Unit 2 - It Really Does Matter About Matter
3) In the 1770s, two French scientists, __________ and Joseph Louis Proust, performed careful experiments with matter and began to question conventional thinking about the atom.
Antoine Lavoisier
4) Which of the following was NOT a part of the atomic theory of Dalton?
Atoms are composed of negatively charged electrons orbiting a nucleus containing positively charged protons and neutrally charged neutrons.
11) An English physicist named ___________ devised a new model of an atom in which the atom consisted of a cloud of positively charged material in which negatively charged particles corpuscles were embedded.
Joseph John Thomson
Mass reactants = Mass products
Law of conservation of mass
5) Which of these are intensive properties?
a substance is very malleable (it can be hammered into a shape) a substance has a density of 4.13 g/cm3 a substance has a melting point of 40°C
19) The attraction of particles of one substance for the molecules of another substance at the point of contact is called _________.
adhesion
8) The _______ is the electrode where electrons are EMITTED in an electron tube.
cathode
137 / 55 Cs is a radioactive isotope.
cesium Atomic 3 and protons: 55 mass : 137 Neutrons: 82
7) A chemical change in which one or more substances change into new substances with different properties is called a ___ reaction.
chemical
8) A characteristic of a substance that can only be observed during a chemical reaction in which a substance either combines chemically with another substance or the substance breaks down chemically into simpler substances is called a(n) ___ property.
chemical
18) A method of separating a mixture into its components based on the adhesion rates of the individual components to a stationary phase is called _________.
chromatography
15) A device used to focus nuclear radiation into parallel beams is a(n) __________.
collimator
a mixture consisting of particles larger than 1 nm but smaller than 1000 nm suspended in a dispersal medium a device that rotates a sample at high speeds causing the components of a mixture to separate method of separating a mixture of two solids that are both soluble in the same solvent but have different rates of solubility
colloid centrifuge fractional crystallization
A mixture of three liquids with different adhesion rates to a stationary phase.
column chromatography
12) The law of ___ is a scientific law that states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
consevation of mass
13) Which of these changes are Physical changes? (88%)
cutting a substance into smaller pieces increasing the mass of a substance
9) The Law of __________ proportions states that a chemical compound will always contain the same elements in the same definite proportions by mass regardless of the size of the sample.
definite
2) A chemical reaction in which hydrogen and oxygen molecules are removed from the reactants to produce water is a(n) ________ reaction.
dehydration
8) Sucrose can decompose into carbon and water in a(n) _________ reaction, in which hydrogen and oxygen molecules are removed from the reactants to produce water.
dehydration
9) The process of physically separating a single-phase mixture into components if the components have different boiling points is called simple _________.
distillation
7) A conductor through which electrons enter or leave a substance is a(n) _________.
electrode
4) A chemical reaction that occurs when an electric current is passed through an electrolyte to bring about a decomposition reaction is called _________.
electrolysis?
5) A form of energy called ___________ exhibits wavelike behavior and can travel through a vacuum.
electromagnetic radiation
6) Negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of each atom are _________.
electrons
27) A(n) ___ is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances (without losing its identity) by chemical or physical means.
element
24) Pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means are:
elements
7) The pattern of bands of visible light produced by an excited atom when it returns to its ground state after being heated in a flame or charged with an electric arc is called a/an ___________.
emission spectrum
3) A physical property of matter that depends on the amount of matter present is called a(n) ___ property.
extensive
8) The process of separating a solid from a fluid phase in a mixture by passing the mixture through a porous barrier that traps the solid is called _________.
filtration
A mixture of solid particles with diameters greater than 1000 nm suspended in water.
filtration
A mixture with two organic solids with different solubilities.
fractional crystallization
10) The separation of a mixture of liquids in which the components, called fractions, each have a different boiling point is called _________.
fractional distillation
A mixture of several liquids with boiling points that are different but close together.
fractional distillation
4) Wave _________ is the number of waves that pass a certain point in a given amount of time.
