Unit 2 - Introduction to Mobile Apps & Pair Programming (2019)

whitelist

A whitelist is a generic name for a list of email address or IP addresses that are considered to be spam free.

cyberspace

Cyberspace is a metaphor for describing the non-physical terrain created by computer systems.

data abstraction

Data abstraction in computer science is the practice of organizing and encapsulating certain data into a more general representation.

data

Data is the distinct information that is formatted in a special way.

CPU

CPU (Central Processing Unit) is that part of the computer's hardware that carries out the instructions of a computer program.

chip

Chip' is an informal way of describing an integrated circuit (IC)

sequence

A sequence control structure is the application of each step of an algorithm in the order in which the statements are given.

special purpose computer

A special purpose computer is one that has a fixed program (e.g. a simple calculator, a digital watch, a car's anti-lock braking system).

transistor

A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power. Transistors are the fundamental building blocks of electronic devices.

boolean

A Boolean condition is a true/false condition. It is named after George Boole (1815-1864) an English mathematician.

NOT gate

A NOT gate is a circuit with one input and one output defined such that its output is TRUE (or ON) when its input is FALSE (or OFF) and vice versa.

social network

A a social network is a social structure made of nodes that are generally individuals or organizations. A social network represents relationships and flows between people, groups, organizations, animals, computers, or other information/knowledge processing entities.

binary sequence

A binary sequence is a sequence of 0s and 1s.

bit

A bit is a single binary digit, either 0 or 1. It is the smallest unit of data in a computer.

bit

A bit is short for binary digit, the smallest unit of information in a computer.

pseudocode

A blend of English and code used to write down an algorithm for a program.

Event Handler

A block of code that reacts to an event like a button click.

browser

A browser is a program that displays web pages and is used to navigate the WWW.

byte

A byte is 8 bits

character

A character is any symbol that requires one byte of storage.

computer

A computer is a machine that processes information under the control of a program.

program

A computer program is a sequence of instructions that controls the computer.

hardware

A computer's hardware includes its electronic and mechanical components that carries out the instructions of a computer program.

constant

A constant, such as the numeral '5', is an abstraction that represents a single thing, e.g., the value 5.

data center

A data center is a physical or virtual infrastructures used by enterprises to house computer, server and networking systems and components for the company's IT (information technology) needs.

data network

A data network is a telecommunications network which allows computers to exchange data.

disk drive

A disk drive is a randomly addressable and rewritable storage device.

flip flop

A flip flop (or latch) is a digital circuit that has two states, ON or OFF, that can be used to store a 1 or a 0. It is the fundamental unit of computer memory.

flowchart

A flowchart is a visual (i.e. graphical) notation for expressing algorithms.

general purpose computer

A general purpose computer is one that can run many different programs (e.g. a smartphone).

byte

A group of eight binary digits or bits.

User Interface

The part of computer application through which a user interacts with a program.

interpretation

The process of translating source code into machine language

compilation

The process of translating the entire source code into a single binary file.

Tim Berners-Lee

Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web (WWW).

logic gate

A logic gate is an elementary building block of a digital circuit. Examples would be AND, OR, and NOT gates that perform basic digital operations.

machine language

A machine language is a programming language that is directly readable by the computer's CPU.

high level language

A high level language is a programming language that is human readable (App Inventor)

network

A network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together.

processor

A processor is a shorthand way of referring to a microprocessor or CPU.

protocol

A protocol is a system of rules that govern the behavior of some system.

variable

A variable, such as the symbol 'X', can be used to represent any number and is therefore more general and more abstract than a constant.

abstracting

Abstracting is the process of creating abstractions.

User Events

Actions by the user such as button clicks.

AND gate

An AND gate is a circuit with two inputs and one output defined such that its output is TRUE (or ON) only when both of its inputs are TRUE (or ON).

OR gate

An OR gate is a circuit with two inputs and one output defined such that its output is TRUE (or ON) when either or both of its inputs are TRUE (or ON).

abstraction

An abstraction is a general representation of something

algorithm

An algorithm is a precise sequence of instructions for processes.

integrated circuit

An integrated circuit (IC) or, informally, a chip, is an electronic circuit formed on a small piece of semiconducting material, that integrates billions of tiny transistors and logic gates.

open standard

An open standard is a standard (such as TCP, HTTP) that is not owned or controlled by a private entity.

WWW as a higher level of abstraction

Berners-Lee felt the WWW brought the Internet to a higher level of abstraction.

HTTP

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is the protocol that controls the behavior of the WWW.

positional number system

In a positional number system the value of a digit in a number depends on its place.

Event-driven Programming

In event-driven programming, the program is activated by events such as button clicks.

blacklist

In internet terminology, a blacklist is a generic term for a list of email addresses or IP addresses for organizations that known to be spammers.

Input

Input is data sent to a computer for processing by a program and can be tactile, audible, visual, or text

intellectual property

Intellectual property refers to any property that is created using original thought.

Moore's Law

Moore's law is the projection that the number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits will rougly double every year since the integrated circuit was invented.

Output

Output is the data sent back from the program to the device and can be tactile, audible, visual, or text.

UI Components

Parts of the user interface such as Buttons, Labels, etc.

procedural abstraction

Procedural abstraction in computer science is the practice of organizing and encapsulating algorithms in named procedures that can then be invoked by name.

RAM

RAM (Random Access Memory) stores the computer's programs and data temporarily while power is on.

software

Software consists of the programs that control the computer.

TCP/IP

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the protocols that determine the behavior of the Internet.

IETF

The International Engineering Task Force (IETF) develops and oversees open standards such as HTTP (www) and SMTP (mail).

abstraction layer

The Internet is organized into several abstraction layers that are controlled by various protocols. From the bottom up, we have the link layer (Ethernet protocol), the Internet layer (IP), transport layer (TCP), and application layer (HTTP)."

Internet

The Internet is the global public network of independent and autonomous networks that are governed by the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP)

World Wide Web (WWW)

The WWW is an Internet application of interlinked web pages based on the HTTP protocol.

base

The base of a number system refers to the number of distinct digits or symbols used to represent numbers in that system.

binary number system

The binary number system is a number system in which all numbers are represented in terms of the 2 binary digits, 0 and 1.

decimal number system

The decimal number system is a base-10 system that we use every day, consisting of the symbols 0 through 9.

hexadecimal number system

The hexadecimal number system is a base-16 system, consisting of the 16 symbols 0 through 9 and A through F.

motherboard

The motherboard houses the computer's main electronic components.

octal number system

The octal number system is a base-8 system, consisting of the symbols 0 through 7.

control structure

one or more programming language statements that control the flow of a computer program.

Integrated Design Environment

software that provides comprehensive tools for programming such as UI design, code editing, and a way to interpret and run the program

selection

the computer is given criteria, and has to make a decision based on the circumstances

repetition/ iteration

the control structure used to repeatedly process one or more program instructions; also called a loop