Unit 2 lesson 2 The Water Cycle

Under condensation ( gas to liquid) is energy released or absorbed by water?

Released

Under deposition (from gas to solid) is energy released or absorbed by water?

Released

Under freezing (from liquid to solid) is energy released or absorbed by water?

Released

How can water shape land?

Rivers can carve valleys & canyons when flowing by carrying excess materials downstream. Glaciers can also grind away rock & carry the ground rock with them as they flow downhill.

How do runoff and groundwater differ?

Runoff is water that flows over land and groundwater is water flowing underground.

Warm ocean currents cool as they flow along a coastline, away from the equator. What is transported and how?

Since water currents flow along the coastline they could pick up sand, dirt & rocks then transport these materials. When water in the ocean is cold or salty it will then sink deep into the ocean and create a current.

Which of the processes of the water cycle occur by absorbing energy?

Sublimation, evaporation and melting

Condensation

The change of state from a gas to a liquid

Where does 90% of the water in the atmosphere come from?

The evaporation of Earth's water, mostly from oceans.

Transpiration

The release of water vapor into the air by plants. This is about 10% of the atmosphere's water.

What is the lithosphere?

The solid outer shell of Earth

What might happen to the water cycle if less solar energy reached Earth and how might Earth's climate be affected?

There would be less evaporation, so less water entering the water cycle, so less precipitation for plants. The Earth would be cooler, also affecting life. If no solar energy then Earth and life would freeze and have no water source.

How is energy transported in the water cycle?

Through changes of state and by the movement of water from place to place

How does water move INTO the atmosphere?

Through evaporation and transpiration and sublimation

How does water move on land and in the oceans?

Through iceflow, runoff, infiltration or ocean currents

What movement creates deep ocean currents?

Water that is very cold or salty will sink deep into the ocean

How do clouds, fog & mist form?

Water vapor condenses on small particles such as dust, forming tiny droplets of water that then float in the air.

How can sublimation occur?

When dry air blows over ice or snow where it is very cold and the pressure is low.

How are deltas & floodplains created?

When rivers carry large amounts of sand, mud & gravel and flow by an area where some of the materials can collect.

How does precipitation occur?

When water droplets collide and stick together, becoming larger in clouds and if large enough it falls to the Earth's surface

Infiltration

When water on land seeps into the ground

Groundwater

When water that has been infiltrated and goes underground. It also flows downhill through soil & rock.

How does condensation occur?

When water vapor in the air is cooled enough.

What causes ocean water on the surface to move, sometimes for thousand of miles?

Wind

Evaporation

occurs when liquid water changes into water vapor

What is the hydrosphere?

part of the earth that is water

watercycle

the continuous movement of water between the atmosphere, the land, and the oceans and living things.

What is the atmosphere?

the layer of gases that surrounds Earth

What is runoff?

ways water moves downhill to the oceans, lakes & marshlands usually through streams & rivers that flow over land.

Sublimation

when solid water changes directly to water vapor without first becoming a liquid

Watercycle

- the movement of water from Earth's surface into the atmosphere and back from land oceans and living things.

How is energy transferred to water from its surroundings?

1. Melts- from solid to liquid 2. Evaporates- from liquid to gas 3. Sublimes- from solid to gas 4. Condenses- from gas to liquid 5. Freezes- from liquid to solid 6. Deposits- from gas to solid

3 common types of precipitation & how they form are:

1. Rain- from large water droplets falling from clouds. 2. Snow- from when large water droplets freeze after leaving clouds. 3. Hail- forms when water droplets freeze after leaving clouds.

What % of Earth's surface is covered by glaciers or "rivers of ice"?

10%, they are called rivers of ice because gravity causes glaciers to flow slowly downhill- some on land & some on ocean if they have broken off.

Under evaporation (from liquid to gas) is energy released or absorbed by water?

Absorbed

Under melting ( from solid to liquid) is energy released or absorbed by water?

Absorbed

Under sublimation (going from solid to gas) is energy released or absorbed by water?

Absorbed

Precipitation

Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface.

How can water change from one state to another state?

As energy is transferred to or from water

Where do movements of water occur in the watercycle?

Atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere

How does water move in the atmosphere?

By condensation or precipitation

How does water reach the atmosphere?

By water vapor through evaporation, transpiration, sublimation. Energy for these changes comes mostly from the sun, as solar energy

Which of the processes of the water cycle occur by releasing energy?

Deposition, condensation and freezing

What is water vapor condensation at ground level called?

Dew, water vapor condenses on cool surfaces.

Why does the amount of water that flows in a river change during the year?

Different times of the year there is different levels of solar energy and different air temperatures. So if conditions are not present to change water vapor into a liquid then less precipition will occur, making the amount of water in a river less

How does water flow on land?

Downhill, because of gravity

What does the water cycle move?

Energy and matter through the Earth's atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere

What happens to water once it reaches Earth's surface?

Flows & circulates all over the Earth, flowing downhill both on the surface & underground on land. When falls into the oceans, currents move the water around the oceans.

What state of water is invisible?

Gas in the air

During a storm a tree fell over into a river. What might happen to this tree?

If there is enough water present in the river, and because the water is flowing downhill it could carry or move the tree into the river or downhill and deposit it in a different place.

What are the 3 states of water?

Liquid water Solid water ice Gaseous water vapor

What is the biosphere?

Living things on Earth

Is water losses when it changes state?

No

How does matter move in the water cycle?

Ocean's currents transports some solids in the water & dissolved salts and gasses.