frequency
19) Thermal conductivity is the ability of a material to conduct ___.
heat
This mixture is one in which the components form a single phase with uniform consistency. This mixture is one in which the individual components remain distinct in separate phases without uniform consistency. A homogeneous mixture in which a solute is dissolved in a solvent creating particles that are less than 1 nanometer in diameter. A heterogeneous mixture in which particles are not uniformly distributed throughout the mixture and will settle out unless it is agitated and whose particles are larger than 1000 nanometers in diameter.
homogenous heterogenous solution suspension
2) ____________ is the property of matter that causes an object to stay at rest or stay in motion in a straight line unless it is acted upon by an outside force.
inertia
3) Any compound that does not contain the element carbon is a(n) _________ compound.
inorganic
1) A physical property of matter that does not depend on the amount of matter present is called a(n) ___ property.
intensive
48) An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons is called a(n) ___.
isotope
1) Any compound except for a carbon oxide, a carbide, or a carbonate that contains the element carbon is a(n) _________ compound.
organic
The two categories of compounds are ___________ compounds, which are compounds that contain carbon, and __________ compounds, which are compounds that do not contain carbon
organic / inorganic
A mixture of dyes with different adhesion rates to paper.
paper chromatography
15) In a mixture that contains a colloid, what could you do to determine which one is the colloid?
pass a light through it to check for Tyndall effect
21) A homogeneous region within a heterogeneous system is called a _________.
phase
6) The ________ is the phenomenon in which electrons are emitted from certain substances due to the absorption of light of specific frequencies.
photoelectric effect
2) A characteristic of a substance that may be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance is a(n) ___ property.
physical
4) A change in a substance that does not involve a change in its composition is a(n) ___ change.
physical
Compounds cannot be separated into component elements by ___________ means, but they can be caused to decompose
physical / chemically
25) If you become an astronomer, you may study the fourth state of matter called:
plasma
17) A molecule with a slightly positive charge on one side and a slightly negative charge on the other side is a(n) ___ molecule.
polar
K Na O P Pb Si Sn W Zn
potassium sodium oxygen phosphorus lead silicon tin tungsten zinc
13) Positively charged particles that exist in the nucleus of each atom are _________.
protons
A compound is a(n) ________ substance made up of two or more elements, chemically combined in _______ proportions
pure / definite
11) The name for a substance that undergoes a chemical change in a chemical reaction is ___.
reactant
32/ 14 Si (80%)
silicon mass number atomic number 14 14
A mixture of water-soluble solid with a solid that is not water-soluble having particles with a diameter greater than 1000 nm.
simple / filtration
A mixture of two components with very different boiling points.
simple distillation
1) The amount of solute that will dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature and pressure is the solute's _________.
solubility
2) The _________ is the substance being dissolved in a solvent to form a solution.
solute
3) The _________ is the substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution.
solvent
24) The substance used to separate components in chromatography is called _________.
stationary phase
33) Alchemists attempted to produce the philosopher's ___, which was supposed to give long life and health when mixed with water and consumed.
stone
6) Which of these are extensive properties?
a substance has a mass of 1.25 g a substance has a volume of 5.4 mL
14) Neutrally charged particles that exist in the nucleus of most atoms are _________.
neutrons
How many atoms of oxygen does it have in its chemical composition? This describes the molecules as they have a slightly positive charge on one side and a slightly negative charge on the other. This property describes water since it dissolves other substances to form solutions. Method by which molecules can be separated into oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
1 polar solvent electrolysis
29) At the time of writing, how many elements have been discovered?
117
22) Select the ways that an isotope of carbon atom with a mass of 14 can be notated.
14/ 6 C
clear, colorless liquid at at 0° C it it _____ at 100 c poor heat and electricity
25 freezes boils conductor
1) A Greek philosopher named _________ reasoned that all matter must be made up of tiny, indivisible, indestructible particles that he called atomos.
Democritus
2) Which of the following was NOT a tenet of the atomic theory of Democritus?
