace will have AT LEAST ___________ of the appropriate type for the locations

2 portable fire extinguishers

What is the standard capacity for a water extinguisher?

2.5 gallons

Most fire will burn vigorously in any atmosphere of AT LEAST _________

20% oxygen

What is the standard range for a water extinguisher?

30-40 feet

What is the highly used placecard for hazardous materials?

704 Diamond by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

What is the standard range for a dry chemical extinguisher?

8-12 feet

An effective fire sizeup will answer what questions?

Do my buddy and I have the right equipment? Are there any other hazards? Is the building structurally damaged? Can my buddy and I escape? Can my buddy and I fight the fire safely?

What is the CERT goal?

Do the greatest good for the greatest number

Step 6 for proper fire suppression procedure:

Member 2 should guide Member 1 from the area with their hands as Member 1 continues to face the fire and looking for other hazards. Member 1 NEVER turns their back

P.A.S.S

Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep

What type of extinguisher is most common?

dry chemical extinguishers

What will happen to the hose when it is being used and for how long?

due to the dryness of the fabric, water will seep through the fabric until it is saturated; it will last for approx. 1 minute

What are the three categories of fire/utility hazards?

electrical, natural gas, flammable or combustible liquids

How do you fix common electrical hazards?

eliminate tangles of electrical cords, don't overload electrical outlets, don't plug power strips into other power strips, replace broken/frayed cords, maintain electrical appliances properly

Class C Fires:

energized electrical equipment (wiring, motors)

What should you do to a fire extinguisher before approaching any fire?

ensure that it is working properly by testing it before approaching

Examples of hazardous meterials:

explosives, flammable gases/liquids, poisons or poisonous gas, corrosives, nonflammable gas, oxidizers, radioactive material

What is the role of CERT with fire and utility safety?

extinguishing small fires, preventing additional fires by removing fuel sources, shutting off utilities, assisting with evacuations

If there is a _______ that you cannot extinguish, call _____ and turn off gas if safe to do so

fire, 911

Class B Fires:

flammable liquids (oils, gasoline, etc) and combustible liquids (charcoal lighter fluid, kerosene, etc); these fuels only burn at the surface (oxygen cannot penetrate the depth of the fluid, only the vapor burns when lit)

You should NOT enter a _______ basement or ________ to shut off the electrical supply because water __________

flooded, standing water, conducts

A natural gas detector should be installed near the _____,_____, and _____.

furnace, hot water tank, and gas appliances (clothing dryer or stove)

What are the DON'Ts when suppressing a fire

get too close (if you feel the heat, too close), try to fight the fire alone, try to suppress large fires, enter smoke-filled areas (CERTs don't have proper equipment)

Step 9 of sizeup may require you to ______ and gather _______

go back, more facts

What does the blue quadrant of the 704 Diamond tell?

health hazard

What three elements are required for fire to exist:

heat, fuel, oxygen

What are the components of a portable fire extinguisher?

hose, carrying handle and trigger, pressure gauge, cylinder

What is overhaul?

how to ensure that a fire, once extinguished, is completely extinguished and stays extinguished

What does P.A.S.S tell you?

how to operate a fire extinguisher

During a fire, why do you look at the door first?

if air is being sucked under the door or smoke coming out the top, DO NOT touch the door

What do you do once a fire is extiguished?

if the area is safe, stay and overhaul the fire

What is the general rule when putting out fires?

if you can't put it out in 5 seconds, it is too big and you should leave

What do you do if there is a gas leak and your gas meter is in your home?

if you smell gas or see the dials on your meter showing gas flowing even with appliances turned off, evacuate the premises and call 911. DO NOT attempt to shut off the gas from inside your home if gas may be in the air

What are some home and workplace hazards?

incompatible materials stored in close proximity to each other-flammables/combustibles, corrosive, compressed gases, and explosives

Class A Fires:

ordinary combustibles-paper, cloth, wood, rubber, and many plastics

Which element of the fire triangle is the easiest to eliminate?

oxygen

What are the two most common firefighting resources?

portable fire extinguishers and interior wet standpipes

What does the white quadrant of the 704 Diamond tell?

special precautions

How do Class K Fire extinguishers work?

