Unit 2 Living Env. Study Guide

Formula for photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2

What statement best describes a hypothesis?

A hypothesis serves as a basis for determining what data to collect when designing an experiment.

Mistletoe is a plant that lives on the branches of trees. The mistletoe plant sends its roots in through the bark of trees and takes away water and minerals that the tree needs. In this situation, the mistletoe plant is...

A parasite

The energy used to obtain, transfer, and transport materials within an organism comes directly from...

ATP

The basic building blocks of a protein are...

Amino acids

A scientist plans to cut a segment of DNA so that it can be inserted into the DNA of a bacterium, a single-celled organism. The scientist needs to use a special type of organic molecule to perform this cutting process. This molecule is...

An enzyme

Formula for cell respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ---> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP energy

Glucose molecules are the building blocks of what class of macromolecule?

Carbohydrates

A student prepared a test tube containing yeast, glucose, and water. After 24 hours, the test tube was analyzed for the presence of several substances. What substance would the student expect to find if respiration occurred in the test tube?

Carbon dioxide

Which compound is inorganic?

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

A student wondered if butterflies would show any differences in their wing color if, as caterpillars, they were grown in the dark or grown in bright white light. Which statement would be a possible hypothesis for an experiment to test this idea?

Caterpillars exposed to bright white light will show more blue and green in their wings when they become butterflies than caterpillars kept in the dark.

During the process of cellular respiration, energy is released from...

Chemical bonds

More energy can be released from a fat molecule than from a glucose molecule because the fat molecule contains more...

Chemical bonds

In a food web, which type of organism receives energy from the other three types?

Decomposer

Active Transport

Diffusion against the concentration gradient. From low to high. Uses a protein channel, requires ATP energy. It is used by cells to accumulate needed molecules like glucose and amino acids.

The way a protein molecule is folded determines the shape of the molecule, which determines the...

Function of that protein

An energy-rich organic compound needed by organisms is...

Glucose

Which structures regulate water loss and gas exchange in the leaves of plants?

Guard cells

Concentration gradient for facilitated diffusion

High to low

Concentration gradient for diffusion(passive transport)

High to low until equilibrium is reached.

What effect does high temperature have on enzymes?

It can denature an enzyme which means to change its shape, making it inactive.

What effect does low temperature have have on enzymes?

It causes enzymes to work at a much slower pace.

What happens when there is an increase of enzymes or substrates?

It increases how fast a reaction happens

The denaturing of an enzyme means that...

Its shape is changed to make it inactive.

Butter and oil are examples of food composed of...

Lipids

Euglena are unique single-celled organisms. Depending on the physical conditions present in their aquatic environment, Euglena can act as either producers or consumers. Euglena will most likely act as consumers when placed in an environment that has

Little or no light present

Concentration gradient for active transport

Low to high

Certain seaweeds contain a greater concentration of iodine inside their cells than there is in the seawater surrounding them. The energy required to maintain this concentration difference is most closely associated with the action of...

Mitochondria

Most of the reactions by which energy from carbohydrates is released for use by the cell take place within the...

Mitochondria

Substrate

Molecule that the enzymes work on.

Diffusion (Passive Transport)

Movement from high to low concentration until equilibrium is reached. Requires no energy.

Fat molecules typically contain long chains of carbon atoms. Animals tend to store fats for use when food resources are scarce. This is an advantage to the animal because...

Much energy can be gained by breaking the bonds between atoms in the fats

The formation of lactic acid in human muscle cells is most closely associated with...

Muscle fatigue

Active site

Part of the enzyme that substrate molecules fit into.

Facilitated Diffusion

Passive transport of larger molecules(Carbohydrates, Amino acids) through a protein channel. High to low concentration gradient. Requires no energy.

Which process is a form of autotrophic nutrition?

Photosynthesis

Which statement best describes some protein molecules in a cell?

Proteins are long, folded chains that can form various cell parts.

While looking at the bottom surface of a leaf with a compound light microscope, a student notices pairs of cells with openings between them on the surface of the leaf. The main purpose of these openings and the cells that surround them is...

Regulating gas exchange.

In the cells of the human body, oxygen molecules are used directly in a process that...

Releases energy

When water is available and growth begins, the plant embryo inside the seed secretes enzymes to digest the starch stored in the seed. The enzymes in cells of the plant embryo are produced directly by the...

Ribosomes

What is the difference between semi-permeable and selectively permeable?

Semi-permeable membranes allows some substances to enter while selectively permeable membranes chooses what will enter.

Which activity completes an enzyme-controlled reaction?

Separation of the enzyme and the products of the reaction

What is the Enzyme Lock & Key Model?

Shows that the shape of protein allows enzymes and substrates to fit together.

Most of the starch stored in the cells of a potato is composed of molecules that originally entered these cells as...

Simple sugars

In living organisms, lipids function mainly as...

Sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes

A fully functioning enzyme molecule is arranged in a complex three-dimensional shape. This shape determines the...

Specific type of molecule it interacts with during a reaction

Which statement best describes enzymes?

The rate of activity of an enzyme might change as pH changes.

In what way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration similar?

They both involve organic and inorganic molecules.

A red blood cell placed in distilled water will swell and burst due to the diffusion of...

Water into the red blood cell

Enzyme-substrate complex

When an enzyme and molecule are temporarily joined.

Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology: A student designed an experiment to determine if air temperature had an effect on the rate of photosynthesis in corn plants.

air temperature at which the corn plants were grown

A corn field includes corn plants, mice, hawks, and various insects, fungi, and bacteria. Which nutritional role is correctly paired with organisms that carry out that role?

consumers - mice and insects

An experiment is carried out to determine how different pH values of soil will affect the growth of tomato plants. In this experiment, the dependent variable could be the...

height of the tomato plants