Each atom is composed of negatively charged particles called corpuscles embedded in a positively charged material.
1) Rutherford's shortcomings were in these areas:
Energy deterioration- a moving electrical charge gives off energy, so constantly moving electrons should constantly lose energy and eventually crash into the nucleus. Chemical properties- his model failed to explain how the arrangements of electrons in an atom of a particular element related to the chemical properties of that element. Electrostatic balance- since inertia would balance the electromagnetic attraction of the nucleus only if the nucleus was of the same magnitude as the charge of the electron, the electrons of the atoms of every element except for hydrogen would spiral into the nucleus. Electromagnetic attractions- electrons have a negative charge and the nucleus has a positive charge, electrons should be pulled into the nucleus and collapse the atom.
17) A New Zealand-born physicist named ____________ devised a new model of the atom consisting of a dense, positively charged core that he called a nucleus surrounded by empty space in which negatively charged electrons orbited around the nucleus like the planets in the Solar System orbit around the Sun.
Ernest Rutherford
18) An English physicist named __________ discovered neutrons and concluded that they must be contained in the nuclei of most atoms.
James Chadwick
6) In the following table indicate if the statement refers to a Suspension or if it refers to a Colloid (both) ((50%))
S S B S B S
Antimony beryllium bromine calcium chlorine fluorine helium hydrogen iodine
Sb se Sr Ca Cl F He H I
12) An American physicist named __________ proved the existence of electrons with an experiment using tiny oil droplets and X-rays.
Robert Millikan
5) In the following table indicate if the statement refers to a Solution or if it refers to a Colloid.
S C C S C S S
10) An English physicist named _____________ devised a modified Geissler tube and a better vacuum pump. During his experiment, he noted that cathode rays caused the glass at the end of the tube to glow. This caused him to suspect that cathode rays were actually particles that had mass.
William Crookes
22) A solution formed by dissolving a metal in a metal or a non-metal in a metal while the components are molten (melted) is called a(n) ____.
alloy
16) Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden attempted to "map" the interior of gold atoms using _________ radiation.
alpha
Al Ag Au B Ba C Cu Fe Hg
aluminum silver gold boron barium carbon copper iron mercury
9) The _______ is the electrode where electrons are RECIEVED in an electron tube.
anode
5) A(n) _________ is the smallest unit of an element that maintains all the chemical properties of that element.
atom
31) An identifying number for each element based on the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element is called:
atomic #
47) The ___ is a weighted average of the relative atomic masses of all the isotopes of an element.
atomic mass
37) What would be the correct name for element 209? Use IUPAC rules.
binilennium
20) The interaction of a liquid in contact with a solid that results in the distortion, elevation, or depression of the surface of the liquid is called _________.
capillarity
49) Relative atomic mass of an atom is the mass of a single isotope of an element compared to the mass of a single atom of ___.
carbon-12
lithium magnesium Manganese Neon Nitrogen Sulfur
li mg mn ne n s
28) Which of the following are pure substances?
mixtures/ elements/ compounds
23) The solution composed of the components of a mixture dissolved in a solvent to be separated by chromatography is called ________.
mobile phase
10) The Law of __________ proportions states that when more than one compound is formed by different combinations of the same elements, the different masses of one element that combine with the same mass of a second element will form ratios of small whole numbers.
multiple
30) Elements that can be in the crust or atmosphere of the Earth are called:
naturally occurring elements
32) One of the goals of alchemists was the ___ of common elements, such as iron, lead, or sulfur, into expensive metals, such as silver and gold.
transmutation
35) What would be the correct name for element 121? Use IUPAC rules.
unbiunium
36) What would be the correct name for element 161? Use IUPAC rules.
unhexunium
26) A pure substance is one that has a ___ composition and properties throughout.
uniform
34) What would be the correct name for element 119? Use IUPAC rules.
ununennium
3) The length of one wave measured as the distance from a point on one wave to the same point on an adjacent wave is its __________.
wavelength