they are designed to supplement fire suppression systems in commercial kitchens; they spray an Alkaline Mixture that, when combined with the fatty acid from the burning cooking oil/fat, creates a Soapy Foam to hold in the vapors and extinguish the fire

During a fire, why should you have a backup team?

they can support your efforts and provide help

Where can hazardous materials be found?

throughout every community, they are used in many commercial processes and sold in retail outlets Common places: industrial locations, dry cleaners, funeral home, home supply store, big box store, delivery van

What will a sizeup for a situation involving a fire dictate?

whether to attempt fire suppression and you plan for extinguishing the fire

What do CERT members always do when deployed?

work with a buddy and wear safety equipment

Do CERT members help in fire/utility related emergencies before professional responders arrive?

yes as long as you follow some guidelines

What do you do if you answer "YES" to all of the questions asked before attempting to put out a fire?

you can attempt to put it out, but leave immediately if unable to put out

What is a requirement for using an interior wet standpipe?

you must work in two-person teams

If you have a shutoff device that is closed, what should you do?

you should have a qualified professional restore it

How are fires categorized?

based on the type of fuel that is burning

Never enter the ________ of a structure that is on ______ to turn off any utility.

basement, fire

Extinguishers that are appropriate for Class A fires have a rating from __A to __A, with a ________ number indicating a higher ________of extinguishing agent.

1A to 40A, higher, volume

No placecard is required for less than ________pounds for many hazardous materials

1,000 lb

What is the number range for the 704 Diamond?

1-4, higher the number the higher the risk

What are some simple fire prevention steps?

1. locate potential sources of ignition 2. do what you can to reduce or eliminate the hazards

What should you do for a household electrical emergency?

1. locate the circuit breaker/fuses, and know how to shut off the power (post shutoff instructions next to it) 2. unscrew individual fuses or switch off SMALLER breakers first....then pull the main one

What is the standard capacity for a dry chemical extinguisher?

10-20 seconds discharge time

What does an interior wet standpipe consist of?

100 feet of 1.5 inch jacket hose with adjustable spray nozzle

What is the standard pressure for a water extinguisher?

110 pounds per square inch

Interior wet standpipes delever up to __________ of water per _____

125 gallons, minute

Carbon monoxide detectors should not be placed within_____ft of ________ appliances or in/near very _____ areas such as bathrooms

15 feet, heating or cooking, humid

What is the standard pressure for a dry chemical extinguisher?

175-250 psi (pounds per square inch)

What are other possible symbols for a FNPA 704 Diamond?

ACID-material is an acid ALK-material is a base COR-material is corrosive RADIOACTIVE symbol-material is radioactive

What is Team Member 2's job while using an interior wet standpipe?

After your partner gives the go ahead, open the water valve Then backup your partner at the nozzle

What questions to ask before attempting to fight a fire with an extinguisher?

Are there TWO ways to exit the area quickly and safely if I attempt to extinguish the fire? Do I have the right type of extinguisher for the type of fire? Is the extinguisher large enough for the fire? Is the area free from other dangers (like hazardous materials and falling debris)

Step 2 of Sizeup

Assess and communicate the damage-try to determine what happened, what is happening now, how bad things can get

Step 4 of Sizeup

Assess your own situation-are you in immediate danger, have you been trained to handle the situation, do you have the equipment needed

Step 1 for proper fire suppression procedure:

Assume the ready position, pull the pin, Team Member 1 holds the extinguisher aimed and upright (20 to 25 feet from the fire if small)

Step 4 for proper fire suppression procedure:

Both members walk towards the fire, Member 1 should watch the fire and Member 2 should stay close to Member 1 (keep your hand on Member 1's shoulder, your job is to protect Member 1)

No _______ accompanies an extinguisher rated for Classes....

C, D, K

The __ on the label indicated ONLY that the extinguisher is safe to use on _________ fires

C, electrical

What extinguishers can be used for a fire of electrical equipment (Class C)?

CO2-removes air Dry chemical-breaks chain reaction

What extinguishers can be used for a fire of kitchen oils (Class K)?

Chemical-usually removes air

Only extinguish flammable liquids using a portable fire extinguisher rated for Class ___ Fires

Class B

Step 3 of Sizeup

Consider probabilities-what is likely to happen, what could happen through cascading events

Extinguishers for Class __ fires must match the type of _______ that is burning and are labeled with a _____ detailing the ________ that match the unit's extinguishing agent

D, metal, list, metals

How are hazardous materials marked and identified while in transit?

Department of Transport (DOT) placecard The United Nations (UN) system The North American (NA) warning placecards

Step 7 of Sizeup

Develop a plan of action-develop a plan that will help you accomplish your priorities; simple plans can be verbal, but more complex plans should ALWAYS be written

Step 5 of Sizeup

Establish priorities-are lives at risk, can you help (remember life safety is the FIRST PRIORITY)

Step 9 of Sizeup

Evaluate progress-at intervals, evaluate your progress in accomplishing the objectives in the plan of action to determine what is working and what need yo be changed to stabilize the situation

What extinguishers can be used for a fire of flammable liquids (Class B)?

Foam-removes air CO2-removes air Foam dry chemical-breaks chain reaction

Step 1 of Sizeup

Gather facts-what has happened, how many people appear to be involved, what is the current situation

During a fire, what do you do if you do not have all need PPE?

Leave the building

Step 6 of Sizeup

Make decisions-base your decision on answers to Steps 1-5 and in accordance with priorities that you established

How can gas be restored after it was shut off?

Only by a trained technician

What is Team Member 1's job while using an interior wet standpipe?

Remove the hose from cabinet ad make sure the hose is free of kinks and bends in the line When ready, they give the go-ahead to your partner to open the water valve

What extinguishers can be used for a fire of combustible metals (Class D)?

Special agents-usually removes air

Step 8 of Sizeup

Take action-execute your plan, documenting deviations and status changes so that you can report the situation accurately to first responders

Step 3 for proper fire suppression procedure:

Team Member 1 moves forward, say "Going in," Team Member 2 should repeat and stay within reach of Member 1

Step 2 for proper fire suppression procedure:

Team Member 1 says "Ready," Team member 2 should repeat

Explain the roles of each buddy while using a fire extinguisher

Team Member 1-put out a fire with an extinguisher Team Member 2-watch for hazards and ensure the safety of both members

Fire Suppression Safety Rules:

Use safety equipment at all times Work with a buddy Have a backup team if possible ALWAYS have TWO ways to exit the fire area Look at the door Feel closed doors with the back of the hand Confine the fire Stay low to the ground Maintain a safe distance NEVER turn your back on a fire when leaving Overhaul the fire

What are the two symbols from the National Fire Code? (section 704)

W OX

What extinguishers can be used for a fire of ordinary solid materials (Class A)?

Water-removes heat Foam-removes air and heat Dry chemical-breaks chain reaction

Step 5 for proper fire suppression procedure:

When Member 1 is exiting the fire, say "Backing out," Member 2 should repeat

How a portable fire extinguishers rated?

according to their effectiveness on different classes of fire

What is Underwriters Laboratories?

an organization that sets safety standards for manufactured good

Certain hazardous materials (like ___________, it is flamable) are placecarded as nonflammable for _________ transport but as flammable for ___________ transport

anhydrous ammonia, domestic, international

How should the DOT, UN, and NA placecards be treated?

as a stop sign for CERT, treat any unknown situations as a hazardous materials incident

Where should you aim a fire extinguisher?

at the base of the fire

Some gas meters have ______________ valves that restrict the _________ during an ____________ or other emergency

automatic shutoff, earthquakes

For class B fires, oxygen _____ penetrate the depth of the fluid, only the ____burns when lit

cannot, vapor

What type of dry chemical extinguisher is becoming less common?

carbon dioxide and other specialized extinguishers

What kind of reaction is fire?

chemical and exothermic

What fire class is non-energized electrical equipment considered?

class a fire

Class D Fires:

combustible metals (aluminum, magnesium, titanium)

Where are interior wet standpipes common?

commercial and apartment buildings

In interior spaces, it is possible to _______ a fire and _____ the spread of _______ and______ by ______________, both interior and exterior

confine, restrict, smoke and heat, closing doors

Other firefighting resources include __________ and "____________"

confinement, "creative resources"

What should CERT do if they come across a 704 Diamond?

consider it as a "STOP SIGN;" only action that should be take is evacuate people who are downwind if necessary to an uphill/upwind location; DO NOT enter the building

Sizeup is a ________ process that enables professional responders to _____________and ________________ in the areas of ______need

continual, make decisions, respond appropriately, greatest

Class K Fires:

cooking oils (vegetable oils, animal oils, fats)

Characteristics of hazardous materials (only need one to be considered)

corrodes other materials, explode or are easily ignited, react strongly with water, are unstable when exposed to heat or shock, are otherwise toxic to living things through absorption, inhalation, injection, or ingestion

What chemicals do most dry chemical extinguishers use as a base? What fires are they most effective on?

sodium bicarbonate, Class B and C

How do you monitor natural gases in the house?

install a natural gas detector (test monthly), install a carbon monoxide detector near the sleeping areas (also test monthly), locate and label the gas shutoff valves (may be multiple valves inside a home including the main shutoff) and know how to shut off the gas and have the proper non-sparking tool for shutting it off

If the gas meter is located inside your home, only shut off gas flow when....

instructed to by local authorities

What are the two types of hazards natural gas presents?

it is an asphyxiant and an explosive that can easily ignite

How does the 704 Diamond work?

it is divided into four colored quadrants, each with a rating number (it indicates the degree of risk associated with the material)

What does heat do in the fire triangle?

it is required to elevate the temperature of a material to its ignition point

What is overhauling and what is the saying you should remember?

it is the process of searching a fire scene for hidden fire of sparks in an effort to prevent the fire from rekindling. "COOL, SOAK, and SEPARATE"

What does fuel do in the fire triangle?

it may be a solid, liquid, or gas; the type and quantity will determine which method should be used to extinguish the fire

What is an asphyxiant?

it robs the body of oxygen

What do you do with an empty extinguisher?

laid down and stored on their side so no attempts will be made to use them again before recharged

What do you do if you answer "NO" to any of the questions asked before attempting to put out a fire? (or you can't put it out in 5 seconds or less)

leave the building immediately, shut all doors as you leave

L.I.E.S.

limit, isolate, eliminate, separate

When turning power back on, turn on the ___________first, then screw in the fuses or switch one the smaller breakers, _____ at a time

main switch or breaker, one

What is the other type of dry chemical extinguisher base used for multipurpose dry chemical extinguishers? What fires are they effective on?

monoammonium phosphate, Class A, B, C

Where can you find transit hazard placecards?

on any vehicle, not just tankers

When a fire is beyond the ability of CERTs to extinguish, what should CERt members do?

protect lives by evacuating the area and establishing a perimeter

Portable fire extinguishers must be ______ and _________ by ______________ and _________________

rated, approved, State fire marshal, Underwriters Laboratories

What does the yellow quadrant of the 704 Diamond tell?

reactivity

How can you reduce hazards from flammable liquids?

read labels to identify flammable products; store them properly using L.I.E.S method

What is ALWAYS the number one priority?

rescuer safety

What will help reduce the likelihood of fires?

simple fire prevention

A portable fire extinguisher must also have their _______and __________ labeled by the ___________

strength and capability, manufacturer

How can you identify where hazardous materials are stored or used?

the location and type of occupancy; placecards; sights, sounds, and smells

What does the W mean for a 704 Diamond?

the material has unusual reactivity with water, so don't mix with water (like magnesium metal)

What does the OX mean for a 704 Diamond?

the material possesses oxidizing properties, these materials increase the potential for explosion/fires (like ammonium nitrate)

What does the red quadrant of the 704 Diamond tell?

the material's flammability

What does they class of the fire tell you?

to select the correct method and agent for extinguishing the fire

During a fire, what do you do after you look at the door?

touch the door with the back of your hand, work from the bottom of the door up, do not touch handle before feeling door; opening door will provide more oxygen

You should ______ the meter from ______ the building if you smell gas or see dials on the meter showing gas

turn off, outside

Without oxygen, most fuels could be heated until entirely ________, BUT wouldn't ____

vaporized, burn

What does a portable fire extinguisher's label contain?

vital information about the type(s) of fire for which the extinguisher is appropriate for

What are the four types of fire extinguishers?

water, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, specialized fire extinguishers

Use extreme caution when using a _______ extinguisher to ensure that the ______, which is under ______, do not _______ lightweight materials and spread the ______

water, water, pressure, scatter, fire